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Anatomical Pathology > Stains 1 > Flashcards

Stains 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Alcian Blue

A

mucin = blue (not neutral mucins), green if combined with van Gieson

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2
Q

Azan

A

good for fine detail in epith.
nuclei = red
collagen/basement membrane/mucin = blue
muscle/RBC = red/orange

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3
Q

Calretinin

A

calcium binding protein related to S100 and inhibin
(+) mesothelioma, (-) lung adenoCa
(-) Hirshsprung
(+) adrenal cortical lesions, (-) pheochromocytoma

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4
Q

CD34

A

endothelial cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells

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5
Q

CD68

A

monocytes/macrophages/histiocytes

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6
Q

CDX2

A

homeobox gene for a nuclear transcription factor for intestinal embryogenesis
spec for intestinal epithelium
(+) GI adenoCa, but also bladder, endometrial w/ squamous diff. ‘morular type’, mucinous adenoCa of lung, ovary, cervix, testicular metastatic teratoma

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7
Q

CK5/6

A

(+) SCC strong/diffuse, (-) adenoCa weak/focal

diffuse cytoplasmic staining with perinuclear enhancement

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8
Q

CK7

A

cytokeratin 7: type 2 keratin, marker of epithelium; found in breast, lung, ovary, urothelium; usually not in GI or stratified squamous
- used with CK20

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9
Q

CK20

A

cytokeratin 20; type 1 keratin, marker of epithelium

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10
Q

Fontana-Masson

A

melanin = black

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11
Q

GATA3

A
  • luminal marker for breast epithelium
  • mut. = HDR syndrome (hypoparathyroidism, deafness, renal dysplasia)
  • use: low nuclear immunoexpression → poor prognosis for invasive breast Ca
    POS
    normal: nuclear; breast epithelium, mature T cells
    dz: invasive breast Ca, periph T cell lymphoma, urothelial carcinoma
    NEG
    breast myoepithelial cells
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12
Q

Giemsa

A 
blood cells, other smears
nuclei = dark blue/violet
cytoplasm = pale blue
RBC = pale pink
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13
Q

Goldner’s Masson Trichrome

A

acrylic resin sections of undecalcified bone; mineralized vs osteoid

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14
Q

glypican 3

A

(+) HCC, (-) nonmalignant liver [but cirrhotic nodules may stain focally (+)
(+) ovarian yolk sac, (-) embyronal Ca
cytoplasmic/membranous
mutn: Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome

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15
Q

hematoxylin and eosin

A

hematoxylin: basic dye, stains acidic structures purple/blue → BLUE nuclei, ribos, RER
eosin: acidic dye, stains basic structures red/pink cytoplasm, connective, rbc red

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16
Q

Ki-67

A

marker of cell prolif. → ribosomal RNA proliferation; nuclear stain

17
Q

Masson’s trichrome

A

nuclei = blue
collagen = green/blue
cytoplasm/muscle/RBC/keratin = bright red
path: muscular dystrophy, cardiac, cirrhosis, glomerular fibrosis

18
Q

napsinA

A

proteinase involved in maturation of surfactant protein B, found primarily in lung and kidneyPOS

normal: cytoplasmic in Type 2 pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages
dz: RCC, pulm adenoCa, ovarian clear cell carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma

19
Q

Nissl

A

neuronal RER, clumps = ‘Nissl substance’, shows cell body and dendrites, not axon

20
Q

p16

A

INK4a; tumor suppressor protein by CDKN2A (9p21.3), prevents progression into S phase (Inhibits cyclin D dependent protein kinases (CDK4 and CDK6) therefore maintaining Rb in its hypophosphorylated state which prevents its dissociation from E2F transcription factor); ↑ expression in aging cells → apoptosis; function silenced in nonHPV related tumors
(+)
malig: HPV related anogenital precursors, SCC, endocervical adenoCa, uterine serous Ca, high grade serous Ca of Mullerian origin,
non-malig: branchial cleft cyst, endometrial tube metaplasia (mosaic pattern)

21
Q

p504s

A 
aka α methyl acyl coenzyme A racemase
def: cerebellar ataxia
(+) cytoplasmic:
prostate: adenoCa, high grade PIN
bladder: nephrogenic adenoma, prostate adenoCa (distinguish with S100A1); urothelial Ca
colon: adenomas w/ high grade dysplasia; colorectal Ca
esophagus: Barrett
kidney: renal cell Ca, papillary
liver: dysplasia and HCC
skin: extramammary Paget
stomach: adenoCa
also Ca of breast, cervix, lung, ovary, melanoma
22
Q

p53

A

17p13; tumor supp, induces arrest of cell cycle, may force apop. by activation of BAX,
mut’n: Li-Fraumeni, germline heterozygous
nuclear stain, > 5% of nucleus = positive

23
Q

Periodic Acid Schiff

A

periodic acid = type of iodine, oxidizes vicinal diols in sugars → aldehydes react with Schiff reagent
(+) = magenta/red
carbohydrates (glycogen), mucin (Goblet/GI, respiratory), kidney basement membranes/brush borders, intestinal brush border, cartilage, collagen (weaker?)

24
Q

S100

A

name: acidic protein, 100% soluble in ammonium sulfate and neutral pH
funct: regulate contraction, motility, growth , diff, cell cycle progression, transcription and secretion; structurally related to calmodulin
staining: usually cyto and nuclear to be positive
(+) neural tissue/lesions, melanoma, schwannomas, neurofibromas

25
Q

Schmorl’s

A

reducing substances; melanin, lipofuscin, enterochromaffin

26
Q

Sudan Black

A

lysochromic,

lipid = black, ie. myelin

27
Q

Toluidine Blue

A

will stain epoxy resin sections; glomerulus, nerves

mast cell granules = reddish purple in paraffin (‘metachromasia’)

28
Q

TTF1

A

thyroid transcription factor, aka thyroid specific enhancer binding protein
mut’n: pulmonary hypoplasia and neonatal death
nuclear stain:primary (+) vs secondary (-) lung Ca
pulmonary adenoCa (+) vs SCC (-)
pleural lung Ca (+) vs mesothelioma (-)
pulm small cell Ca (+) vs Merkel cell Ca (-)

29
Q

reticulin

A

reticulin = black/blue, ie connective tissue

30
Q

vimentin

A

MESENCHYME, ie. sarcoma
POS
normal: mesenchyme
dz: mesenchymal tumors; Ca of adrenal/endometrium/thyroid; breast pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia; CNS ependymoma, meningioma, pituicytoma; melanoma; mesothelioma; pancreatic solid pseudopapillary tomor; perivascular epithelioid cell tumor; renal cell Ca; salivary gland mammary analog secretory Ca; most sarcomas; testicular Leydig cell tumor, seminoma, Sertoli cell tumor; uterine mucinous Ca
NEG
carcinomas (some exceptions); Krukenberg; renal oncocytmoa; renal chromophobe Ca; thymic Ca, thymoma

Anatomical Pathology (2 decks)

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