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Htl > Staining > Flashcards

Staining Flashcards

1
Q

When using the Fite procedure, mycobacterium are stained:

a. blue
b. orange
c. red
d. green

A

c. red

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2
Q

Which of the following will bind to acid mucosubstances and may then be demonstrated by the Prussian blue reaction?

a. diastase
b. dimedone
c. colloidal iron
d. hyaluronidase

A

c. colloidal iron

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3
Q

Parallel sections are stained with PAS, one with and one without diastase digestion. When the staining results are evaluated, the digested section demonstrates:

a. acid mucosubstances
b. the viability of the Schiff reagent
c. sites where glycogen was removed
d. areas of nonspecific PAS- positive staining

A

c. sites of glycogen removal

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4
Q

Which of the following pigments is birefringent?

a. formalin
b. bile
c. lipofuscin
d. melanin

A

a. formalin

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5
Q

Acid mucosubstances and neutral mucosubstances can be differenced by staining with both:

a. mucicarmine and Weight iron hematoxylin
b. alcian blue and PAS
c. toluidine blue and aldehyde fuchsin
d. Sudan black and best carmine

A

b. alcian blue and PAS

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6
Q

In the colloidal iron method of staining, the principle of the reaction is believed to be the formation of the ionic bond between ferric iron and the free carboxyl group of:

a. glycogen
b. lipoproteins
c. neutral mucins
d. acid mucopolysaccharides

A

d. acid mucopolysaccharides

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7
Q

In order to suppress background staining, a Congo red solution frequently contains:

a. sodium acetate
b. sodium chloride
c. sodium phosphate
d. sodium sulfate

A

b. sodium chloride

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8
Q

In metachromatic staining, strong acid mucosubstances can be distinguished from weakly-acid mucosubstances by varying the:

a. electrolyte concentration
b. staining time
c. temperature
d. pH

A

d. pH

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9
Q

The PAS reaction is useful for the demonstration of:

a. hyaluronic acid
b. dermatan sulfate
c. chondroitin sulfate B
d. neutral mucopolysaccharides

A

d. neutral polysaccharides

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10
Q

A section of muscle has been stained with the Verhoeff-van Gieson procedure. Microscopic examination shows blue-black nuclei, pale pink collagen, and unstained muscle fibers. The significance of these results is that the:

a. section was overstained with hematoxylin
b. staining in van Gieson solution was prolonged
c. picric acid was too dilute
d. stain results were as expected

A

c. picric acid was too dilute

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11
Q

A lymph node is stained with a silver method and counterstained with nuclear fast red. After dehydration, there is a film over the entire slide that remains through clearing and coverslipping, The most likely cause is that the:

a. unreacted silver remained on the slide
b. nuclear fast red solution was too concentrated
c. silver solution was contaminated by metal forceps
d. slides were not rinsed with water after counterstaining

A

d. slides were not rinsed with water after counterstaining

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12
Q

Yellow-brown pigment, often found in cardiac muscle and liver cells in increasing amounts with age or debilitated states, is known as:

a. porphyrin
d. hemoglobin
c. lipofuscin
d. melanin

A

c. lipofuscin

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13
Q

Hemosiderin, hemoglobin, and bile pigment are classified as:

a. endogenous pigments
b. artifact pigments
c. exogenous pigments
d. extraneous pigments

A

a. endogenous pigments

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14
Q

The most appropriate hematoxylin solution for nuclear staining in a lengthy procedure that uses several very acidic solutions is one that is mordanted with:

a. aluminum
b. iron
c. iodine
d. tungsten

A

b. iron

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15
Q

A modified phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin procedure can be used to demonstrate:

a. endothelial cells
b. glial fibers
c. Nissl substance
d. Schwann cells

A

b.glial fibers

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16
Q

Which of the following is an argyrophil method?

a. Fontana-Masson
b. Gomori-Burtner
c. Grimelius
d. Weigert iron hematoxylin

A

c. Grimelius

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17
Q

In the Bodian technique, interference with primary staining may occur with prolonged treatment in:

a. sodium thiosulfate
b. oxalic acid
c. gold chloride
d. alcohol

A

b. oxalic acid

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18
Q

The staining intensity of eosin is increased in muscle and red blood cells when tissues are fixed in:

a. 10% NBF
b. Zenker solution
c. Carnoy solution
d. Zamboni PAF solution

A

b. Zenker solution

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19
Q

The lab has used all of the supply of aluminum hematoxylin solution. In order to prepare a new solution for immediate use, the solution must be:

a. prepared from hematein
b. air- and light- ripened
c. chemically oxidized
d. made in a small quantity

A

c. chemically oxidized

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20
Q

A commonly used connective tissue procedure that stains collagen blue is:

a. Masson trichrome
b. van Gieson
c. Movat pentachrome
d. aldehyde fuchsin

A

a. Masson trichrome

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21
Q

When using the cresyl echt violet method, Nissl substance and nuclei can be preferentially stained by varying the degree of differentiation and the:

a. alcohol concentration
b. dye concentration
c. staining time
d. solution pH

A

d. solution pH

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22
Q

Muscle that histologically contains cytoplasmic cross-striations and has multiple nuclei located at the edge of the fibers is classified as:

a. smooth
b. visceral
c. skeletal
d. cardiac

A

c. skeletal

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23
Q

A method for demonstrating nucleic acid in which vDNA stains green and RNA stains red, is:

a. Feulgen reaction
b. methyl green- pyronin
c. Masson trichrome
d. Gomori trichrome

A

b. methyl green-pyronin

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24
Q

An effective counterstain following some silver impregnation procedures is:

a. acid fuchsin
b. analine blue
c. picric acid
d. light green

A

d. light green

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25
Q

The Fontana-Masson technique may be used to stain:

a. lipids
b. collagen
c. melanin
d. spirochetes

A

c. melanin

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26
Q

Which of the following is a regressive staining method for determining a connective tissue component?

a. Verhoeff-van Gieson
b. Mallory aniline blue
c. Masson trichrome
d. Wilder Reaction

A

a. Verhoeff-van Gieson

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27
Q

The differentiating solution in the Holzer method for glial fibers is:

a. borax ferricyanide
b. alcohol acetone
c. aniline oil-chloroform
d. alcohol-dioxane

A

c. aniline oil chloroform

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28
Q

Which of the following staining procedures is preferred for demonstrating intracytoplasmic DNA-type viral inclusions in tissue?

a. phloxine-methylene blue
b. Feulgen
c. PTAH
d. Warthin-Starry

A

b. Feulgen

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29
Q

A solvent that is commonly used in oil red O and Sudan black B solutions to prevent loss of lipids during fat staining is:

a. xylene
b. 70% ethanol
c. acetone-ethanol
d. propylene glycol

A

d. propylene glycol

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30
Q

In the Verhoeff- van Gieson technique for demonstrating elastic fibers, the Verhoeff staining solution may be used for a few:

a. hours
b. days
c. weeks
d. months

A

a. hours

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31
Q

A Ziehl-Neelsen procedure is done on a lung granuloma, but no acid-fast organisms are demonstrated. It would be wise to verify the absence of these organisms by using which of the following procedures?

a. Grocott methenamine silver
b. Truant auramine-rhodamine
c. Warthin-Starry
d. Gram

A

b. Truant auramine-rhodamine

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32
Q

Microscopic inspection of a PAS-stained control section for fungi reveals very palely stained fungal organisms, making identification difficult. A likely cause for this problem is the:

a. use of depleted Schiff reagent
b. use of diluted chromic acid solution
c. use of incorrect reducing agent
d. omission of sodium metabisulfite

A

a. use of depleted Schiff reagent

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33
Q

A methyl green-pyronin procedure is done on a formalin fixed section of tissue, but there is no evident RNA. Unless the procedure has been modified for formalin fixation, which of the following fixatives would have given more desirable results in this situation?

a. Bouin
b. Carnoy
c. Zenker
d. Zamboni

A

b. Carnoy

34
Q

Examples of natural dyes are:

a. hematoxylin, eosin, and methylene blue
b. aniline blue, carmine, and hematoxylin
c. crystal violet, methyl green, and indigo
d. hematoxylin, carmine, and indigo

A

d. hematoxylin, carmine, and indigo

35
Q

A chemical that will bleach melanin is:

a. oxalic acid
b. hydrogen peroxide
c. sodium iodate
d. sodium thiosulfate

A

b. hydrogen peroxide

36
Q

Which of the following characteristics of ammoniacal silver solutions may cause tissue sections to wash off during impregnation?

a. osmotic pressure
b. alkalinity
c. concentration
d. temperature

A

b. alkalinity

37
Q

The primary staining solution used in the Schmorl technique contains ferric chloride and potassium:

a. dichromate
b. iodide
c. ferricyanide
d. ferrocyanide

A

c. ferricyanide

38
Q

Which of the following procedures stains fibrin blue, nuclei blue, and collagen red?

a. Gomori aldehyde fuchsin
b. Mallory phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin
c. Gomori one step trichromfe
d. periodic acid Schiff hematoxylin

A

b. Mallory phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin

39
Q

In the Verhoeff-van Gieson technique for demonstrating elastic fibers, the Verhoeff staining solution is:

a. made fresh before each use
b. aged before use
c. satisfactory for use indefinitly
d. satisfactory for use up to one month

A

a. made fresh before each use

40
Q

Microscopic review of a section stained with the Warthin-Starry technique shows spirochetes stained yellow. The most likely cause of this problem is:

a. over oxidizing
b. under developing
c. use of impure reagents
d. improper pH

A

b. under-developing

41
Q

Argentaffin cells found in the epithelium of the stomach and intestines are known as which of the following cells?

a. amphophilic
b. enterochromaffin
c. absorptive
d. Paneth

A

b. enterochromaffin

42
Q

Which of the following substances is used in acid-fast staining procedures to enhance carbol-fuchsin staining and aid in dissolving fuchsin dye?

a. hydrochloric acid
b. methylene blue
c. phenol
d. water

A

c. phenol

43
Q

True epithelial cells lining the ventricles and spinal canal are called:

a. astrocytes
b. oligodendroglia
c. microglia
d. ependymal

A

d. ependymal

44
Q

Solutions of anionic dyes in picric acid are used to demonstrate:

a. reticulin
b. fibrocartilage
c. collagen
d. elastin

A

c. collagen

45
Q

Which of the following pigments can be stained with Sudan black B and carbol fuchsin?

a. bilirubin
b. hemoglobin
c. lipofuscin
d. melanin

A

c. lipofuscin

46
Q

Transitional epithelium refers to:

a. endothelium
b. urothelium
c. mesothelium
d. metaplasia

A

b. urothelium

47
Q

Microscopic evaluation of a Brown and Brenn-stained control section shows the presence of gram-positive organisms, but no gram-negative organisms. This problem is most likely caused by:

a. reduced treatment with iodine
b. prolonged differentiation in Gallego solution
c. overdifferentiation with picric-acid-acetone
d. decreased staining with crystal violet

A

c. overdifferentiation with picric acid-acetone

48
Q

Which of the following elastic stains perform well after any fixative, gives intense black staining of coarse fibers, must be differentiated microscopically, and gives permanent results with little fading?

a. PTAH
b. Verhoeff
c. Weigert
d. Masson

A

b. Verhoeff

49
Q

The addition of thymol crystals to staining solutions used for demonstration of microorganisms serves to:

a. maintain a neutral pH
b. facilitate reagent penetration
c. inhibit mold growth
d. help section adherence

A

c. inhibit mold growth

50
Q

A technique that can be used to demonstrate lipids in paraffin sections is:

a. staining with Sudan IV
b. fixation with osmium tetroxide
c. fixation with potassium dichromate
d. staining with alizarin red S

A

b. fixation with osmium tetroxide

51
Q

The reducing agent in diamine silver procedures for reticulin demonstration is most frequently:

a. formaldehyde
b. hydroquinone
c. pryridine
d. pyrogallol

A

a. formaldehyde

52
Q

The basic component of the central nervous system is the:

a. axon
b. neuron
c. dendrite
d. ganglion

A

b. neuron

53
Q

Which of the following combination of stains will demonstrate both the myelin sheath and nerve fibers?

a. gallocyamine and Bodian
b. Nonidez and Bielschowsky
c. Luxol fast blue and Holmes
d. Sevier-Munger and thionin

A

c. Luxol fast blue and Holmes

54
Q

A silver impregnation technique for demonstrating neurofibrils that uses formalin as a reducing agent is the ___ technique.

a. Hotchkiss-McManus
b. Pal- Weigert
c. Gros-Bielschowsky
d. Gomori-Burtner

A

c. Gros-Bielchowsky

55
Q

The most consistently reliable technique for demonstrating fungi in tissues is the:

a. Gridley
b. Brown and Brenn
c. Grocott methenamine silver
d. Ziehl-Neelson

A

c. Grocott methenamine silver

56
Q

In addition to hematoxylin and potassium or ammonium alum, a traditional solution of Meyer hematoxylin contains:

a. 95% alcohol and glycerol
b. 95% alcohol, glycerol, and acetic acid
c. sodium iodate, chloral hydrate, and acetic acid
d. sodium iodate, chloral hydrate, and citric acid

A

d, sodium iodate, chloral hydrate, and citric acid

57
Q

For light microscopic evaluation it is generally necessary to use special stains to demonstrate fungi in tissues because fungi:

a. can only be seen using silver impregnation
b. are removed in routine staining process
c. stain variably with the H&E procedure
d. are never demonstrated with routine procedure

A

d. are never demonstrated with routine procedure

58
Q

Which of the following staining procedures is most suitable for demonstrating general tissue morphology?

a. periodic acid schiff
b. Verhoeff-van Gieson
c. hematoxylin and eosin
d. Wilder reticulin

A

c. hematoxylin and eosin

59
Q

An example of an exogenous pigment is:

a. argentaffin
b. melanin
c. chromaffin
d. carbon

A

d. carbon

60
Q

The sequence of reaction in the Wilder and Snook ammoniacal silver methods for demonstrating reticulin fibers is:

a. sensitization, oxidation, silver impregnation, reduction
b. oxidation, sensitization, silver impregnation, reduction
c. oxidation, sensitization, reduction, silver impregnation
d. sensitization, silver impregnation, oxidation, reduction

A

b. oxidation, sensitization, silver impregnation, reduction

61
Q

The Gomori ammoniacal silver technique for demonstrating reticulin will also demonstrate:

a. small brain capillaries
b. astrocytes
c. nerve fibers
d. myelin

A

a. small brain capilaries

62
Q

The largest portion of the brain is the:

a. medulla
b. midbrain
c. cerebellum
d. cerebrum

A

d. cerebrum

63
Q

Hemosiderin-laden macrophages present in the alveolar spaces in the lung can be distinguished from other pigmented macrophages by staining with:

a. Prussian blue
b. Fouchet reagent
c. silver nitrate
d. azocarmine B

A

a. prussian blue

64
Q

The pigment commonly known as wear-and0tear pigment of brown atrophy is:

a. hemofuchsin
b. ceroid
c. lipofuscin
d. hemosiderin

A

c. lipofuscin

65
Q

To properly classify bone, it may be described as:

a. glial and astrocytes
b. cancellous and compact
c. smooth and striated
d. ground sunstance

A

b. cancellous and compact

66
Q

Melanin is normally found in the:

a. kidney
b. liver
c. skin
d. stomach

A

c. skin

67
Q

A Gram stain has been done on a reactive, inflammatory lymph node, and the background structures are stained intense red, making identification of gram-negative organisms very difficult. This is most likely due to:

a. prolonged staining with basic fuchsin
b. drying following the crystal violet
c. poor differentiation with picric acid-acetone
d. incomplete dehydration and clearing

A

c. poor differentiation with picric-acid-acetone

68
Q

Which of the following acids in an alcoholic solution is most commonly used to differentiate aluminum-hematoxylin stained sections?

a. formic
b. hydrochloric
c. sulfuric
d. acetic

A

d, acetic

69
Q

In the orcinol-new fuchsin technique, elastic fibers stain:

a. blue-black toblack
b. red to reddish brown
c. blue to blue-green
d. deep violet tinged with brown

A

d. deep violet tinged with brown

70
Q

Which of the following is a metachromatic stain used for identifying neurons and neuroglial cells?

a. aniline blue
b. Luxol fast blue
c. toluidine blue
d. Giemsa

A

c. toluidine blue

71
Q

Connective tissue proper refers to tissue composed of:

a. spongy, cancellous, and cortical bone
b. hyaline and fibrocartilage
c. hematopoietic bone marrow
d. collagen, reticulin, and elastin

A

d. collagen, reticulin, and elastin

72
Q

A staining method used to demonstrate microglia is:

a. Bielschowsky
b. Luxol fast blue
c. Del Rio-Hertega
d. Cajal

A

c. Del Rio-Hertega

73
Q

The purpose of iodine in Gram procedure for staining bacteria is to:

a. make cell walls of the bacteria permeable
b. form a dye lake with crystal violet
c. decolorize crystal violet
d. inactivate bacteria

A

b. form a dye lake with crystal violet

74
Q

The terms “squamous”, “cuboidal”, and “columnar” describe cells that have their origin in which tissue?

a. connective
b. muscle
c. epithelial
d. bone

A

c. epithelial

75
Q

The atomic grouping with a dye that gives it its color is called a(n):

a. auxochrome
b. chromogen
c. chromophore
d. lake

A

c. chromophore

76
Q

In which of the following staining methods for nerve fibers is hydroquinone used?

a. Mallory
b. Weil
c. Bodian
d. Holzer

A

c. Bodian

77
Q

The reagent used for adjusting pH to 3.4 in the Gomori trichrome stain solution for use on frozen sections of muscle is 1N:

a. HCl
b. NH4OH
c. HNO3
d. NaOH

A

d. NaOH

78
Q

The purpose of classifying bacteria as either gram-positive or gram-negative is to:

a. differentiate between cocci and bacilli
b. determine susceptibility of organisms for certain treatment
c. eliminate the need for certain culture of organisms
d. allow definitive identification for M. tuberculosis

A

b. determine susceptibility of organisms to certain treatment

79
Q

Which of the following chemicals is used as both a mordant and a differentiator in the Heidenhain hematoxylin procedure for demonstrating amebae?

a. mercuric chloride
b. chromium aluminum sulfate
c. aluminum ammonium sulfate
d. ferric ammonium sulfate

A

d. ferric ammonium sulfate

80
Q

Fixation of tissues for 2 weeks in which of the following will most likely impair nuclear staining?

a. NBF
b. Zenker solution
c. paraformaldehyde
d. glyoxal

A

b. Zenker

81
Q

A researcher wishes to differentiate the different types of granulocytes in tissue section. The stain of choice is a ____ stain.

a. Gram
b. acid-fast
c. Romanowsky
d. silver impregnation

A

c. Romanowsky

Htl (2 decks)

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