Staging and Grading for Breast Cancer Flashcards
What type of staging is used for breast cancer?
TNM
How many T stages are there?
T0-T4
What does T0 mean?
No tumour
What does T1 mean?
< 2cm
What does T2 mean?
2-5cm
What does T3 mean?
> 5cm
What does T4 mean?
Extension to skin, chest wall or both
How many N stages are there?
N0-N3
What does N0 mean?
No nodes
What does N1 mean?
Mobile nodes / 1-3 nodes
What does N2 mean?
Fixed nodes / > 3 nodes
What does N3 mean?
Involvement of the ipsilateral internal mammary nodes
How many M stages are there?
M0-M1
What does M0 mean?
No distant metastases
What does M1 mean?
Metastases demonstratable
Grading is a measure of what?
Tumour differentiation
If a breast cancer was very similar to parent tissue, how would this be described? What would be its prognosis?
Well differentiated, low grade, good prognosis
If a breast cancer was very different to parent tissue, how would this be described? What would be its prognosis
Poorly differentiated, high grade, poor prognosis
The grade of a tumour is worked out from objective assessment of which 3 things?
Tubular differentiation, nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic activity
For each area of assessment for grading, what can each score?
1-3 points
A score of 3-5 suggests what grade of breast cancer?
Grade 1
A score of 6-7 suggests what grade of breast cancer?
Grade 2
A score of 8-9 suggests what grade of breast cancer?
Grade 3
