Stalin Final Flashcards

1
Q

League of Nations

A

Established after WWI, the first worldwide intergovernmental organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace, was largely weak and ended up being a failure

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1
Q

Comintern

A

International organization that advocated world communism, led by the Soviet Union, exerted Soviet control over world communism

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2
Q

Adolph Hitler

A

Was the Austrian born dictator of Germany, advocated German territorial expansion and racial supremacy

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3
Q

The Popular Front

A

Movements led by liberal minded members of the intelligentsia to defend perestroika

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4
Q

Munich Crisis

A

To prevent further German aggression, Neville Chamberlain adopted a policy of appeasement towards Hitler

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5
Q

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

A

Treaty of Nonaggression between Germany and the Soviet Union that partitioned Central and Eastern Europe between them

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6
Q

Operation Barbarossa

A

The German invasion of the Soviet Union, largest land offensive in human history, ultimate goal was the extermination of the Slavs

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7
Q

Battle of Moscow

A

Battle between Soviet Union and Germany, at the height of Operation Barbarossa, ended the German’s intention to capture Moscow

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8
Q

Leningrad Blockade

A

German siege of Leningrad, Leningrad’s entire able-bodied population was mobilized to build antitank fortifications along the city’s perimeter, many died from starvation, exposure and disease

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9
Q

“Blockade Bread”

A

During siege of Leningrad, people only had bread available to eat, contained sawdust and other inedible things

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10
Q

Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN)

A

a Ukrainian nationalist organization, pursued a strategy of violence, terrorism, and assassinations with the goal of creating an ethnically homogenous and totalitarian Ukrainian state

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11
Q

Einsatzgruppen

A

Expected to act as an ideological group, militarized murder squad, exterminate the Polish educated class, Nazi death squads

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12
Q

Babi Yar

A

a ravine in Kyiv, a site of massacres carried out by Nazi Germany’s forces

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13
Q

Katyn

A

a series of mass executions of nearly 22,000 Polish military officers and intelligentsia prisoners of war carried out by the NKVD

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14
Q

Penal Battalions

A

Military units composed of sentenced soldiers, political prisoners, and others deemed to be expendable

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15
Q

Alexei Maresev

A

Hero of the Soviet Union, his plane was shot down, crawled though German occupied territory while badly injured back to Soviet territory, had both his legs amputated, mastered control of his prosthetic devices and returned to flying

16
Q

Battle of Stalingrad

A

Stopped the German advance into the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany unsuccessfully fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad

17
Q

Battle of Kursk

A

Became the largest tank battle in history and resulted in a Soviet victory

18
Q

Marshal Tukhachevsky

A

Served as an officer in World War I and in the Russian Civil War, he achieved the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union, became instrumental in the development of Soviet aviation, was accused of treason, and after confessing during torture he was executed in 1937 during Yezhov’s military purges

19
Q

Marshal Zhukov

A

Was a Marshal of the Soviet Union, Chief of the General Staff, Minister of Defense, and was a member of the Politburo, during World War II he oversaw some of the Red Army’s most decisive victories, organized the defense of Leningrad, Moscow, and Stalingrad

20
Q

Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya

A

Was a member of a Soviet residence guerrilla group, she was executed after acts of sabotage against the invading armies of Nazi Germany, after stories emerged of her defiance towards her captors, she was posthumously declared a Hero of the Soviet Union

21
Q

Mikhail Chaureli

A

Was a Soviet Georgian actor, film director and screenwriter, Stalin’s favorite director, The Vow-told the revolution through a Stainist point of view, fictitious story

22
Q

The Fall of Berlin

A

Romantic story, retelling of WWII, contains highly positive depiction of Stalin

23
Q

Yalta Conference

A

Meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union to discuss the postwar reorganization of Germany and Europe

24
Q

Fourth Five Year Plan

A

Aims to rebuild the industrial base and exceed prewar production levels, a xenophobic campaign, zhdanovschina, is launched to purify Soviet life of Western bourgeois influences

25
Q

Zhdanovschina

A

Andrei Zhdanov, cultural policy of the Soviet Union during the Cold War period, called for stricter government control of art and promoting an extreme anti-Western bias

26
Q

Trofim Lysenko

A

“Lysenkoism”, tie Marxism/Leninism/Stalinism into plant biology, plants and animals can be remade in their environment

27
Q

The Doctors Plot

A

Was a Soviet state-sponsored antisemitic campaign and conspiracy theory that alleged a cabal of prominent Jewish medical specialists intended to murder leading government and party officials.

28
Q

XX Party Congress (1956)

A

Nikita Krushchev denounced Stalin, accused him of creating a cult of personality, placing himself above the party, mass repression, killing innocent party members

29
Q

De-Stalinization

A

Streets, parks and cities were renames, history books were written, statues were torn down, a process of political reforms in the Soviet Union that took place after the death Stalin in 1953

30
Q

Nikita Khrushchev

A

Becomes party’s first secretary, emerges as primary leader of Soviet Union, Khrushchev denounced Stalin’s crimes, and embarked on a policy of de-Stalinization

31
Q

Mikhail Gorbachev

A

Succeeded Khrushchev, decided the Soviet economy needed fundamental reform, too much military spending, political system needs reform, wanted to include more democratic elements in Soviet political system, began to relax censorship

32
Q

Perestroika

A

The policy of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system

33
Q

The Levada Center

A

A Russian independent, nongovernmental polling and sociological research organization

34
Q

Main Cathedral of the Russian Armed Forces

A

Dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Victory Day, decorated with murals of battle scenes from Russian military history and Bible scripture texts