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HP LEC FINALS > STAINING > Flashcards

STAINING Flashcards

1
Q

acidic

A

nucleus

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2
Q

basic

A

cytoplasm

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3
Q

classification of staining

A

histological staining
histochemical staining
immunohistochemical staining

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4
Q

DIRECT INTERACTION between the COMPOSITION of tissues and STAIN SOLUTION being used in the process

A

histological staining

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5
Q

look for a STRUCTURE of the tissue by applying dye through a CHEMICAL REACTION

A

histochemical staining

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6
Q

combination of immunologic and histochemical techniques allowing to look for PHENOTYPIC MARKERS onto the tissues

A

immunohistochemical staining

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7
Q

special procedures rarely performed in the lab

A

histochemical staining
immunohistochemical staining

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8
Q

methods of staining are not only applicable in HP lab but also in

A

bacteriology
hematology

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9
Q

DIRECT STAINING:

sections are stained with

A

simple Aqueous or Alcoholic solutions

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10
Q

link or bridge between tissue and dye; integral part in indirect staining

A

mordant

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11
Q

involves the usage of MORDANT for the stain to INTERACT OR STAY on the tissue

A

indirect staining

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12
Q

not participate in the staining (indirect) reaction; accelerate speed of staining

A

accentuator

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13
Q

follows a definite sequence; conc. is ALWAYS increasing

A

progressive staining

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14
Q

differentiation relies on the SELECTIVE AFFINITY OF DYES

A

progressive staining

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15
Q

tissue is OVERSTAINED; decolorize

A

regressive staining

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16
Q

regressive staining:

used to check for the presence, size of any bacteria

A

Gram’s stain

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17
Q

regressive staining:

look for the presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

acid fast staining

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18
Q

3 classes of differentiators

A

acid differentiator
oxidizing differentiator
mordant differentiator

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19
Q

forms a SOLUBLE SALT with the METAL so the latter (metal) is dissolved out

A

acid differentiator

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20
Q

oxidizes the dye to a COLORLESS substance

A

oxidizing differentiator

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21
Q

primary stain is basic, decolorizer is acidic vice versa

A

mordant differentiator

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22
Q

acts as a differentiator for both basic and acidic dye

A

alcohol

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23
Q

stains tissue w a color that is different from that of the stain itself

A

metachromatic staining

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24
Q

metachromatic staining:

produces red purple on mast cell

A

toluidine blue

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25
Q

metachromatic staining:

blue green on reticulocytes

A

cresyl blue

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26
Q

application of a different color or stain to provide CONTRAST AND BACKGROUND STAINING

A

COUNTERSTAINING

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27
Q

counterstaining:

cytoplasmic

A

EOSIN PiLi

eosin y
picric acid
lissamine green

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28
Q

counterstaining:

nuclear

A

(Red Hema Saf)

neutral red
hematoxylin
safranin O

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29
Q

general RELATIONSHIP OF TISSUES AND CELLS

A

microanatomical staining

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30
Q

microanatomical staining:

bacterial morphology

A

negative staining

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31
Q

microanatomical staining:

structures found in cytoplasm and nucleus

A

cytoplasmic staining

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32
Q

demonstration of tissue elements by the USE OF METALLIC SALTS (colorless soln)

A

metallic impregnation

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33
Q

produce an OPAQUE of BLACK deposits on the tissue

A

METALLIC SALTS

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34
Q

metallic impregnation:

part of the tissue that had bacteria on it

A

black deposists

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35
Q

SELECTIVE STAINING of living cells

A

vital staining

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36
Q

vital staining:

RER

A

trypan blue

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37
Q

vital staining:

mitochondria

A

janus green

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38
Q

done by INJECTING THE DYE into any part of animal body

A

intravital staining

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39
Q

intravital staining:

demonstrate the uterus in the gravid helminths in parasitology

A

india ink

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40
Q

stains living cells immediately after removing from the living body

A

supravital staining

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41
Q

stains used in supravital staining

A

methylene blue
trypan blue
neutral red
janus green

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42
Q

2 categories of dyes

A

natural dyes
synthetic dyes

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43
Q

natural dyes

A

hematoxylin
cochineal dyes
orcein
saffron

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44
Q

synthetic dyes

A

aniline

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45
Q

most valuable stain used

A

hematoxylin

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46
Q

active coloring agent (will not be considered as stain without undergoing an oxidation or ripening process

A

hematin

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47
Q

hematoxylin is derived from

A

hematoxylin campechianium

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48
Q

types of hematoxylin:

progressive staining

A

alum hematoxylin

49
Q

types of hematoxylin:

for differential or regressive staining

A

iron hematoxylin

50
Q

types of hematoxylin:

used for the process of spermatogenesis

A

copper hematoxylin

51
Q

widely used a powerful chromatin and nuclear stain

A

cochineal dyes

52
Q

when cochineal dyes is treated with ALUM, will be termed as ?

A

carmine

53
Q

cochineal dyes:

for neuroPathological

A

carmine w picric acid

54
Q

cochineal dyes:

for glycogen demonstration; best carmine stain

A

carmine w/ aluminum chloride

55
Q

derived from lichens

A

orcein

56
Q

ORCEN is usually COLORLESS but expenses a blue or violet color when treated w

A

ammonia
or exposure to air

57
Q

for staining ELASTIC FIBERS

A

orcen

58
Q

orcen indicator; weak staining power

A

litmus (lime and soda)

59
Q

coal tar dye derived from hydrocarbon benzene; must bind to substrate for it to show color

A

aniline dyes

60
Q

aniline dyes:

dye appears in the tissue

A

chromophores

61
Q

dye appears in the tissue:

  • gives color to the dye
A

chromogens

62
Q

aniline dyes:

retains color; permanent

A

auxochrome

63
Q

aniline dyes:

how to create chromophores

A

Combination of CHROMOGEN and AUXOCHROME plus SUBSTRATE

64
Q

aniline dyes: According to Location of Chromophore

base- sodium

A

acid dye

65
Q

aniline dyes: According to Location of Chromophore

based - HCl

A

basic dye

66
Q

Aniline dye: According to Location of Chromophore

soluble in alcohol but not in water

A

neutral dye

67
Q
  • For REGRESSIVE staining
  • CARTILAGE and CEMENT LINES of bones: Blue
  • Staining time: 15-40 mins
A

EHRLICH’S HEMATOXYLIN

68
Q
  • ROUTINE NUCLEAR staining
  • EXFOLIATIVE cytology
  • Sex chromosomes
  • Staining time: 5-20 mins
A

HARRIS HEMATOXYLIN

69
Q
  • ROUTINE Purposes
  • Used in sequence with (C)ELESTINE BLUE
  • Staining Time: 10 mins
A

COLES HEMATOXYLIN

70
Q
  • Mucopolysaccharide
  • Nuclear staining
A

MAYER’S HEMATOXYLIN

71
Q
  • Demonstrating MUSCLE FIBERS AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • Recommended when the PRECEDING STAINS
    contain ACID
A

WEIGERT’S HEMATOXYLIN SOLUTIONS

72
Q
  • Cytological stain recommended for
    REGRESSIVE staining of THIN sections
  • Demonstration of CHROMATIN,
    CHROMOSOMES, NUCLEOLI, CENTROSOMES, and
    MITOCHONDRIA
  • VOLUNTARY muscle striation and myelin
A

HEIDEHAIN’S HEMATOXYLIN

73
Q
  • Demonstrates structure in (P)ARAFFIN,
    CELLOIDIN , and FROZEN section
  • Staining Time: 12-24 hrs
A

PHOSPHOTUNGSTIC ACID HEMATOXYLIN (PTAH)

74
Q

PHOSPHOTUNGSTIC ACID HEMATOXYLIN (PTAH):

  • Nuclei, fibrin, muscle striations, myofibrils,
    fibroglia
A

BLUE

75
Q

PHOSPHOTUNGSTIC ACID HEMATOXYLIN (PTAH):

Collagen, bone, cartilage

A

Orange-Red or Brownish Red to Deep Red Stain

76
Q

Staining CONNECTIVE tissue and CYTOPLASM
differentially; background for contrasting stains

A

EOSIN

77
Q

bluish (eosin b)

A

deeper red color

78
Q

yellowish (eosin y)

A

green yellow fluorescence

79
Q

Basic nuclear stain; diagnosis of
Diphtheria; Fresh sputum; Aerogenes bac

A

methylene blue

80
Q

methylene blue is HEATED with fixed ALKALI/alkali
carbonate

A

METHYLENE VIOLET

81
Q
  • Sub for THIONINE in FFT
  • For NISSL GRANULES
A

TOLUIDINE BLUE

82
Q

○ Amyloid in FFT; PLATELETS
○ For HEMATOLOGY

A

CRYSTAL VIOLET

83
Q

Counterstaining of EPITHELIAL sections

A

ANILINE BLUE

84
Q

Plasma stain for ACID-FAST organism

A

BASIC FUCHSIN

85
Q

○ Ascaris eggs and erythrocyte; Bacterial
spore stain
○ Both DECOLORIZER and COUNTERSTAIN
○ Usually for PARASITOLOGY

A

MALACHITE GREEN

86
Q

Contrast stain for GRAN’S staining

A

BISMARCK BROWN

87
Q

Utilized for manufacture of PAINTS

A

PRUSSIAN BLUE

88
Q

ACID mucopolysaccharide

A

ALCIAN BLUE

89
Q

for Embryos

A

CONGO RED

90
Q

○ For Mitochondria

A

JANUS GREEN

91
Q

Substitute for Carbole Fuchsin

A

NIGHT BLUE

92
Q

Used to STAIN LIPIDS or fats

A

LYSOCHROMES

93
Q

○ For PHOSPHOPLIPIDS & NEUTRAL Lipids
○ 0.5% SOLUTION boiled in 70% ETHANOL

A

SUDAN BLACK

94
Q
  • For NEUTRAL lipids only
  • 2% BENZOIC ACID in 70% Alcohol
A

SUDAN IV

95
Q

FAT stain for CNS

A

SUDAN III

96
Q

Should always be distilled

A

WATER

97
Q

CHIEF SOLVENTS USED FOR STAINS

A

(WAAP)

WATER
ALCOHOL
ANILINE WATER
PHENOL

98
Q

Aqueous solution of 0.5-5%

A

PHENOL

99
Q
  • added to every 1/2 of 1L of hot distilled water (aniline water)
A

10cc

100
Q

alcohol as chief solvents used for stains

A

ethyl alcohol
methyl alcohol

101
Q

Holes 5-9 slides

A

COPLIN JAR

102
Q

Holds 5-19 slides

A

SLOTTED STAINING DISHES

103
Q

Holds 10-30 slides

A

METAL/GLASS STAINING RACK/CARRIES

104
Q

To protect the specimen form physical injury

A

mounting of sections

105
Q

recommended storage time for mounting of sections

A

10 yrs

106
Q

refraction index near of glass

A

1.518

107
Q

characteristics of a good mounting medium

A

refractive index near glass (1.518)
should not dry out quickly
should not dissolve out tissue sections
should not cause shrinkage and distortion
should be permanent

108
Q

Water-miscible preparations

A

aqueous media

109
Q

used when DEHYDRATION and CLEARING with XYLENE cannot be made

A

glycerin gelly (1.47)

110
Q

Farrant’s Medium

A

GUM ARABIC (RI: 1.43)

111
Q

refractive index of apathy’s medium

A

1.52

112
Q

○ Preparations that have been dehydrated
and cleared in XYLENE and TOLUENE
○ Natural and Synthetic resins

A

resinous media

113
Q

RI OF CANADA BALSAM

A

1.524

114
Q

RI OF DPX

A

1.532

115
Q

RI OF XAM

A

1.520

116
Q

RI OF PERMOUNT

A

1.518

117
Q

RI OF CLARITE

A

1.544

118
Q

Process of sealing the margins of the coverslip to
prevent escape of fluid

A

ringing

HP LEC FINALS (1 decks)

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