stages of attachment

Question 1

what are the 4 stages of attachment?

Answer 1

awesome ice skaters move

stage 1 : asocial

stage 2 : indiscriminate attachment

stage 3 : specific attachments

stage 4 : multiple attachments

Question 2

what age is the asocial stage?

Answer 2

0-8 weeks

Question 3

what age is the indiscriminate attachment stag?

Answer 3

2-7 months

Question 4

what age is specific attachments?

Answer 4

7-12 months

Question 5

what age is multiple attachments?

Answer 5

1 year onwards

Question 6

what stages of attachment have no stranger or seperation anxiety?

Answer 6

stage 1 : asocial
stage 2 : indiscriminate attachments

Question 7

in what stage of attachement is seperation and stranger anxiety developed?

Answer 7

stage 3: specific attachments

Question 8

what are the ages of the 4 stages of attachment?

Answer 8

stage 1 asocial : 0-8 weeks

stage 2 indiscriminate attachment: 2-7 months

stage 3 specific attachments: 7-12 months

stage 4 multiple attachments: 1 year onwards

Question 9

what are the characteristics in the asocial stage?

Answer 9

preference for familiar faces

smile at anyone

behaviour between humans and non human objects quite similar

recognise specific faces

happier in presence of of humans than when alone

smile at anyone

Question 10

what are the characteristics of indiscriminate attachment?

Answer 10

recognise and prefer familiar people

accept comfort from any adult

no stranger or seperation anxiety yet

smile more at familiar than unfamiliar faces

preference for people rather than inanimate objects

Question 11

what are the charactertistics in the specific attachments stage?

Answer 11

primary attachment to one particular individual who is the primary attachment figuire (the person who shows most sensitivity to their signals)

shows stranger and seperation anxiety

use familiar adults as a secure base

Question 12

what are characteristics of the multiple attachments stage?

Answer 12

form secondary attachments with familiar adults with people they spend time with e.g dad or grandma

may show seperation anxiety to multiple people

Question 13

what is seperation anxiety?

Answer 13

child shows distress when seperated from certain individuals e.g cry when left by mother

Question 14

what is stranger anxiety?

Answer 14

fear of unfamiliar people
cries when given to unfamiliar people

Question 15

what type of study was shchaffer and emmerson?

Answer 15

longitudinal study

Question 16

what participants were used in shcaffer and emmerson?

Answer 16

60 babies from glasgow working class families

Question 17

what was the procedure of schaffer and emmerson?

Answer 17

mothers were asked to keep a diary of the infants responds to 7 everyday seperation ( self report)
e.g left alone in a room to test seperation anxiety
left in a pram outside of a shop to show seperation anxiety

Question 18

what are the findings of shcaffer and emmerson?

Answer 18

the 4 stages of attachment

Question 19

what are the conclusions of shaffer and emmerson?

Answer 19

if a pattern of attachment is common to all children this suggests some biological control

however environment is also important because attachment forms based on sensetive responsiveness

shaffer and emerson concluded that attachment develops in stages

Question 20

what are the positives of shaffer and emmerson?

Answer 20

has ecological validity

social applications

replicable

no individual differences with babies

Question 21

ecological validity shaffer and emmerson

Answer 21

has ecological validity - babies can be left with strangers in real life and be left alone
so it is generalisable to every day situations as seperation and stranger anxiety can occur on a day to day basis

Question 22

social applications shaffer and emmerson

Answer 22

paternity leave for fathers
uk fathers were not given paternity leave so responsibility of the child was given to the mother. this could change the attachment children make with their fathers

so this research shows importance of paternity leave

Question 23

why is shaffer and emmerson replicable?

Answer 23

repeated many times and the same stages of attachment have been identified

Question 24

no individual differences with babies- shaffer and emmerson

Answer 24

it was a longtitudinal study so babies were compared with themselves over time

Question 25

what are the negatives of shaffer and emmerson?

Answer 25

social desirability bias

lacks population validity

cultural differences

loss of control over exraneous variables

measuring multiple attachments

Question 26

why does shaffer and emmerson have social desirability bias?

Answer 26

the mothers self reported the data so the mother may change or add things to their report to make themselves look like a better parent

Question 27

why does shaffer and emmerson lack population validity?

Answer 27

only working class children from glasgow so it cant generalise to the rest of the population

only 60 participants

Question 28

extrenous variables shaffer and emmerson

Answer 28

loss of control - babies may be crying due to hunger or other factors not due to stranger or seperation anxiety

Question 29

cultural differences - shaffer and emmerson

Answer 29

it isnt clear when children become capable of multiple attachments because research is conflicted.

bowlby suggests babies form attachments to a main carer first whereas research into collectivist cultures suggest that babies form multiple attachments from the outset this is possibly because multiple carers are the norm

Question 30

measuring multiple attachment- shaffer and emmerson

Answer 30

just because a a baby gets distressed when an individual leaves the room does not necessarily mean that the individual is a true attachment figure

bowlby pointed out that children have playmates as well as attachment figures and may get distressed when the playmate leaves the room but this does not signify attachment

this is a problem for shaffer and emmersons stages because their observation doesnt leave a way to distinguish between behaviour shown towards secondary attachment figures and play mates