stage 1 Flashcards
Pilot Documents
- medical (1st for 12, 3rd for 48)
- pilots license
- government id
instrument privileges
- can enter class A airspace if on ifr flight plane
- act as pic in ifr conditions
- fly in imc
METAR
- current weather updated every hour
Dewpoint
-temperature at which the air becomes fully saturated
-within 2 degrees celsius expect fog
TAF
-valid 24 hours, updated every 6
-only acceptable within 5 sm of airport
GFA
-graphical forecast area
-available on aviation weather.gov
- use when airport does not have a TAF
LIFR rules
-magenta
-ceilings below 500ft
-vis less than 1 mile
IFR Rules
-red
-ceilings 500ft to below 1000ft
-vis 1 mile to less than 3 miles
MVFR
-blue
-ceilings 1000-3000ft
-vis 3 to 5 miles
VFR
-green
-ceilings greater than 3000ft
-greater than 5 miles
Airport beacon
- lit during daytime IFR weather or at nighttime
Winds Aloft
- no wind: elevation within 1500 agl
- no temp: elevation within 2500 agl
- temps assumed negative above 24000
High Pressure System
-clockwise, downwards, outwards
-poor visibility
-brings higher pressure/density
Low Pressure System
-counter clockwise, inwards, and upwards
-good visibility
-includes precipitation because of higher humidity
-lower pressure/density
Warm Front
-slow moving
-stratiform clouds
-poor visibility because air is stable
-steady precipitation
Cold Front
-cumulus clouds
-possible thunderstorms
-showery precipitation
Stationary Front
-opposite air masses meet and stop moving
-lingers for a long time
Occluded Front
- when one front catches up to another front moving the same direction
-usually the cold front catches up to warm
Isobars
-when close together expect higher winds
-pressure in millibars
Airmet
-valid 6 hours
-moderate weather conditions
-Tango: turbulence
- Sierra: IFR conditions
- Zulu: Freezing
Sigmet
- valid 4 hours
- will affect all aircraft
-severe or greater turbulence
- dust, sandstorms, volcanic ash
- severe or greater icing
Convective Sigmet
- valid for 2 hours
- thunderstorms
- winds greater than 50 knots
- hail 3/4 inch or greater
-tornadoes
Thunderstorm Ingredients
-moisture
-lifting force
-unstable air (normal is 2 degrees per 1000 feet)
Thunderstorm Stage 1
- Cumulus Stage
- Large Updrafts
-clouds are building in height
Thunderstorm Stage 2
- mature
- both up and down drafts
- extreme precipitation
- lightning
Thunderstorm Stage 3
- Dissipating
-mostly downdrafts
- microburst is localized and can reach 6000fpm
Weather Resources Preflight
-aviationweather.gov
-1800wxbrief
-foreflight
Weather Resources In Flight
-ATIS/AWOS/ASOS
-onboard equipment
-Flight Service Station
-ATC (workload permitting)
PIREPS
-pilot reports
-can report anything
Structural Icing
-clear: forms when larger water droplets spread and freeze over a surface
-rime: forms when smaller droplets freeze when contact aircraft
-mixed: mix of clear and rime
Induction Icing
-carb ice/induction air ice
Instrument Icing
-pitot static system
Gyroscopic system
-standby attitude indicator (vacuum powered)
pitot static components
-pitot tube
-static port
how does the pitot tube work
-collects data to calculate airspeed
- ram air is forced into pitot by airplane velocity
-compares ram air to static air to output dynamic air
-dynamic air is read by instrument
how does the static port work
-measures ambient air pressure
Blockages: blocked pitot
-airspeed: zero
-altimeter works
-VSI works
Blockages: pitot and drain hole (open static port)
-airspeed: high in climb, low in descent
-altimeter: works
-VSI: works
Blockages: blocked static open pitot
-airspeed: low in climb, high in descent
-altimeter: frozen
-VSI: frozen
Blockages: used alternate air
-airspeed: reads high
-altimeter: reads low
-VSI: momentarily shows a climb
Blockages: Broken VSI glass
-airspeed: reads high
-altimeter: reads high
-VSI: reverses
GPS: satellite system
-24 satellites in constellation
-3 satellites required for lateral information
-4 satellites required for altitude information
GPS: RAIM
-5 satellites required to ensure reliable information is being received
-with bad information, RAIM will annunciate and take that satellite offline
GPS: WAAS
-signals from satellites are monitored by ground based stations
-ground based stations correct for clock errors and position errors
-ground stations send data to master station
-master station sends data to geostationary satellites
-satellites send data to WAAS receiver onboard
VOR Receiver checks
VOT: freq 108.0mhz 0degree FROM; 180 TO
ground: +-4 degrees
airborne +-6 degrees
dual vor: +-4 degrees
DME
-most inaccurate right over
Instrument Landing System
precision approach: provides vertical and lateral guidance
Localizer
-provides lateral guidance
-width 5 degrees
-full deflection is 2.5 degrees
Glideslope
-provides vertical guidance
-angle between 2.5 and 3.5 degrees
Marker Beacons
Outer: blue, 4-7 nm from threshold
Middle: amber, 3500ft away from threshold
Inner: white, short high pitched
Recency
-in last 6 months, 6 approaches to include holds, intercepting, tracking, nav systems
Recency past 12 months
- up till 12 months to get current (rated safety pilot)
-after 12 you need and instrument proficiency check (examiner, cfii)
