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PH 104 > STAGES AND NEEDS OF HUMAN LIFE > Flashcards

STAGES AND NEEDS OF HUMAN LIFE Flashcards

1
Q

It is a process that begins at birth and does end until death.

A

Human Growth Development

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2
Q

Life Stages

A

A. Infancy
- Birth to 1 year
B. Early Childhood
- 1 to 6 years
C. Late Childhood
- 6 to 12 years
D. Adolescence
- 12 to 20 years
E. Early Adulthood
- 20 to 40 years
F. Middle Adulthood
- 40 to 65 years
G. Late Adulthood
- 65 years above

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3
Q

Four Main Types of Growth and Development

A
  1. Physical
  2. Mental
  3. Social
  4. Emotional
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4
Q

Refers to body growth and includes height and weight changes, muscle and nerve development, and change in the body organs.

A
  1. Physical
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5
Q

Refers to the development of the mind and includes learning how to solve problems. Make judgements, and deal with situations.

A
  1. Mental
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6
Q

Refers to interactions and relationship with other people.

A
  1. Social
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7
Q
  • Refers to feelings and includes dealing with love, hate, joy, fear, and other similar feelings.
A
  1. Emotional
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8
Q
  • Physical Development: Muscular and Nervous System developments are histrionic.
  • Reflex action: Present at birth can allow the infant to respond the environment. Include the Moro, or the startle.
  • Muscle coordination:
  • At first infants are able to lift the head slightly.
  • By 2 months, they can roll form the side to back.
  • 4-6 months, they can turn the body completely, grasp stationary objects and with support.
  • 6-7, they can crawl on the stomach
  • 12 mons- they can walk without assistance and throw small objects.
A

INFANCY

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9
Q
  • Usually have 10 to 12 teeth by the end of the first year.
  • Vision: Close vision is good, can readily focus on small objects.
  • Sensory: Sensitivity to hot and cold, and hearing.
A

INFANCY

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10
Q

Emotional Development
- Observed very early in life.
- Newborns show excitement.
- By 4 to 6 months of age, distress, delight, anger, disgust, and fear can often be seen.
- By 12 mons, elation and affection for adults is evident.

A

INFANCY

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11
Q

Social Development
- Progresses gradually from the self-centeredness concept .
- Stimulation is essential for mental growth .
- Love and security are essential for emotional and social growth.

A

INFANCY

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12
Q

Physical Development
- Growth is slower than during infancy.
- Skeletal and muscle development helps the child assume a more adult appearance.
- Muscle coordination allows the child to run and move freely.
- By age of 2 or 3, most teeth have erupted, and the digestive system is mature enough to handle most adult foods.
- Between to 4 of age, most children lean to control bladder and vowel movements.

A

Early Childhood

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13
Q

Mental Development
- Advance rapidly during early childhood.

  • Verbal growth progresses from the use of several words at age 1 to a vocabulary of 1,500 to 2,500 words at age 6.
  • Two year olds have short attention spans but are interested in many different activities.
  • Four year olds ask question frequently.
  • By age 6, children are very verbal and want to learn to write and read.
  • Memory has developed to the point where the child can make decisions based on both past and present experiences.
A

Early Childhood

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14
Q

Emotional Development
- Age 1 to 2: Children begin to develop self-awareness.

  • Children feel impatience.
  • Anger, often forms “Tantrums”.
  • From Ages 4 to 6, children understand the concept of right and wrong.
  • By age 6, most children also show less anxiety when faced with new experiences.
A

Early Childhood

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15
Q

Social Development
- Very sociable and usually attached to their parents and they fear any separation.
- Have an interest on others.
- Must be taught to be responsible and must learn how to conform rules.

A

Early Childhood

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16
Q

Physical Development
- Also called Preadolescence.

  • Physical development is slow but steady.
  • Muscle coordination is well developed.
  • Primary teeth are lost, and permanent teeth erupt.
  • Eyes are well developed, and acuity is at its best.
  • Ages 10-12, sexual maturation may begin in some children.
A

LATE CHILDHOOD

17
Q

Mental Development
- Increases rapidly because much of the child’s life centers around school.

  • Speech Skills develop more completely.
  • Memory become more complex.
  • They begin to understand more abstract concepts.
  • More active thinking and become more adept at making judgement.
A

LATE CHILDHOOD

18
Q

Emotional Development
- Greater indecency and more distinct personality.

  • At age of 6, children often frightened and uncertain as they begin school.
  • Fears are replaced by the ability to cope.
  • Emotions are slowly brought under control and dealt with in a more effective manner.
  • By ages 10-12, sexual maturity and changes in body functions lead to periods of depression followed by periods of joy.
  • Emotional changes can cause children be restless, anxious, and difficult to understand.
A

LATE CHILDHOOD

19
Q

Physical Development
- Muscle coordination does not advance quickly.

  • Awkwardness and clumsiness in motor coordination.
  • A sudden “Growth spurt” can cause rapid increase in weight and height.
  • Development of sexual organs.
  • Secretion of sex hormones leads to the onset of menstruation in girls and the production of sperm and semen in boys.
A

ADOLESCENCE

20
Q

Emotional Development
- Trying to establish identities and independence.

  • Worried of their appearance, abilities, relationship and others.
  • Respond more and more to peer group influences.
  • Gain more control of their feelings and become more mature emotionally.
A

ADOLESCENCE

21
Q

Social Development
- Usually involves spending less time with family and more time with peer groups.

  • Attempt to develop self-identity and independence.
  • Need reassurance, support, and understanding.
  • Many problems that develop during this life stage can be traced t the conflict and feelings of experience.
A

ADOLESCENCE

22
Q

Physical Development
- Most productive life stage.

  • Physical development basically is complete.
  • Prime childbearing time and usually produces the healthiest babies.
  • Both men and female sexual development is at peak.
A

EARLY ADULTHOOD

23
Q

Mental Development
- Formal education continues for many years.

  • Young adult often deals with independence, career decision-making.
  • Select a paternal partners.
A

EARLY ADULTHOOD

24
Q

Emotional Development
- Involves preserving the stability established during previous stage.

  • Subjected to many emotional stresses related to career, marriage, family and other situation.
  • If emotional structure is strong, they can cope with these worries.
  • They find satisfaction in their achievements for their actions.
A

EARLY ADULTHOOD

25
Q

Social Development
- Involves moving away from peer group and tend to associate with others who have similar ambitions and interests, regardless of age

A

EARLY ADULTHOOD

26
Q

Physical Development
- The hair tends to grey and thin, the skin begins wrinkle, muscle tone tends to decrease, hearing loss starts, visual acuity declines.

  • Females experience menopause or decrease hormone production that causes physical and emotional changes.
  • Males also experience a slowing of hormone production. (Male Climaceric)
A

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

27
Q

Mental Development
- Mental ability can continue to increase.

  • Acquired understanding of life and have learned to cope with many stresses.
A

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

28
Q

Emotional Development
- Period of contentment and satisfaction or a time of crisis.

  • Stress created by job, fear of aging, loss of youth and vitality.
  • Emotional feeling can contribute to their illness.
A

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

29
Q

Social Development
- Work relationships frequently replace family.
- Friendship are usually with people who have the same interest and lifestyles.

A

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

30
Q

Physical Development
- Physical development is on the decline.

  • Much attention has been directed.
  • All the body systems are usually affected.
  • Bones are more brittle and porous and more likely to fracture or break.
  • Cartilage between the vertebrae this can lead to a stooping posture.
A

LATE ADULTHOOD

31
Q

Mental Development
- Some elderly remains alert and well oriented.

  • Short term memory is usually first to decline.
  • Many elderly can clearly remember events that occurred 20 years ago, but no longer remember yesterday’s event.
A

LATE ADULTHOOD

32
Q

Emotional Development
- Some elderly can cope well with stresses and remain happy and able to enjoy life.

  • Others become lonely, frustrated, withdrawn and anxious.
  • The adjustments that the individual makes during this life stage are similar to those made throughout life.
A

LATE ADULTHOOD

33
Q

Social Development
- Social adjustment also occurs.

  • Retirement can lead to loss of self-esteem.
  • Needs of this life stage are the same as those of all other stages.
A

LATE ADULTHOOD

PH 104 (3 decks)

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