STAGES OF ATTACHMENT

Question 1

Aim (Schaffer and Emersons study)

Answer 1

Aim: Resarch the changes to attachment between infant/cargiver

Question 2

Findings/why he devolved the stages theory (Schaffer and Emersons study)

Answer 2

Schaffer and Emerson identified 4 distinct stages in the development of attachments.These make up the stage theory

Question 3

Stage 1 (4 Stages of attachment)

Answer 3

Asocial stage- baby’s cant distinguish difference between humans/inanimate(lifeless) objects

However Baby’s does start forming bonds- which are the basis of later attachment

0-2months

Question 4

Stage 2 (4 stages of attachment)

Answer 4

Indiscriminate Attachment-Now show a clear preference for being with humans,
rather than intimate objects

Babies start to display more observable social behaviour

However:babies still accept comfort,from anyone(Indiscriminate)

2-7 months

Question 5

Stage 3 (4 stages of attachment)

Answer 5

Specific attachment:**now formed a specific attachment **
With their primary social figure-person with interacts/responds more to the baby’s signals

Start to show signs of attachments:
1)Sepration anxiety
2)Stranger anxiety

7+MONTHS

Question 6

Stage 4 (4 stages of attachment)

Answer 6

Multiple attachments- start to from attachments with more/multiple people

Who are:Secondary Attachments

10+months

Question 7

P-(strength of Schaffer’s stages of attachment)

Answer 7

Research has high external validity(applicable)

Question 8

E-(strength of Schaffer’s stages of attachment)

Answer 8

For example:most of the observations were made by the cargiver/parent

Instead of researchers who may have made the babies feel anxious/distort their behaviour

Question 9

EE-(strength of Schaffer’s stages of attachment)

Answer 9

THIS MEANS THAT:the babies behaved naturally whilst being observed
(thus why theres high external validity validity)

Question 10

Counterpoint (P) (to a strength of Schaffer and Emersons research)

Answer 10

On the other hand: Mothers participating as the observers creates issues

Question 11

E (counterpoint)- (strength of Schaffer and Emersons resarch)

Answer 11

Mothers may be biased in terms of what they noticed and record
For example:A mother may not notice their baby is showing signs of anxiety

Question 12

EE-(counterpoint) (to a strength of Schaffer and Emerson’s resarch)

Answer 12

This means:even though the baby may behave naturally(good)
Their behaviour may not be accurately recorded (counter-argument)

Question 13

P-(2ND strength of Schaffer ad Emerson’s stages)

Answer 13

The stages have real world applicability

Question 14

E-(2ND strength of Schaffer ad Emerson’s stages)

Answer 14

For example: the stages have been applied to day cares

Starting day care In the asocial(1 stage) and the indiscriminate(2nd stage)
Day care is straightforward(as babies can be comforted by anybody)

Whereas starting in the specific stage(3) day care is problematic(starting day care with an unfamiliar adult/harder to comfort them)

Question 15

EE-(2ND strength of Schaffer ad Emerson’s stages)

Answer 15

This means that:Parents use of day care can be planned better using Schaffer/Emerson’s stages

Question 16

P-(WEAKNESS of Schaffer ad Emerson’s stages)

Answer 16

Low internal validty

Question 17

EE-(WEAKNESS of Schaffer ad Emerson’s stages

Answer 17

As:mothers at over or under exaggerate their babies babies to come off as “good mother”
For example:not recording their babies separation anxiety

Question 18

EE-(WEAKNESS of Schaffer ad Emerson’s stages)

Answer 18

This matters because:it leads to less genuine behaviour, which decreases the credibility
of Schaffer/Emerson’s study