Stages & Functions Flashcards
1
Q
What are the four functions of a group?
A
- Forming
- Storming
- Norming
- Performing
2
Q
What are the major stages of a group?
A
- Initial
- Transition
- Working
- Ending
3
Q
What are the major stages of a group?
A
- Initial
- Transition
- Working
- Ending
4
Q
What are the central processes of the Initial stage?
A
- Orientation & exploration
- Learning how the group functions
- Developing implicit/explicit group norms
- Exploring hopes, fears and assessing safety
- Clarifying expectations and setting personal goals
5
Q
What are the emotional challenges of the Initial stage?
A
- Dealing with ambiguity & tolerating silence
- Identifying & clearing up ‘hidden agendas
- Identifying & sharing own intense feelings
- Accepting rights & responsibilities for members
- Communicating directly but sensitively
6
Q
What are the learning tasks of the Initial Stage?
A
- Learning reflective/active listening
7
Q
What are the learning tasks of the Initial Stage?
A
- Learning reflective/active listening
- Learning to interpret non/para-verbal behaviour
- Improving expressions of empathy
- Learning to give feedback tactfully & tentatively
- Risking self-disclosure & confronting in a caring way
8
Q
What are the critical milestones of the Initial Stage?
A
- Resolving tension, conflict & boredom
- Getting all members to openly express feelings, thoughts & reactions
- Establishing norms & creating group cohesion
- Shifting responsibility more from leader to members
- Continuity and consistency in and between meetings
9
Q
What are the possible problems of the Initial Stage?
A
- Members wait passively for ‘something to happen’
- Members keep their feelings of distrust to themselves
- Members keep themselves ‘vague & unknown’
- Members maintain ‘problem solving/advice giving’ stance
10
Q
What are strategies to progress from the Initial Stage?
A
- Norms that require respect for opinions & feelings of others
- Share reservations & doubts with each other
- Share meaningful aspects of themselves
- Norms for dealing with conflict & differences
- Promote member-to-member interaction
11
Q
What are strategies to progress from the Initial Stage?
A
- Norms that require respect for opinions & feelings of others
- Share reservations & doubts with each other
- Share meaningful aspects of themselves
- Norms for dealing with conflict & differences
- Promote member-to-member interaction
12
Q
What are the central processes for the Transition Stage?
A
- Expressing & ‘working through’ anxiety, defensiveness & resistance
- Confronting/resolving struggles for control
- Dealing with member conflict
- Resolving challenges to the leader
- Openly exploring participant sources of reluctance
13
Q
What are the emotional challenges for the Transition Stage?
A
- Creating emotional connections between members
- Keeping communication simple & direct and taking risks
- Encouraging member disclosure & dropping of hidden agendas
- Getting members to acknowledge and express feelings
14
Q
What are the learning tasks for the Transition Stage?
A
- Learning to express one’s needs in the group
- Learning to comment on behaviour and not use labels
- Learning to express anger/annoyance w/out denigrating
- Learning to confront tactfully & tentatively
- Avoid stereotyping and over-generalizing (transference)
15
Q
What are the critical milestones of the Transition Stage?
A
- Dealing with:
- tranference & countertransference
- resistance by the whole group
- subgroup alliances against others
- Working through individual & group denial
- Correcting ‘images’ of the leader in members’ minds
16
Q
What are the possible problems of the Transition Stage?
A
- Persistent ‘storytelling’
- Monopolizing group time and attention
- Withdrawing in silence and not participating
- Members ‘interrogate’ leader and others
17
Q
What are the learning tasks of the Working Stage?
A
- Learning greater acceptance of who they are as human beings
- Dropping facades and revealing deeper aspects of self
- Translating insight into action
- Confronting with tactfully & tentatively
- Risking self-disclosure and sharing meaningful here-and-now reactions
18
Q
What are the strategies for progressing from the Transition Stage?
A
- Invite silent members to explore what their silences mean
- Inform members who are difficult about how they are affecting others
- Invite members to share how they are affected by problem behaviours
- Educate silent members about the projections likely from other members
- Help monopolizing members explore the dynamic of their behaviours
19
Q
What are the central processes of the Working Stage?
A
- Commitment of members to explore significant problems
- Less leader structure/intervention and more group self-monitoring
- Participants self-initiate and share leadership
- Members offer feedback and encouragement spontaneously
- Further development & solidification of group norms
20
Q
What are the central processes of the Ending Stage?
A
- Expressions of sadness/anxiety over impending separation
- Members ‘pull back’ and participate less intensely
- Expression fears about transferring learning to everyday life
- Expression of hopes, fears and concerns for each other
- Evaluation of overall group experience
21
Q
What are the emotional challenges of the Working Stage?
A
- Ensuring members are both supported and challenged
- Ensuring new behaviours are reinforced in & out of group
- Facilitate discussion of control issues, power struggles and interpersonal conflicts on a deeper level (transference, family of origin issues, etc.)
- Facilitating transfer of learning (outside interpersonal relationships)
22
Q
What are the learning tasks of the Working Stage?
A
- Learning greater acceptance of who they are as human beings
- Dropping facades and revealing deeper aspects of self
- Translating insight into action
- Confronting with tactfully & tentatively
- Risking self-disclosure and sharing meaningful here-and-now reactions
23
Q
What are the critical milestones of the Working Stage?
A
- Establishing & maintaining group cohesion and trust
- Group agreement on goals & action plans to achieve them
- Majority feels sense of inclusion, others invited to be more active
- Freedom to initiate activities or suggest specific topics
- Willing to risk discussing threatening material in order to be known
24
Q
What are the strategies to progress in the Working Stage?
A
- Invite members to disclose what they want to see happen
- Members share what each other can do to improve the group
- Invite member feedback on ways leader can improve
- “If I let you know me, you would judge me by…” (member to member)
- Members tell the most-anticipated ‘judging’ members what they expect
- Gestalt, letters and role-plays on transferences.
25
Q
What are the central processes of the Ending Stage?
A
- Expressions of sadness/anxiety over impending separation
- Members ‘pull back’ and participate less intensely
- Expression fears about transferring learning to everyday life
- Expression of hopes, fears and concerns for each other
- Evaluation of overall group experience
26
Q
What are the emotional challenges of the Ending Stage?
A
- Dealing with separation & transfer of behaviours to ‘outside’
- Reviewing experiences & placing in cognitive frames
- Preventing distancing due to separation anxiety
- Ensure continuation of confidentiality after termination
- Assessing strengths & weaknesses of group experience
27
Q
What are the learning tasks of the Ending Stage?
A
- Active role-playing: Involving members in each others’ transfer of learning
- Preparing for generalizations of learning to everyday life
- Develop specific contracts & homework with members
- Follow-up sessions & sharing difficulties since group
- Reminders to be selective with self-disclosures in the ‘real world’
28
Q
What are the critical milestones of the Ending Stage?
A
- Completing ‘unfinished business’ with other members
- Making individual decisions about changes members want to make
- Assess pre to post group changes in expectations, beliefs, values, etc.
- Assess members’ perceptions on the group and its’ impact on them
- Members plan follow-up session or individual contacts
29
Q
What are the strategies to progress from the Ending Stage?
A
- Encourage members to openly share their feelings about termination
- Create self-directed change programs to facilitate continued behaviours
- Invite members to keep records of changes (journal/progress notes)
- Offer private consultations to individual members who need support
- Schedule individual sessions to see whether member needs & goals met
