Stage 1/Liberal Phase 1789-91

Question 1

National Debt Increase 1776

Answer 1

Louis XV raises taxes to pay off debt from the 7 Years war and the War of Austria Succession

Question 2

Feudal Privilege

Answer 2

The wealthy and nobility were exempt from taxes while they could afford to pay them, so the commoners took the brunt of the debt collection

Question 3

What are Estates?

Answer 3

3 social categories: clergy, nobility, everyone else

Question 4

What was the 1st Estate like?

Answer 4

Collect tithe, run social services, hate Enlightenment bc its secular, exempt from taxes ( > 1% )

Question 5

What was the 2nd Estate like?

Answer 5

Top government/military positions, don’t pay taxes ( > 2% )

Question 6

What was the 3rd Estate like?

Answer 6

Bouge: resent nobles, lawyers, doctors, educated pro enlightenment, brains of revolution.
Peasants: muscle of revolution
Urban Poor:
(98%)

Question 7

What drives the revolution?

Answer 7

1. Public Opinion: taverns, salons, gossip magazines
2. Enlightenment: people learn from Voltaire and Rousseau

Question 8

What was the Estates General? May 1787

Answer 8

Legislative body made up of representatives from the 3 estates (1st - priests) (2nd - conservatives from provinces/liberals) (3rd - lawyers, doctors)

Question 9

“What is the Third Estate?” by Abbe Sieyes

Answer 9

Nobility is tiny, overprivileged

Question 10

National Assembly June 1789

Answer 10

3rd Estate refused to attend bc 1st&2nd kept outvoting them when they don’t make up a large % of the population

Made up of a few clergy & noblemen, mainly 3rd estate “true reps of people of France”

Question 11

Tennis Court Oath

Answer 11

Barred from hall -
National Assembly pledged they wouldn’t disband until new constitution was created, gave themselves taxation over France

Question 12

Bastille Day July 1789

Answer 12

Poor grain harvest & missing troops = people storm Bastille - get back liberty

Question 13

Duke D’Alene

Answer 13

In charge of running Bastille royal prison

Question 14

Delaune

Answer 14

In charge of running Bastille day revolution

Question 15

The Great Fear 1789

Answer 15

3rd Estate revolted against nobility records and residences, gave strength to movement to end feudalism

Question 16

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen August 1789

Answer 16

Made by National Assembly, guaranteed freedom of speech and thought, equality before the law, general will, natural rights, due process, hold public office, representative gov, abolished hereditary privileges of 1st&2nd estates, taxes imposed by consent of the governed (not enforced) (inspired by Declaration of Independence & Bill of Rights)

Question 17

Civil Constitution of the Clergy 1790

Answer 17

Confiscated church lands, eliminated tithe, placed under authority of National Assembly, established national church w voted priests, no pope, salary, other religions can vote

Question 18

October March on Versailles 1789

Answer 18

Markets shrank -> incited by Jean Paul Marat -> unemployment of market women, storm Versailles for bread & justice, made king accept declaration -> King fled to Tuillers

Question 19

Constitutional Clergy

Answer 19

Followed new constitution

Question 20

Refractory Clergy

Answer 20

Follow pope (Louis 16 follows) (most ppl liked), Napoleon reversed

Question 21

“Reflections of the Revolutions in France” by Edmund Burke 1790

Answer 21

France would be destroyed by reform, people will start killing, defends hereditary privileges, doesn’t like unrepresentative parliament

Question 22

Constitution of 1791

Answer 22

Established constitutional monarchy, king shares power w Legislative Assembly

Question 23

Legislative Assembly

Answer 23

Full of members of the Jacobin Club, split France into 83 departments, declare war on Prussia and Austria, unicameral body that the king can veto as chief executive officer

Question 24

Jacobin Club

Answer 24

Well educated radical republicans

Question 25

Le Chapalier Law June 1791

Answer 25

Banned guilds and the right to strike, enrages sans-culottes

Question 26

Flight to Varennes

Answer 26

Leopold (Marie brother, Austria) tries to get Marie Antoinette and Louis XV to flee to Austria, get caught by Parisian mob

Question 27

Declaration of Pillnitz

Answer 27

Leopold, king of Austria threatened Austrian and Prussian military intervention in France