Stages Of Cell Division Flashcards
(43 cards)
Which 4 events must occur for cell division
Reproductive signals, replication of DNA, Segregation, Cytokinesis
What is the cells top priority
Protecting the DNA
How does most cancer treatment work
By inhibiting the cell cycle, work by exploiting the cells need to protect DNA. Interfering with the cell cycle can lead to apoptosis.
What is binary fission
Replication of DNA in most prokaryotes
Describe the DNA inside a prokaryotic cell.
One molecule of DNA and it is usually circular
What is the Ori region
Region where replication starts
What is the ter region
Region where replication ends
What does the karyotype mean
Number and appearance of chromosomes.
What is the cell cycle divided into
Mitosis, cytokinesis, interphase
What happens during interphase
Cell nucleus is visible, DNA replication occurs,
When does interphase start
After mitosis ends
Define sister chromatids
Newly replicated chromosomes which are closely associated
What is the structure lf the chromosomes in G1
Single unreplicated structures
What happens to the chromosomes during S phase
DNA Replicates
What happens during G2
Cell prepares for Mitosis
What happens during M Phase
Mitosis and cytokinesis happens
What does the G1 checkpoint do
Checks DNA for damage
What does the S checkpoint do
Checks maturation of DNA complex
What does the G2 M checkpoint do
Checks DNA damage and cell size
What does M checkpoint do
Checks chromosomes are correctly aligned during metaphase
Which molecule acts as a cell cycle checkpoint and in which regulates the cell cycle
Cyclin CDK
If DNA is damaged during G1 what happens
P21 is made which binds to CDK preventing the activation. The cell stops whilst DNA is repaired
What does defective P53 result in
Problems with tumour suppressor gene resulting in the absence of cell control
How does phosphorylation affect a protein function.
Changes the shape and function by changing its electrical charge.
