Stalin Flashcards
what did international passports do (S)
it stopped people being able to go to other towns for better pay
what did Stalins rapid industrialisation do
people lost the right to change jobs
what type of houses were built 1927-1929 (S)
constructivist houses - had education crèche library and gyms (very very few built)
in 1948 what percentage of the housing budget was suspended (S)
40%
in 1947 how much did communal canteens cost (S)
250-300 roubles
what was the problem with communal canteens (S)
cost 250-300 roubles = half a months wages for an average worker - expensive
what was the problem with the mass vaccination campaigns (S)
prioritised party members and urban population meaning still many cases of malaria
how many cases of malaria were there amount workers from 1932-33 (S)
10,000
between 1940 and 1950 what did the infant mortality rate drop by (S)
50%
between 1947 and 1952 which did the number of medical doctors increase by (S)
2/3
when was social insurance introduced (S)
1920s
what did social insurance do (S)
meant 9 million workers had access to medical benefits, maternity and disability benefits
what was employment like under stalin
people did dangerous jobs with harsh discipline under low standards of living
what evidence is there of the harsh discipline of work under stalin
7 day working week
how did access to healthcare improve under stalin
mass vaccination campaigns
how successful were the mass vaccination campaigns under stalin
good for party leaders and urban areas
bad/no change for rural areas and workers
how did vaccination change after the war (S)
universal access to vaccination introduced, malaria declined after 1949
what were the kommunalka (S)
buildings divided into rooms for families to live in
what was the average space in a kommunalka before 1940 (S)
5.5m2
what was the average space in a kommunalka after 1940 (S)
4 m2
what problems were there in the kommunalka (S)
light switches in the wrong place, lack of sewerage, lack of bathing facilities, overcrowding
name a factory town (S)
Magnitogorsk
what was housing like in factory towns (S)
barrack style - lack of running water, bathrooms, lights etc
what was the ratio of beds to people after the war (S)
1 bed for nearly 2 people
150,000:260,000
after the war what as the ratio of basins to people (S)
1:70
in 1940 how many female tractor drivers were there (S)
50,000
what was the most common job for a women to work on a collectivised farm (S)
milkmaid or haymakers
what wage did milkmaids and haymakers get (S)
15% of a male tractor driver’s wage
how many women worked in industry in 1928 (S)
3 million
how many women worked in industry in 1940 (S)
13 million
what was the nickname for the role of a woman (S)
triple shift
what is the meaning of triple shift (S)
women did the majority of the work on the farms, domestic chores and handicrafts
what was the only job in the farms that offered women status (S)
tractor driver
what is one reason why women tended to do the jobs with low status (S)
they were unskilled jobs and having had limited access to education these were the only ones they could do
what were the farm jobs women did like (S)
of low pay and low status
in 1945 how many women were in combat roles (S)
800,000
how many female flying regiments were there (S)
3
name one of the female flying regiments (S)
night witches
when was the zhenotdel abolished (S)
1930
who was the head of the zhenotdel (S)
alexandra kollontai
name the key piece of propaganda for women (S)
1937, ‘worker and kolkhoz woman’
what was the ‘worker and kolkhoz woman’ (S)
a 25 metre statue
- a man with a hammer
- a female with a sickle
what did the ‘worker and kolkhoz woman’ represent (S)
the differences between men and women (industry vs agriculture)
what representations of heroic women were used after the war (S)
valentina tereshkova = astronaut from collective origins
in 1929 was percentage of party members were female (S)
12%
what was the name of the wife activist group (S)
obshchesttvennista
how did attitudes about women working in the party change from the 1920s to 1930s (S)
1920s - expected to employ nannies for childcare
1930s - expected to give up work to look after children
before ww2 how many members if the central committee were women (S)
7
in 1955 what percentage of the soviet workforce were women (S)
49%
what proportion of a mans pay were women recieving (S)
60-65%
in 1940 what percentage of industry workers were women (S)
41%
what percentage of men used prostitutes in 1920s (S)
39%
during ww2 what percentage of workers were women (S)
75%
in 1930 what percentage of uni students were women (S)
28%
how expensive was it to get a divorce (S)
1 week worth of wages
what change to abortion did stalin make
criminalised it unless life of the woman was in danger
what sexual checks were made to women on collective farms (S)
medical virginity checks
what were medical virginity checks on collective farms (S)
male managers would ‘check’ young women to enforce sexual abstinence - lead to abuse
what financial incentives were there for women to have children (S)
7 children - 2000 roubes yearly for 5 yrs
11 children - 5000 roubles yearly for 5 yrs
stalin’s traditional views and the limits he placed on the lives of women was called what (S)
stalin’s great retreat (criminating abortion, homosexuality, banning contraception, sex outside of marriage criticised)
in 1939 what percentage of the urban population were literate (S)
96%
in 1939 what percentage of the rural population were literate (S)
86%
in which party congress was the aim to remove illiteracy announced (S)
1930, 16th party congress
how many volunteers did the government recruit to help educate the illiterate (S)
3 million
what was the problem with the volunteers the government recruited to help educate the illiterate (S)
they were seen as an enemy since associated with the government during collectivisation
what percentage of the government volunteers to help educate the illiterate were attacked within the first year (S)
40%
in 1939 what percentage of men were literate (S)
97%
in 1939 what percentage of women were literate (S)
90%
how many illiterate people got help from the government volunteers (S)
90%
of the illiterate people who got help from the government volunteers, how many became literate (S)
68%
what was the target for the percentage of children aged 8-12 to be in primary education by 1932 (S)
100%
(95% achieved)
what percentage of children aged 8-12 were in primary school by 1932 (S)
95%
in 1939 what percentage of secondary school children completed it (S)
7%
what decree was released in july 1943 (S)
decree on gender segregation
what did the decree on gender segregation do (S)
introduced single sex schooling for secondary school children
what percentage of secondary school children completed it in 1953 (S)
20%
when were labour reserve schools introduced (S)
1940
what were labour reserve schools (S)
for men, free food and accommodation, trained in specialisms in industry (training course and a work placement)
from 1946-1952 how many men were trained in labour reserve schools (S)
4.2 million
how many universities were there in 1914
105
how many universities were there in 1939 (S)
817
how many uni enrolments were there in 1927
170,000
how many uni enrolments were there in 1940 (S)
812,000
how many uni enrolments were there in 1953 (S)
1.5 million
what was education like under stalin (S)
focus on discipline, punctuality, cult of personality, support of government policies
which children were favoured in education (S)
children of party members
