stage 2 Flashcards
What is a hotspot?
Area where runway incursions are likely to occur.
What airspace do part time towers become after hours?
Golf to Echo
Alpha Airspace
- must be ifr rated
- starts at 18,000 ft
Bravo Airspace
- class B clearance
- ADSB
- Transponder
-top usually 10,000 MSL with 30 mile mode C veil
Charlie Airspace
- 2 way comms
- ADSB
- Transponder
- tops 4000 AGL with 5 mile inner ring, 10 mile outer ring
Delta Airspace
- 2 way comms
- tops 2500 AGL
- 5 statute mile ring
Echo
- 1,200 AGL - 18,000 MSL
- within vignette: 700 AGL - 18,000 MSL
Golf Airspace
- below 1,200 AGL
- within vignette: below 700 AGL
TRSA
- terminal radar service area
- hybrid between C and D
- has approach with voluntary radar
Bravo Airspace Cloud Clearance
- 3 sm
- clear of clouds
Charlie/Delta Airspace
- 3 sm
- 1000 above
- 500 below
- 2000 horizontal
Echo Airspace
- below 10,000 MSL: 3 sm, 1000 above, 500 below, 2000 horizontal
- above 10,000 MSL: 5 sm, 1000 above, 1000 below, 1 mile horizontal
Golf Airspace
- Below 1,200 AGL
- Day: 1 sm, clear of clouds
- Night: 3 sm, 1000’ above, 500 below, 2000 horizontal
- above 1,200 AGL
- Day: 1 sm, 1000 above, 500 below, 2000 horizontal
- Night: 3 sm, 1000 above, 500 below, 2000 horizontal
Non-Standard Airspace
MCPRAWNS
- Military Operations Area
- Controlled Firing Area (not on sectional)
- Prohibited
- Restricted
- Alert
- Warning Area (by the coast)
- National Security Area (optional)
- Special Flight Rules Area
VFR Altitudes
- must comply above 3000 AGL
- east is odd thousands + 500
- west is even thousands + 500
Pilotage Vs Dead Reckoning
Pilotage - reading a map
Dead reckoning - using time, speed, and distance to calculate where you are
METAR
- current weather
- updated every hour
Dewpoint
temperature at which the air becomes fully saturated
TAF
- valid for 24 hours, updated every 6 hours
- only acceptable within 5 sm of airport
GFA
- graphical forecast area
- aviationweather.gov
- use when airport does not have a TAF
Winds Aloft
- no wind: airport elevation within 1,500 of listed altitude
- no temp: airport elevation within 2,500 of listed altitude
High Pressure System
- clockwise, outwards, downwards
- poor visibility
- brings higher pressure
Low Pressure System
- counter clockwise, inwards, upwards
- good visibility
- includes precipitation
Warm Front
- slow moving
- poor visibility
- steady precipitation
Cold Front
- possible thunderstorms
- rain showers
Stationary Front
- when cold and warm fronts meet and stop movement
- lingers for a long time
Occluded Front
- When one front catches up to another moving the same direction
Isobars
- higher wind when close together
- depict pressure in millibars
Airmet
- valid 6 hours
- Tango: turbulence
- Sierra: IFR conditions
- Zulu: Freezing
SIGMET
- valid 4 hours
- strong weather activity
- turbulence, dust storm, ash, severe icing
Convective SIGMET
- valid 2 hours
- thunderstorms
- very high winds
- hail
- tornados
Thunder Storms
- need moisture, rising force, unstable air
- stages: cumulus, mature (most dangerous) dissipating
Weather Resources Preflight
- aviation weather.gov
- 1800wxbrief.com
- foreflight
Weather Resources in flight
- atis/awos
- adsb in
- atc
PIREP
- pilot reports
- must include location, altitude, airspeed gained/lost
FORWARD vs AFT cg
forward: better stability, higher fuel burn, better stall recovery
aft: lower fuel burn, worse stall recovery, worse stability
ISA at sea level
- 29.92
- 15 degrees celsius
pressure altitude
- altitude indicated when set to standard pressure
density altitude
- pressure altitude corrected for non standard temperature
indicated airspeed
- airspeed indicated on the airspeed indicator
Calibrated Airspeed
- indicated airspeed corrected for instrument errors
true airspeed
- calibrated airspeed corrected for non standard temperature
Spin Recovery
- power idle
- ailerons neutral
- rudder opposite
- elevator down
fuel requirements
- day: enough to reach + 30 mins
- night: enough to reach + 45 mins
- school: enough to reach + 1 hr
XC planing
NWKRAFT
- Notams
- Weather
- Known Delays
- Runway Lengths
- Alternates
- Fuel
- Takeoff/Landing
what do the large numbers on the sectional represent?
the minimum elevation figure
shows the minimum altitude needed to fly through that area
what do the magenta line on the sectional represent
isogonic lines
line that indicates equal magnetic variation
what does the star above the airport location circle represent
airport has a rotating beacon from sunset to sunrise
what is the white box around the dfw area
tac line
terminal area chart
shows a more detailed view of the area
where do you find frequencies for MOA and restricted areas
text box inside the area or on the legend
what is a displaced threshold
displaced threshold indicate that landing ahead of the threshold is unsafe due to obstacles, poor markings, or maintenance issues
what do we base our altitudes off of
0-179 heading: odd + 500
180-359 heading: even + 500
also need to account for the airspace and obstacles
what does SLP135 mean
indicates the sea level pressure in hectopascals
what are the orange segmented lines of weather chart
trough
extended area of low pressure
what is a stationary front
when two air-masses moving opposite directions meet and stay in the area
what is the arm
horizontal distance from the reference datum in inches
measured from tip of the spinner in archers
what oil do we uses in the archer
phillips xc 20-50
what hydraulic fluid do we use in the archer
mil 5606
