Stages Of Sleep

Question 0

Which stages are slow-wave sleep (SWS)?

Answer 0

3 and 4

Question 1

What happens to the brain waves in stages 1 and 2?

Answer 1

Beta waves change to alpha and theta waves

Question 2

Who found strong empirical evidence for the five stages of sleep?

Answer 2

Dement and Kleitman

Question 3

What percentage of participants recalled dreams during NREM in Dement and Kleitman’s study?

Answer 3

7%

Question 4

What adaptive mechanisms did researchers find in infants sleep patterns?

Answer 4

Daytime sleeping - so parents can do their chores

50% REM - to aid brain growth and development to prepare them for the large amount of learning

Question 5

Describe the sleeping pattern of an infant (3)

Answer 5

16-20 hours
Not continuous (wake up every pm hour or so)
50%

Question 6

In Dement and Kleitman’s research what percentage recalled dreams during REM?

Answer 6

80-90%

Question 7

What is REM sleep also known as and why?

Answer 7

Paradoxical sleep

Because the body is paralysed whilst the brain and eyes are awake

Question 8

Explain the cultural bias evaluation for lifespan changes in sleep

Answer 8

In some countries, adult nap during the afternoon.

However only 42% of Greeks adopt this polyphasic sleeping pattern (Brobely)

Question 9

Describe the sleeping patterns of a child

Answer 9

12 hours
More likely to develop parasomnia
30% REM

Question 10

How did Foulkes criticise Dement and Kleitman’s research?

Answer 10

Dreams a are subjective and therefore recall can be affected. Muddled thoughts and dreamlike experiences can be incorrectly recalled as dreams

Question 11

Which stages of sleep make up NREM?

Answer 11

1, 2, 3 and 4

Question 12

How did Curzi Dascalova support babies spending 50% in REM?

Answer 12

He found that premature babies spend 90% in REM –> need more for brain development and growth

Question 13

Describe the average sleep pattern during adolescence (2)

Answer 13

Phase delay

9-10 hours

Question 14

Why does the knowledge of sleep lack population validity?

Answer 14

Lack research in middle aged population.

Dement “they’re too busy and have commitments”

Therefore knowledge is limited

Question 15

What two important processes occur between stages 3 and 4?

Answer 15

Biochemical processes and physiological repair

Question 16

What’s an advantage of knowing the sleeping patterns of the elderly?

Answer 16

Practical application - can use melatonin to induce sleep and prevent low bone density and Illnesses caused by lack of sleep

Question 17

Describe the sleep patterns of an adult

Answer 17

8 hours

25% REM

Question 18

Describe the ‘set-up’ of Dement and Kleitman’s study

Answer 18

9 participants
61 nights
Laboratory

Question 19

Describe REM sleep

Answer 19

Fast EEG activity
Associated with dreaming
Beta waves

Question 20

Describe the sleeping patterns of the elderly (8)

Answer 20

20% REM
0-5% deep sleep
Difficulty getting to sleep
Phase advance
Around 8 hours
Wake up frequently