Stages Of Sleep Flashcards
Which stages are slow-wave sleep (SWS)?
3 and 4
What happens to the brain waves in stages 1 and 2?
Beta waves change to alpha and theta waves
Who found strong empirical evidence for the five stages of sleep?
Dement and Kleitman
What percentage of participants recalled dreams during NREM in Dement and Kleitman’s study?
7%
What adaptive mechanisms did researchers find in infants sleep patterns?
Daytime sleeping - so parents can do their chores
50% REM - to aid brain growth and development to prepare them for the large amount of learning
Describe the sleeping pattern of an infant (3)
16-20 hours
Not continuous (wake up every pm hour or so)
50%
In Dement and Kleitman’s research what percentage recalled dreams during REM?
80-90%
What is REM sleep also known as and why?
Paradoxical sleep
Because the body is paralysed whilst the brain and eyes are awake
Explain the cultural bias evaluation for lifespan changes in sleep
In some countries, adult nap during the afternoon.
However only 42% of Greeks adopt this polyphasic sleeping pattern (Brobely)
Describe the sleeping patterns of a child
12 hours
More likely to develop parasomnia
30% REM
How did Foulkes criticise Dement and Kleitman’s research?
Dreams a are subjective and therefore recall can be affected. Muddled thoughts and dreamlike experiences can be incorrectly recalled as dreams
Which stages of sleep make up NREM?
1, 2, 3 and 4
How did Curzi Dascalova support babies spending 50% in REM?
He found that premature babies spend 90% in REM –> need more for brain development and growth
Describe the average sleep pattern during adolescence (2)
Phase delay
9-10 hours
Why does the knowledge of sleep lack population validity?
Lack research in middle aged population.
Dement “they’re too busy and have commitments”
Therefore knowledge is limited
What two important processes occur between stages 3 and 4?
Biochemical processes and physiological repair
What’s an advantage of knowing the sleeping patterns of the elderly?
Practical application - can use melatonin to induce sleep and prevent low bone density and Illnesses caused by lack of sleep
Describe the sleep patterns of an adult
8 hours
25% REM
Describe the ‘set-up’ of Dement and Kleitman’s study
9 participants
61 nights
Laboratory
Describe REM sleep
Fast EEG activity
Associated with dreaming
Beta waves
Describe the sleeping patterns of the elderly (8)
20% REM 0-5% deep sleep Difficulty getting to sleep Phase advance Around 8 hours Wake up frequently
