stage Lighting Final Flashcards
1
Q
Center Line
A
- Divides the Proscenium Arch and Performance Space in Half
- Runs perpendicular to the Proscenium Arch
- Written as ‘CL’
2
Q
Plaster Line
A
Runs along the US Edge of the Proscenium Arch
- Seperates Stage from House (but most stages extend beyond Plaster Line)
- written as ‘PL’
3
Q
Zero-Zero
A
-Intersection of CL and PL
-Bases for all measurements in the theatre
-imagine an X and Y axis grid. This is the Origin Point
Some call this Center-Center. Others not so much
4
Q
electricity
A
a form of energy characterized by the pressemce and mortion of elementary charged particles generated by friction, induction, or chemical change and having magnetic and radiant effects
5
Q
light
A
a form of radiant energy that stimulates visual perception
6
Q
Power Formula
A
W=VA (Watts equals Volts times Amps)
Also could be V=W/A or A=W/V
using alternative symbols: P=IE (W=AV)
p=power, I=intensity, E=electromotive force
most commonly used for formula for our work
7
Q
Ohm’s Law
A
V=IR (volts equals mps times Ohms)
As voltage increases, current increases. As resistance increases, current decreases.
Also could be: I=V/R or R=V/I
8
Q
parts of an electrical system
A
source, circuit, load
9
Q
complete circuit
A
for a circuit to be closed and for current to flow, the circuit must connect from the source to both sides of the load
10
Q
Parallel Circuit
A
each load recieves full voltage
circuit is still closed if one lamp is out
11
Q
series circuit
A
all loads share full voltage
circuit is open if one lamp is out
12
Q
combination circuit
A
looks like a parallel circuit
includes a switch and a fuse/circuit breaker
13
Q
voltage
A
volt, V or E
the potential to push or pull the electrons away from their binding atoms. A difference in electrical potential
14
Q
Current
A
Amp, A or I
the measure of the flow of electrical charges. What we understand as electricity
15
Q
resistance
A
Ohm, R or Omega
the oppostition to the flow of electrical current
16
Q
power
A
wass, W or P
the measure of the rate at which work is being done
17
Q
proscenium
A
audience completely seperate from stage, very traditional style, 4th wall (like a movie camera), proscenium Arch
18
Q
thrust
A
stage protrudes into audience, more intimate style, audience on 3 sides of stage, still has a stage house, but isn’t used for much action
19
Q
Arena/Round
A
audience surrounds stage, very intimate style, will be looking at some performer’s backs some of the time
20
Q
flexible/blackbox
A
various possible seaying arrangments, sometimes old buildings repurposed into theatres
21
Q
Arena/Runway
A
audience on two sides of a wide and shallow stage
22
Q
environmental/found space
A
loose interpretation of theatre space, sometimes audience and performers occupy the same space
23
Q
leg
A
vertical piece of masking that keeps audience from seeing into wing SL or SR
also called tormenter
tab is a leg that us hung US/DS
24
Q
border
A
horiz piece of masking that keeps audience from seeing the grid or into the flys
also called teaser
25
Valance
Most DS Border
| usually elaborately decorated or same color as main curtain
26
house curtain
main curtain, just US of proscenium
keeps audience from seeing scenery before show starts
can be used to mask scene changes
also called main rag
27
backdrop
keeps audience from seeing the back wall of theatre
can be painted to represent scenery, sky, etc
cyclorama=backdrop that is not painted, or is painted whit/light blue
aslo called cyc
28
in 1, in 2, etc
combination of leg, border, and sometimes tab
makes a SL/SR alley
scenes are sometimes played in 1, with a scene change happening behind
29
Single phase Color Wiring
Hot-Black
Neutral- White
Ground- Green
Hot serves as circuit for current flow, neutral serves as circuit for current return. ground serves as safety valve in case of short circuit. in alternating current, hot and neutral switch roles as polarity switches
30
three phase wiring
```
hot 1-black
hot 2- red
hot 3-blue
neutral-white/gray
ground-green, green/yellow
```
three hot wires, or phases, share a common neutral
31
parts of a lamp
bulb, filament, base
32
insulators
rubber, glass, wood, dry air
33
conductors
silver, gold, copper, aluminum, iron, mercury, carbon, water
34
Stepladders
* One side can be walked on and one side is not supposed to be walked on
* Not supposed to walk on top set or second to the top
35
Extension Ladder
* Two sections
* One sided
* Meant to be leaned against a wall
* Base section and fly section
36
Trestle ladder or A-Frame ladder
* Free standing ladder but middle ladder can be lifted up, A frame
* Same idea as the extension ladder but doesn’t need to be leaned against a wall
37
Extension Trestle ladder
* Two trestle ladeers with a lader inbetween
| * Scaffold in between, or plank across, more space
38
Scaffolding
* Walk board
* Not too high
* Work service
39
Personal Lift
* “genie lift” name brand
* automated
* basket to hold one person
* someone has to push you t move and not safe to move if someone is in it
40
Scissor lift
* Like “genie lift” but has a walk board lift like the scaffold
* Driveable, forward, backword
* Driveable from up high
41
Focus Track with Bosun’s Chair
• Person can travel all the way across to focus lights and not need to move a ladder to get to all the lights
42
• Four way screw driver
```
o Plus sign-phillips tip
o Slotted (minus signe) Not called flat head
```
43
• Insulated screwdriver
o Allows you from being shocked when working with a live load
44
• Mini/Precision Drivers
```
o Eye glass screwdrivers
o Delicate work
o Benefit-spinning back side
• Resting in palm of hand and can turn it using your fingers
• Come in slotted and Phillips heads
```
45
o Allen Wrenches
• Six sided wrench (Hexagonal)
46
• Tape measure
o Measure distances
| o Can tie off to belt
47
o Scale rule
* Helps measure scaled down drawings
| * Helps you read it in different scales
48
o Flat tape
• Longer distances
49
o Sharpies and highlighters
• Helps to mark and highlight light plot- paperwork
50
o Silver Sharpie
• Cant write with black sharpie so you can use silver
51
• LED flashlight
o Sturdy
| o Don’t break if you drop it
52
• Headlamp
o Hands free
53
• Multi Meter
o These can be used to measure continuity, measuring resistance and if there is a complete circuit
o Can also measure voltage coming out of a wall
o Touch with one of the ends
54
• Clamp Meter
o Clamp opens when press a button, and allows you to clamp around it, don’t have to touch it
o Measures the electro magnetic field
o Tells you how much current is going through
o Can see if current is flowing
55
• Circuit Tester
o Chirps and has a light to tell you if there is hot power
| o Tells you when there is juice
56
• Electrical Tape
```
o Plastic tape
o Tear able
o Pliable and flexible
o Comes in different colors
o Use it for color coding
```
57
• Gaffer’s Tape
o Fabric tape, woven fabric
o Tears on a grain
o Strong tape
o Tape wires down, used for safety, lots of purposes
o 2 inch is most common size but comes in diff sizes
o different colors
o Gaffer- a person who does all the wiring and electrical stuff in movies
o Doesn’t leave sticky residue
58
• Spike Tape
o Marking on a stage
o Thin roll of gaf tape
o Many colors
59
• Glow Tape
o Plastic tape
o Glows
o Used for spiking things that are in the dark
60
• Blackwrap
o Black aluminum foil
o Used by electricians where a lot of light is bleeding out of it
o Can take high heat
o Can wrap around to change the way the light is pointing
o Used to manipulate light
61
• Blacktak
o Like blackwrap but its sticky on one side
o Foil that’s adhesive on one side
o Used to stick to the light
62
law of reflection
angle of reflection=angle of incidence
63
types of theatrical reflectors
spherical- half circle
parabolic- crescent moon
ellipsoidal- half oval
64
refraction
light goes at an angle, then where the glass is it refracts the beam, or make the steepness a little less, then the light travels at the same steepness but does not match directly up with the original place of beam, but same steepness
65
basic lens shaped
convex-football shaped
concave-hour glass
plano convex-half circle
66
light passing through a plano-convex lens
source, A B C D-focal length in fourth lens, convergence point, even spread out
67
light passing through theatrical lenses
focal length- two lenses close facing in towards each other, focal length is line between two. then point of convergence at end
68
step+Fresnel Lens
!
69
reflection vs. Refraction
refection- The act of reflecting or the state of being reflected.Something, such as light, radiant heat, sound, or an image, that is reflected.
refraction-The turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different optical density.
70
lighthouse fresnel light
fresnel lens makes it so that the light shoot straight out completely from one end to the other
71
light path in an ellipsoidal reflector spotlight
primary focal point (first point where te light comes together), shutters, gobo, secondary focal point (second point where all the light comes together) axis (dotted line through the picture horiz)
72
plug
male end, has conductors protruding from plug
73
receptacle
female end, conductors are not exposed
74
wire
length of insulated copper
75
"pins to power"
illustrates that plug ends always points toward the source of voltage. works the same as data cables (sound, DMX)
dangerous to have double pug cable
pointless to have double receptacle cable
76
cable direction
"pins to power", dangerous to have double-plug cable, pointless to have double-receptacle cable
77
stage pin
theatrical standard, 2Pins plus Ground
| Neutral and ground pin close together, hot pin farther away
78
edison
common, household style in USA
ground-half circle hole
Hot- shorter rectangle hole
Neutral- longer rectangle hole
79
twistlock
older theatrical style
ground- half circle with rectangle pointed in, diff looking
neutral- thinner and shorter
hot- thicker and longer
80
jumper
extension cord
81
multi-cable
bundled cables are easier to run and maintain
sometimes called 'mult' or 'socapex' or 'soco'
break=in vs. break-out
82
feeder
typically CamLock, used to connect dimmers to AC Service
| heavy duty, thick copper, three phase power
83
two-fer
or three-fer, different ends
| can plug two loads into one source
84
rheostat dimmer
wall switch/dimmer
mechanical dimming
inefficient because of heat loss
85
silicon controlled rectifier dimmer
the cards we pulled out in class in blackbox
86
DMX
Digital Multiplex
- Speaks to dimmers, 5 pins means its for lighting,
- looks like microphone but that has three pins,can transmit 512 bits of data
- 512 dimmers can be controlled at any given time, each dimmer takes one channel, moving lights take thirty bits of data, light board is source, pins go toward the console, set dimmer levels, and recording them in certain times, recordable console, lighting consoles have sliders
87
CamLock
used on feeder cable- colored wires
88
adaptor
goes from one style to another
89
dimmers
regulates the voltage applies to a lamp thereby regulating the current supplied. And with less current, less work can be done
voltage can be regulated manually or electronically
modern dimmers are scr style (silicon controlled rectifier
SCR dimmers switch on and off at a variable rate therefore regulating the voltage
more efficient than old style dimmers, which absorb part of the voltage, converting it to heat
90
rheostat
wall switch/dimmer
mechanical dimming
inefficient because of heat loss
91
silicon controlled rectifier dimmer
the thing we pulled out in class, looks like DJ booth
92
Standing end- the long end
* the part not knotted. That standing part lies between the standing end and the knot
* Part not working with
* Part not knotted
93
Tail-short end
* Part that gets knotted
* Running end
* Working end
94
Loop
```
• Made when a rope forms partial circle with the ends crossing each other
• Overhand loop
o Tail over the standing end
• Underhand loop
o Tail under the standing end
```
95
Bight
• Made by folding a piece of rope so that two parts lie alongside each other. When tied near the rope’s end, the parts will be the tail lying beside the standing end
96
Elbow
* Two crossing points created by an extra twist in a loop
| * A double loop
97
Turn
* One pass of the rope round or through an object
| * Ends end up in different directions
98
Round turn
* Two passes of a rope round an object-to completely encircle it
* Both ends end up in the same direction
99
o Bend
joins two ropes or lines together
100
• Square knot, bowline, half knot
Bend- joins two ropes or lines together
Square knot, bowline, half knot
Bowline
• Makes a slip free loop
• Good for attaching to handle or carabineers
• Loop, bunny through the hole, behind back of tree, then back through the hole, tighten
101
o Hitch
• Attaches a rope to something, like a hitching post, dock, anchor, cleat
102
• Clove hitch
o Needs to be tied around something
o Good for tying cable to pipe
o Slip free version of half hitch
o Around, crossing turn, then around, then through the cross
103
• Belaying knot (Cleat hitch)
o Ties off a standing end under load
| o Used in old theatres for rigging to keep scenery in the air
104
o Stopper knot
• A knot in the end of a rope, used to prevent fraying or to prevent the end passing through a hole
105
• Figure 8 knot
o Basic stopper hitch
| o Used to keep the tail from slipping through another knot or hole
106
AnimatedKnots.com
!
107
hue
the name of the color
what makes red red, blue blue
determined by position on electromagnetic spectrum (size of wave energy)
108
6 basic hues
rainbow
| red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple
109
colors in pigment
pigment refers to color in matter, something physical (fabric, paint, skin)
110
Colors in Light
light refers to color as energy. light is non tangible
111
primary colors of light
red green blue, cant mix a primary
112
primary colors of pigment
red, yellow, blue, can't mix primary colors
113
secondary colors
secondary colors (orange, green, purple or violet) equal parts of two primariesprimary colors of pigment (red, yellow, blue) can't mix primary colors
114
value
the relative lightness or darkness of a hue or mixed color
115
tint
hue mixed with white (lighter colors)
116
shade
hue mixes with black (darker colors)
117
chroma
the purity or intensity of a color
the more you mix hues, the less chromatic the mixed color becomes. chromatic colors tend to be bright and vivid. mixed hues tend to gray out each other.
118
chroma-complimentary colors
complementary colors are opposite each other on the color wheel. they pop against each other. think of sports team colors, or christmas
119
red pigment
green pigment
120
orange pigment
blue pigment
121
yellow pigment
purple pigment
122
what happens when you mix complementary colors
turns to neutral gray
123
green light
magenta light
124
cyan light
red light
125
blue light
yellow light
126
additive color mixing
two or more sources, mixing colors toward white. all colors of light equals white light. sun is our reference white.
127
subtractive color mixing
two or more filters with one source, mixing color toward black. absence of color equals black
128
red light and blue light make
magenta light
129
blue light and green light make
cyan light
130
red light and green light make
yellow light
131
red, green, blue light make
white light
132
magenta and yellow light make
red light
133
cyan and yellow light make
green light
134
magenta and cyan light make
blue light
135
cyan, yellow, and magenta make
black light
136
does dimming your light preserve energy
no
137
lighting board language
Sturdy and robust language
• Doesn’t fail often
• Sturdy cable
• Digital and physically reliable
138
submaster
any group of channels put into a submaster
• a whole group of dimmers
usually used for work and house lights
139
group
does not have a physical slider but is similar to a submaster
shortcut for lightcues
groups: you can go back and edit the cues, you can’t do that with submaster
140
cues
a snapshot of the levels on the stage and giving it a cue number
• Can go back during performance and play those cues
141
spilt-fade
allows slights coming up at one time and lights going down at another time, different time but same cue
142
closer the fresnel lens is to the lens
the larger it will make the explosion of light
143
how to put a gobo in
upside down and backwards
144
dimmer
the actual physical dimmer sitting in the back of the theatre. Regulates light, this is the actual physical dimmer backstage
145
patching channel
reorganizing the dimmer to make them be in the order of channels you want
146
Two ways to make changes
• Live is during the show seeing it, seeing the changes your making directly
• Blind is programming on the consule with out seeing it on the stage
Can look at next cue, not happening live, but programming for a different part of the show
Pre programming
147
2 scene set board
* series of handles, two long rows
* manually setting
* each row represent each dimmer between the theatre
* when one row is in play, your setting the other row for the next light level and cues
148
channel
number or handle in which you have on the console
149
what should you keep away from lighting consules
graphite! including pencils, conductors
150
Standing end
the long end
* the part not knotted. That standing part lies between the standing end and the knot
* Part not working with
* Part not knotted
151
tail-short end
* Part that gets knotted
* Running end
* Working end
152
Loop
```
with the ends crossing each other
• Overhand loop
o Tail over the standing end
• Underhand loop
o Tail under the standing end
```
153
Elbow
* Two crossing points created by an extra twist in a loop
| * A double loop
154
Turn
* One pass of the rope round or through an object
| * Ends end up in different directions
155
Round turn
* Two passes of a rope round an object-to completely encircle it
* Both ends end up in the same direction
156
square not
o Bend- joins two ropes or lines together
| • Square knot, bowline, half knot
157
bowline
* Makes a slip free loop
* Good for attaching to handle or carabineers
* Loop, bunny through the hole, behind back of tree, then back through the hole, tighten
158
Hitch
• Attaches a rope to something, like a hitching post, dock, anchor, cleat
Clove hitch, belaying knot
159
clove hitch
o Needs to be tied around something
o Good for tying cable to pipe
o Slip free version of half hitch
o Around, crossing turn, then around, then through the cross
160
belaying knot (cleat hitch)
o Ties off a standing end under load
| o Used in old theatres for rigging to keep scenery in the air
161
stopper knot
• A knot in the end of a rope, used to prevent fraying or to prevent the end passing through a hole
Figure 8 knot, over hand knot
162
figure 8 knot
o Basic stopper hitch
| o Used to keep the tail from slipping through another knot or hole
163
when labeling a light you...
write it in bottom right corner
• Diffusion- write it in top right corner so they aren’t overlapped when put over another light
• China marker used to write
• Underline the number so that you know what way the number/letters face
164
lavendar
neutral color- made out of blue (cool) and red (hot)
165
Theatrical Gel
• Made out of polyester
• Three main manufacturers that we use in the theatre
o Rosco- R, ex R02
o Lee- L, ex L100
o GAM (great American market)- G, ex G510
• Sheet- 20” by 24”
• Roll- 25’ by 36’
166
clear gel
heat shield- different feel to it, more supple, polyester, give, blocks some of the hat coming out of a light
167
grey gel
neutral density- allows you to take the brightness down a little bit when you cant control them separately
168
tough spun
Polyester, touch diffusion
| o Heavy frost, doesn’t soften the edge, just casts light everywhere
169
silk
has lines in it that goes in one direction, polarizes the light, spread the light out horizontally, makes it larger
• Some manufacture frost and color in the same piece of gel, same with silk
170
frost
fuzz the edge out, diffusion
171
Light refers to color as...
energy
| light is non tangible
172
values
Light= High Value
Medium=Middle Value
Dark=Low Value
173
Chroma
- the purity of intensity of a color
- the more you mix hues, the less chromatic -the mixed color becomes
- chromatic colors tend to be bright and vivid
- mixed hues tend to gray out each other
- -Also known as Intensity or Saturation
174
how to write measurements
write a measurement, write the numeral for feet, followed by a single quotation mark, a dash, the numeral for inches, followed by a double quotation mark
10'-0"
1'-2 3/4" ( for fraction write space between number and fraction)
if measurmeent is less than a foot don't need feet and dash
Yes: 6"
NO: O'-6"
175
example of scale
1/2"=1'-0"
| -first number represents the measurement on the paper and the second number represents measurement in the real world
176
Hue
the name of the color
What makes red-red
Determined by position on electromagnetic spectrum (soze of wave of energy)
177
scale represents...
how much something is shrunk to fit into a piece of paper
178
when measuring a line/box you must write the meausrments and...
make a line with arrows and lines on either end
179
when measuring the distance between lighting units...
measure from the center of one of the lights to the next center of the next unit
-in this case use center of movements
180
when hanging a theatrical light
1. make sure C-Clamp Bolt is properly loosened
2. raise liht to pipe and set C-Clamp on Pipe. make sure light is oriented in proper direction
3. ensure that top and back edges of C-Clamp are resting against pipe
4. finger tighten C-Clamp Bolt (light shouldn't fall at this point)
5. tighten C-Clamp Bolt with wrench
6. attach safety cable to pipe
7. ope shutters to light
8. untie pigTail and let it hang loose
9. point light in general direction of its focus, ensuring that light is right side up. Tighten yoke bolt and pan nut
181
If hanging on aluminum truss...
wrap truss with carpet/PVC so that you don't dent russ
182
if unit is to be overhung
(roostered) make sure to pull up on unit while tightening so that C-Clamp is set firmly against pipe
183
if unit is to be yoked out
hung to th side of pipe, not straight down
| -make sure that back side of C-Clamp is facing Up
184
If unit is near an open end of pipe
make sure that safety cable is secured to something other than the open pipe
185
if light has two C-Clamps
Cyc lights
| get help hanging it
186
circuiting a theatrical light
1. determine location of dimmer/circuit
2. determine if light is two-fered with others
3. determine and obtain all necessary jumpers and two-fers, etc
4. always place female end of jumper near c-clamp of light. Don't use pigTail as jumper
5. dont use two-fers as a short jumper
6. the jumper to pipe near c-clamp.
8. try to avoid tying cable across open spaces
9. tie up all excess cable neatly against pipe
10. use clovehitch knots when typing up cable. the tightly, finish with a bow
11. label ends of jumpers/two-fers as per Master Electrician (typically labeled with circuit number)
187
What should you never do with a jumper cable when circuiting a theatrical light?
NEVER wrap jumpers around Pipe because of electro magnets
188
What should you never do to a pigtail?
when tying the jumper to the pipe near the C-Clamp, NEVER tie up pigtail, easier to fix the light
189
focusing a theatrical light
1. prep unit before lighting designer gets to you
- pull color from unit (if LD wants you to)
- Sharpen to shutter (If Leko)
- Zoom as needed (If zoom Unit)
- Spot Down (if fresnel)
- Rotate Bottle (if PAR)
2. Put hotspot on LD, adjust as directed
3. tighten Unit (Pan Nut, Yoke Bolt, Yoke Handles)
4. Let LD know that unit is tight
5. make shutter cuts if Leko
6. Adjust Flood if fresnel
7. rotate bottle if PAR
8. Put Color in Light
190
striking a theatrical light
1. unplug light. tie up pig tail.
2. point light straight down
3. push in shutters
4. loosen C-Clamp Bolt with wrench
5. take off safety cable. leave attached to light
6. loosen C-Clamp bolt with hand
7. remove unit from pipe
8. pull out color and gobos. collect and store appropriately
9. beware of where you are setting light. lay light on side if near the edge of tage or catwalk
191
Whats on a light plot
plate made up of:
- key
- legend
- Notes
- Title block information
192
What is the plate?
- information on the right of plot
| - background
193
What is the Key
key to what symbols mean
194
What is the legend
```
Color
Institue type
Gobo (T, triangle, or circle)
Unit number
Channel number
Dimmer number (sometimes you’ll see this sometimes you wont
```
195
WHat is important to do FIRST when reading a light plot
the NOTES section
196
WHat is the title block information
```
Theatre
Name of show
Production team
What this piece of drafting is for
• “light plot overhead”
date
scale**
who the lighting director is
```
197
do u ever make a second plot?
* sometimes make a second plot for stuff underneath on boom or floor, for clarity
* if not a lot of stuff on floor of set no need to draw second set
198
wheres scale on plot
X and Y axis
199
how does unit numbering numbered?
SL to SR, right to left (backwards)
- top to bottom, real life not on paper, when lights stacked one on top to another in real life
- away from proscenium
```
o Electric 3
o Electric 2
o Electric 1
o -----Proscenium
o Cat 1
o Cat 2
o Cat 3
```
200
center line section
* cut it in half and fold it down
* looking at it sideways
* tells height and relation of things
201
Two pieces of paperwork turned in with light plot
• Instrument schedule
202
Channel hookup
```
o Info that belongs to that light
o Spreadsheet instead of drawing
o Organized and sorted by channel number
• Number you assign to the light on the virtual console
• Organized by idea
o Info LIKE
• Dimmer number
• Lighting position & unit #
• type & Acc & W
• Purpose and focus
```
203
Instrument schedule
o Organizes by position and unit number
• Position in the theatre, on the cat, on the grid, etc
o Still takes the info from the plot
o Organized different way
204
FOH
front of house
205
Catwalk
Entire position is exposed
Over audiences heads
Like what we have in Burg and Blackbox
206
Cove, Beam, or Slot (terms used for same thing
Enclosed in ceiling with a small opening for lights to shoot through
Like what we have in the Kirkpatrick theatre on sides and every top of theatre
• Audience cant se the light strip
• Similar to catwalk but enclosed from audience
207
Box Boom (BxBm)
Vertical boom on the sides of auditorium
Can be exposed or enclosed
• Like what we use in Kirkpatrick
208
Balcony Rail
Pipe on the upstage edge of the balcony
God for low angle shots and curtains
• Like what we have in Kirkpatrick Theatre
209
Overstage Position
```
Permanent Light Positions
• Galleries
• Grid
• Bridge
• Bridge
o Temporary Light Positions
• Ladders
• Tail down
• Goal post
• Boom
• Torm
• Floormounts
• Rover
• Trough
```
210
Electrics
Single pipe
pipes that fly in to stage floor
We don’t have any of these
211
Bridge
Massive flying contraption with lights, sound, etc
Flying catwalk
Only in really big theatres
212
Grid
Doesn’t fly in and out
Built from ceiling of theatre
Series of pipes in ceiling
Like in burg or above us in class
213
Galleries
Built onto the sidewalls of stage
Typically don’t move
Sometimes an elevated fly rail serves as a gallery position
214
ladders
Portable hung from grid or electrics
| Sort of a portable gallery position
215
tail down
Pipe or series of pipes hung below or battens
216
goal post
Position built up from the floor
| Looks like an old fashioned football goal post
217
Boom
Vertical pipe mounted to the floor
| typically used for low sidelight
218
torm
Boom adjacent to proscenium
| Typically permanently installed
219
floormount
Light placed on a floorplate
220
rover
Light on a rolling boom or floorplate
Trough
• A slot cut into floor for strip lights
• Typically used for lighting backdrops or for footlights
221
Pipe
o Schedule 40- number 40 refers to the thickness of the sidewall of the pipe
• Different then the diameter
• How strong it is
o Refer to it as nominal dimensions, we refer to pipe by its nominal dimensions
• 5 by 6 isn’t the REAL length, but it’s the nominal dimension
o ID- inside diameter
• Nominal dimension
o OD- outside diameter
o Typically use 1 inch and ½ or 1 inch and a ¼
222
truss
o Often made of aluminum, therefore light, but also a softer metal
o Usually 12 in or 20 in wide and deep. Comes in varying lengths
o Can connect pieces of truss together to make it long
o Can be put on base and stood up, or hung horizontally
223
Clamps for lights
```
o C-Clamp
• Attaches light to pipe
o Sidearm with Tee
• Allows light to be hung upright
• Attaches to boom creates arm
• Truss clamps
```
224
Harware for StripLights
```
o Trunnion
• Has flat bottom
• Can stand/sit on the floor
o Hanging arm
• Hangs from ceiling
```
225
Pipe Hardware
```
o Swivel cheseborough
• Has two clamps
• Can swivel
• Connects two pieces of pipe together’
o Rigid Cheseborough
• Doesn’t turn or swivel
o Grid Lock Clamp
• Like cheseborough, piepes attach to each other at 90 degrees
o Coupler
• Threaded insert
• Twists on can add another pipe
o NO ROUDA BLOCK
o Pipe to floor
• Boom base
Big, can thread pipe
Keeps it upright
Free standing
• Flange
Can screw pipe into it
Holes to screw to floor with screws
```
226
truss
o Often made of aluminum, therefore light, but also a softer metal
o Usually 12 in or 20 in wide and deep. Comes in varying lengths
o Can connect pieces of truss together to make it long
o Can be put on base and stood up, or hung horizontally
227
Clamps for lights
```
o C-Clamp
• Attaches light to pipe
o Sidearm with Tee
• Allows light to be hung upright
• Attaches to boom creates arm
• Truss clamps
```
228
Harware for StripLights
```
o Trunnion
• Has flat bottom
• Can stand/sit on the floor
o Hanging arm
• Hangs from ceiling
```
229
Pipe Hardware
```
o Swivel cheseborough
• Has two clamps
• Can swivel
• Connects two pieces of pipe together’
o Rigid Cheseborough
• Doesn’t turn or swivel
o Grid Lock Clamp
• Like cheseborough, piepes attach to each other at 90 degrees
o Coupler
• Threaded insert
• Twists on can add another pipe
o NO ROUDA BLOCK
o Pipe to floor
• Boom base
Big, can thread pipe
Keeps it upright
Free standing
• Flange
Can screw pipe into it
Holes to screw to floor with screws
```
230
memorize...12 and 14 gauge
12-20
| 14-15
231
standard voltage in USA
120
232
memorize...12 and 14 gauge
12-20
| 14-15
233
standard voltage in USA
120
