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H - Russia, Communist Government > Stalin > Flashcards

Stalin Flashcards

1
Q

how did stalin change ideology from lenin

A
  • socialism in 1 country
  • collectivisation and industrialisation : abandoned NEP
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2
Q

how did stalin change patronage from lenin

A
  • approved list
  • as Head of Central Control Commission he acted as patron with the power to fire and promote people
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3
Q

how did stalin change authority from lenin

A
  • monopoly of power
  • demanded apologies,
  • accusation of being enemies of lenin
  • accused B,K,Z of plotting against the party in a faction
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4
Q

how did stalin change party membership from lenin

A

lenin enrolment - 128,000 joined
new members uneducated and suspicious of T and B so supported stalin

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5
Q

what was the 1923 approved list (S)

A

a list of party delegates able for election

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6
Q

what was the problem with the lenin enrolment (S)

A

the new members cared more for their careers than the ideology of the party

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7
Q

what are the four causes of the purges (S)

A
  • econ problems
  • opposition
  • congress of victors
  • kirov’s murder
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8
Q

how did econ problems lead to the purges (S)

A

senior gov people knew about weaknesses in S’s argi+indust policies = undermine his authority, so S blame them for problems and sent them to gulags

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9
Q

how did opposition lead to the purges (S)

A

kirov defended ryutin’s changes to S’s policies - got him in prison rather than executed

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10
Q

what union did ryutin form (S)

A

union of marxist leninists = critical of S

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11
Q

how did the congress of victors lead to the purges (S)

A

feb 1934 - S came second to Kirov in central committee elections

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12
Q

when was the congress of victors (S)

A

feb 1934

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13
Q

what was the consequence of the congress of victors (S)

A

vote kept secret
kirov urged to stand against S - but didn’t

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14
Q

who was ryutin (S)

A

head of the local soviet

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15
Q

how did the murder of kirov lead to the purges (S)

A
  • removed his main opponent
  • S could claim someone was trying to overthrow the Gov
  • allowed S to launch mass campaign against his enemies
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16
Q

describe the murder of kirov (S)

A
  • suspicious : he was alone in his office when a guard should’ve been outside
  • the assassin was friends with the head of the NKVD
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17
Q

what did stalin claim following kirov’s murder (S)

A

the party needed to be purged of internal threats - acted as a trigger for the purges

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18
Q

what was the ryutin affair (S)

A
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19
Q

how many show trials were there (S)

A

3

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20
Q

name the three show trials (S)

A

trial of the 16
trial of the 17
trial of the 21

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21
Q

when was the trial of the 16 (S)

A

1936

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22
Q

who died at the trial of the 16 (S)

A

zinoviev, kamenev and 14 supporters

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23
Q

when was the trial of the 17 (S)

A

1937

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24
Q

who died at the trial of the 17 (S)

A

17 of trotsky’s former supporters

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25
when was the trial of the 21 (S)
1938
26
who died at the trial of the 21 (S)
bukharin and his closest supporters
27
what was the significance of the show trials (S)
- destroy reputation of key gov leaders - removed leading bolsheviks - S had more monopoly of power
28
what percentage of those killed during the show trials had senior positions in the party (S)
95%
29
what were the secret trials (S)
trials of the red army leaders loyal to trotsky
30
what happened at the secret trial (S)
8 senior generals tried for plotting to overthrow - all killed
31
what did the secret trials lead to (S)
37,000 red army officers being purged
32
when was the great terror (S)
1934-1938
33
what was yezhochina (S)
purging of the people - no longer restricted to the party
34
how did the great terror expand into the wider population (S)
anyone seen as an opportunist was arrested, killed or sent to labour camps
35
give an example of a quota used in the great terror (S)
july 1937 - 28% people arrested had to be shot, the rest sentenced to 10 years hard labour
36
what were the consequences of the great terror (S)
- removal of all rivals - climate of fear - more loyalty to S - NKVD became powerful
37
how was stalin's use of terror similar to lenin's (S)
- use of secret police - used to eliminate rivals - justified by saying it was 'to protect the revolution'
38
how was stalin's use of terror different to lenin's (S)
- lenin : genuine threat, not used within the party, relied heavily on secret police and army, smaller scale - stalin : perceived threat, use within party, relied heavily just on secret police, larger scale
39
what was the scale of stalin's use of terror (S)
>24 million
40
what was the scale of lenin's use of terror
3.7 million
41
what were government officals called under lenin vs under stalin (S)
lenin - commissars stalin - ministers
42
what was the GKO (S)
state defence committee
43
when was the GKO established (S)
june 1941
44
what was the most senior committee under lenin vs under stalin (S)
lenin - sovnarkom stalin - politburo aka the presidium
45
under lenin what was the relationship between party and state
not a defined relationship, state based on soviets but as non-com parties were outlawed, com party had more power than state
46
by what year was the politburo the most senior committee in gov (S)
1938
47
what year did the GKO become the most senior committee in gov (S)
1942
48
when did stalin become chair of sovnarkom
1941
49
after WW2 which committee was the most senior in gov (S)
sovnarkom
50
during WW2 what happened to the relationship between party and state (S)
the state was now more important than the party
51
why did stalin end mass terror during the war (S)
so the gov ran more efficiently - administration didn't have to fear violence
52
what did the 1936 soviet constitution establish (S)
2 halves to the council of ministers: - soviet of nationalities - soviet of the union
53
what was the GKO in charge of (S)
co-ordinating the economy and the military
54
what three things did stalin do to make the gov more effective in WW2
- ended mass terror - establish GKO - became chair of sovnarkom
55
why was it important for stalin to shift the centre of power amoungst the committees (S)
to ensure none of them had enough power to rival him
56
how did stalin create competition between the party and state after the war (S)
appointed rival personnel to key positions
57
why did stalin create competition between the party and state after the war (S)
to ensure they competed with eachother, not him
58
name an example of the competition stalin created between the party and state after the war (S)
put Zhandov in charge of the party (Beria's rival) and suspended Beria's political police
59
what was the leningrad affair (S)
a purge of the leningrad party
60
why did the leningrad affair happen (S)
stalin was worried the leningrad was developing independence from Moscow (= his powerbase)
61
how many people were killed and arrested in the leningrad affair (S)
- 100 officials shot - 2000 arrested
62
when was the leningrad affair (S)
1949
63
what forms of terror do we see after WW2 (S)
- leningrad affair - testing loyalty
64
what is meant by stalins testing loyalty (S)
- imprisoned/sacked the wives and daughters of senior figures in the gov
65
who is an example of stalin's testing loyalty (S)
Molotov
66
what happened to Molotov under 'testing loyalty' (S)
S demanded Politburo vote to expel M's wife - M didn't vote - M forced to apologise for disloyalty 1949
67
what happened to Molotov's wife (S)
she was arrested and imprisoned - Molotov did nothing to stop it

H - Russia, Communist Government (6 decks)

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