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Treasa's ACVD Dermatology Pack > Stains > Flashcards

Stains Flashcards

Review of stains for histopathology and IHC markers

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Haematoxylin and eosin

A

Haematoxylin: reacts like a basic dye with a purplish blue colour. Stains acidic or basophilics structures - cell nucleus (contains DNA and nucleoprotein), organelles that contain RNA (ribosomes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum)

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2
Q

Masson’s Trichrome

A

Blue: mature collagen
Red: Immature collagen, keratin, muscle, nerves.

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3
Q

van Gieson’s

A

Red: mature collagen
Yellow: Immature collagen

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4
Q

Verhoeff’s elastin stain

A

Black: elastin and nuclei

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5
Q

Orcein elastin stain

A

Black/purple: elastic tissue

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6
Q

Gomori aldehyde fuchsin

A

Purple: elastin, sulphated acid mucopolysaccharides, some epithelial mucins

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7
Q

Giemsa

A

Romanovsky-type stain (Wrights is as well) with mixtures of methylene blue, azure, and eosin compounds
Purple: Mast cell granules, cartilage, mucin, amyloid.

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8
Q

Oil red O

A

Dark red: lipids

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9
Q

Sudan black B

A

Green black: lipids

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10
Q

Scarlet red

A

Red: lipids

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11
Q

Hale colloidal iron

A

Blue: acid mucopolysaccharides

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12
Q

Alcian blue

A

Blue: acid mucopolysaccharides, mucin

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13
Q

Toluidine blue

A

Purple: acid mucopolysaccharides, mast cell granules purple

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14
Q

Mucicarmine

A

Red: epithelial mucins, acid mucopolysaccharides including Cryptococcus cell wall

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15
Q

Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)

A

Red: fungi, glycogen, neutral mucopolysaccharides, tissue debris

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16
Q

Gomori/Grocott Methenamine Silver (GMS)

A

Black: fungi

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17
Q

Gram or Brown-Brenn

A

Blue: gram +ve
Red: gram -ve

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18
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen

A

Red: acid-fast bacteria - carbol-fuchsin stains the lipid walls

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19
Q

Fite’s modified acid-fast

A

Red: acid-fast bacteria (weaker acid than ZN for more delicate Mycobacteria)

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20
Q

Steiner

A

Black: Spirochetes

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21
Q

PAS, GMS or Gridley

A

Blastomyces

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22
Q

PAS, GMS, Pap or Wright’s

A

Coccidioides (spherules latter two plus PAS)

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23
Q

India ink stain, Diffquik, Gram, new methylene blue (cytol)

A

Cryptococcus

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24
Q

Giemsa

A

Leishmania; negative for GMS (differentiate from Histoplasma)

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25
Q

Fontana-Masson

A

Black: melanin (same for chromomycoses)

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26
Q

Schmorl’s method

A

Blue-green: melanin

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27
Q

DOPA-oxidase

A

Brown-black: melanin

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28
Q

Melanin bleach

A

Removes melanin

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29
Q

Von Kossa

A

Blue: mineral

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30
Q

Alizarin Red

A

Red: calcium

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31
Q

PAS

A

Positive: mineralised material

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32
Q

Alcian blue

A

Positive: mineralised material

33
Q

H&E

A

Blue

34
Q

Alcian blue

A

Blue

35
Q

Endogenous peroxidase

A

Erythrocytes

36
Q

Naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate

A

Poorly differentiated plasma cells

37
Q

Cytokeratin

A

Squamous and glandular epithelium, Merkel cell

38
Q

Vimentin

A

Intermediate filaments of mesenchymal cells – differentiates tumours of epithelial and mesenchymal origin

39
Q

Claudin-1

A

Tight junctions

40
Q

Desmin, actins

A

Muscle

41
Q

Neurofilament

A

Axon cell bodies, dendrites

42
Q

S100 protein

A

Mainly used to differentiate schwannomas, neurofibromas, fibrosarcomas

43
Q

Myoglobulin

A

Skeletal muscle

44
Q

Factor VIII-related antigen

A

Endothelial cell

45
Q

Peanut agglutinin

A

Histiocyte

46
Q

Myelin basic protein

A

Schwann cell

47
Q

Neuron-specific enolase

A

Schwann cell, Merkel cell

48
Q

Collagen IV

A

Basement membrane

49
Q

Laminin

A

Basement membrane

50
Q

E-cadherin

A

Located mainly adherans junctions of epithelial cells and LCs but also reported other round cell tumours incl. lymphoma, histiocytoma, MCT

51
Q

Pax5

A

B cells

52
Q

CD1

A

LCs, dendritic APCs

53
Q

CD3

A

T cells

54
Q

CD4

A

Helper T cells, dendritic APCs, neutrophils

55
Q

CD8

A

Suppressor/cytotoxic T cells

56
Q

CD11

A

All leukocytes

57
Q

P16

A

Papillomavirus

58
Q

CD18

A

All leukocytes (integrin molecule)

59
Q

CD21

A

B cells

60
Q

CD31

A

Endothelial cells

61
Q

CD45

A

All leukocytes

62
Q

CD79

A

B cells and plasma cells

63
Q

CD90/Thy-1

A

Dermal DCs but not LCs

64
Q

Ki67, PCNA, AgNOR

A

Proliferation/cell cycle markers

65
Q

Tumour type

A

IHC Marker

66
Q

Carcinoma (epithelial)

A

Cytokeratin

67
Q

Haemangiosarcoma (endothelial)

A

Factor VIII related antigen, Claudin 5, CD31

68
Q

Histiocytoma

A

CD18, CD204, IBa-1

69
Q

Lymphoma – B cell

A

CD79a, CD20, PAX5

70
Q

Lymphoma – T cell

A

CD3

71
Q

Mast cell tumour

A

CD117/c-kit, vimentin, tryptase

72
Q

Melanoma

A

Melan-A, PNL2, TRP-1, TRP-2, +/- S100

73
Q

Muscle tumour – smooth

A

Smooth muscle actin, desmin

74
Q

Muscle tumour – skeletal

A

Myogenin D, sarcomeric actin, desmin

75
Q

Neuroendocrine tumour

A

Chromogranin A, synaptophysin

76
Q

Plasma cell tumour

A

MUM-1

77
Q

Sarcoma (mesenchymal)

A

Vimentin

78
Q

TVT

A

Lysozyme, ACM-1, vimentin, α1-anti-trypsin

Treasa's ACVD Dermatology Pack (2 decks)

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