STAGES AND NEEDS OF HUMAN LIFE Flashcards
It is a process that begins at birth and does end until death.
Human Growth Development
Life Stages
A. Infancy
- Birth to 1 year
B. Early Childhood
- 1 to 6 years
C. Late Childhood
- 6 to 12 years
D. Adolescence
- 12 to 20 years
E. Early Adulthood
- 20 to 40 years
F. Middle Adulthood
- 40 to 65 years
G. Late Adulthood
- 65 years above
Four Main Types of Growth and Development
- Physical
- Mental
- Social
- Emotional
Refers to body growth and includes height and weight changes, muscle and nerve development, and change in the body organs.
- Physical
Refers to the development of the mind and includes learning how to solve problems. Make judgements, and deal with situations.
- Mental
Refers to interactions and relationship with other people.
- Social
- Refers to feelings and includes dealing with love, hate, joy, fear, and other similar feelings.
- Emotional
- Physical Development: Muscular and Nervous System developments are histrionic.
- Reflex action: Present at birth can allow the infant to respond the environment. Include the Moro, or the startle.
- Muscle coordination:
- At first infants are able to lift the head slightly.
- By 2 months, they can roll form the side to back.
- 4-6 months, they can turn the body completely, grasp stationary objects and with support.
- 6-7, they can crawl on the stomach
- 12 mons- they can walk without assistance and throw small objects.
INFANCY
- Usually have 10 to 12 teeth by the end of the first year.
- Vision: Close vision is good, can readily focus on small objects.
- Sensory: Sensitivity to hot and cold, and hearing.
INFANCY
Emotional Development
- Observed very early in life.
- Newborns show excitement.
- By 4 to 6 months of age, distress, delight, anger, disgust, and fear can often be seen.
- By 12 mons, elation and affection for adults is evident.
INFANCY
Social Development
- Progresses gradually from the self-centeredness concept .
- Stimulation is essential for mental growth .
- Love and security are essential for emotional and social growth.
INFANCY
Physical Development
- Growth is slower than during infancy.
- Skeletal and muscle development helps the child assume a more adult appearance.
- Muscle coordination allows the child to run and move freely.
- By age of 2 or 3, most teeth have erupted, and the digestive system is mature enough to handle most adult foods.
- Between to 4 of age, most children lean to control bladder and vowel movements.
Early Childhood
Mental Development
- Advance rapidly during early childhood.
- Verbal growth progresses from the use of several words at age 1 to a vocabulary of 1,500 to 2,500 words at age 6.
- Two year olds have short attention spans but are interested in many different activities.
- Four year olds ask question frequently.
- By age 6, children are very verbal and want to learn to write and read.
- Memory has developed to the point where the child can make decisions based on both past and present experiences.
Early Childhood
Emotional Development
- Age 1 to 2: Children begin to develop self-awareness.
- Children feel impatience.
- Anger, often forms “Tantrums”.
- From Ages 4 to 6, children understand the concept of right and wrong.
- By age 6, most children also show less anxiety when faced with new experiences.
Early Childhood
Social Development
- Very sociable and usually attached to their parents and they fear any separation.
- Have an interest on others.
- Must be taught to be responsible and must learn how to conform rules.
Early Childhood
Physical Development
- Also called Preadolescence.
- Physical development is slow but steady.
- Muscle coordination is well developed.
- Primary teeth are lost, and permanent teeth erupt.
- Eyes are well developed, and acuity is at its best.
- Ages 10-12, sexual maturation may begin in some children.
LATE CHILDHOOD
Mental Development
- Increases rapidly because much of the child’s life centers around school.
- Speech Skills develop more completely.
- Memory become more complex.
- They begin to understand more abstract concepts.
- More active thinking and become more adept at making judgement.
LATE CHILDHOOD
Emotional Development
- Greater indecency and more distinct personality.
- At age of 6, children often frightened and uncertain as they begin school.
- Fears are replaced by the ability to cope.
- Emotions are slowly brought under control and dealt with in a more effective manner.
- By ages 10-12, sexual maturity and changes in body functions lead to periods of depression followed by periods of joy.
- Emotional changes can cause children be restless, anxious, and difficult to understand.
LATE CHILDHOOD
Physical Development
- Muscle coordination does not advance quickly.
- Awkwardness and clumsiness in motor coordination.
- A sudden “Growth spurt” can cause rapid increase in weight and height.
- Development of sexual organs.
- Secretion of sex hormones leads to the onset of menstruation in girls and the production of sperm and semen in boys.
ADOLESCENCE
Emotional Development
- Trying to establish identities and independence.
- Worried of their appearance, abilities, relationship and others.
- Respond more and more to peer group influences.
- Gain more control of their feelings and become more mature emotionally.
ADOLESCENCE
Social Development
- Usually involves spending less time with family and more time with peer groups.
- Attempt to develop self-identity and independence.
- Need reassurance, support, and understanding.
- Many problems that develop during this life stage can be traced t the conflict and feelings of experience.
ADOLESCENCE
Physical Development
- Most productive life stage.
- Physical development basically is complete.
- Prime childbearing time and usually produces the healthiest babies.
- Both men and female sexual development is at peak.
EARLY ADULTHOOD
Mental Development
- Formal education continues for many years.
- Young adult often deals with independence, career decision-making.
- Select a paternal partners.
EARLY ADULTHOOD
Emotional Development
- Involves preserving the stability established during previous stage.
- Subjected to many emotional stresses related to career, marriage, family and other situation.
- If emotional structure is strong, they can cope with these worries.
- They find satisfaction in their achievements for their actions.
EARLY ADULTHOOD
