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instrument > stage 1 > Flashcards

stage 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pilot Documents

A
  • medical (1st for 12, 3rd for 48)
  • pilots license
  • government id
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2
Q

instrument privileges

A
  • can enter class A airspace if on ifr flight plane
  • act as pic in ifr conditions
  • fly in imc
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3
Q

METAR

A
  • current weather updated every hour
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4
Q

Dewpoint

A

-temperature at which the air becomes fully saturated

-within 2 degrees celsius expect fog

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5
Q

TAF

A

-valid 24 hours, updated every 6

-only acceptable within 5 sm of airport

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6
Q

GFA

A

-graphical forecast area

-available on aviation weather.gov

  • use when airport does not have a TAF
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7
Q

LIFR rules

A

-magenta

-ceilings below 500ft

-vis less than 1 mile

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8
Q

IFR Rules

A

-red

-ceilings 500ft to below 1000ft

-vis 1 mile to less than 3 miles

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9
Q

MVFR

A

-blue

-ceilings 1000-3000ft

-vis 3 to 5 miles

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10
Q

VFR

A

-green

-ceilings greater than 3000ft

-greater than 5 miles

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11
Q

Airport beacon

A
  • lit during daytime IFR weather or at nighttime
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12
Q

Winds Aloft

A
  • no wind: elevation within 1500 agl
  • no temp: elevation within 2500 agl
  • temps assumed negative above 24000
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13
Q

High Pressure System

A

-clockwise, downwards, outwards

-poor visibility

-brings higher pressure/density

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14
Q

Low Pressure System

A

-counter clockwise, inwards, and upwards

-good visibility

-includes precipitation because of higher humidity

-lower pressure/density

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15
Q

Warm Front

A

-slow moving

-stratiform clouds

-poor visibility because air is stable

-steady precipitation

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16
Q

Cold Front

A

-cumulus clouds

-possible thunderstorms

-showery precipitation

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17
Q

Stationary Front

A

-opposite air masses meet and stop moving

-lingers for a long time

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18
Q

Occluded Front

A
  • when one front catches up to another front moving the same direction

-usually the cold front catches up to warm

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19
Q

Isobars

A

-when close together expect higher winds

-pressure in millibars

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20
Q

Airmet

A

-valid 6 hours

-moderate weather conditions

-Tango: turbulence

  • Sierra: IFR conditions
  • Zulu: Freezing
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21
Q

Sigmet

A
  • valid 4 hours
  • will affect all aircraft

-severe or greater turbulence

  • dust, sandstorms, volcanic ash
  • severe or greater icing
22
Q

Convective Sigmet

A
  • valid for 2 hours
  • thunderstorms
  • winds greater than 50 knots
  • hail 3/4 inch or greater

-tornadoes

23
Q

Thunderstorm Ingredients

A

-moisture

-lifting force

-unstable air (normal is 2 degrees per 1000 feet)

24
Q

Thunderstorm Stage 1

A
  • Cumulus Stage
  • Large Updrafts

-clouds are building in height

25
Q

Thunderstorm Stage 2

A
  • mature
  • both up and down drafts
  • extreme precipitation
  • lightning
26
Q

Thunderstorm Stage 3

A
  • Dissipating

-mostly downdrafts

  • microburst is localized and can reach 6000fpm
27
Q

Weather Resources Preflight

A

-aviationweather.gov

-1800wxbrief

-foreflight

28
Q

Weather Resources In Flight

A

-ATIS/AWOS/ASOS

-onboard equipment

-Flight Service Station

-ATC (workload permitting)

29
Q

PIREPS

A

-pilot reports

-can report anything

30
Q

Structural Icing

A

-clear: forms when larger water droplets spread and freeze over a surface

-rime: forms when smaller droplets freeze when contact aircraft

-mixed: mix of clear and rime

31
Q

Induction Icing

A

-carb ice/induction air ice

32
Q

Instrument Icing

A

-pitot static system

33
Q

Gyroscopic system

A

-standby attitude indicator (vacuum powered)

34
Q

pitot static components

A

-pitot tube

-static port

35
Q

how does the pitot tube work

A

-collects data to calculate airspeed

  • ram air is forced into pitot by airplane velocity

-compares ram air to static air to output dynamic air

-dynamic air is read by instrument

36
Q

how does the static port work

A

-measures ambient air pressure

37
Q

Blockages: blocked pitot

A

-airspeed: zero

-altimeter works

-VSI works

38
Q

Blockages: pitot and drain hole (open static port)

A

-airspeed: high in climb, low in descent

-altimeter: works

-VSI: works

39
Q

Blockages: blocked static open pitot

A

-airspeed: low in climb, high in descent

-altimeter: frozen

-VSI: frozen

40
Q

Blockages: used alternate air

A

-airspeed: reads high

-altimeter: reads low

-VSI: momentarily shows a climb

41
Q

Blockages: Broken VSI glass

A

-airspeed: reads high

-altimeter: reads high

-VSI: reverses

42
Q

GPS: satellite system

A

-24 satellites in constellation

-3 satellites required for lateral information

-4 satellites required for altitude information

43
Q

GPS: RAIM

A

-5 satellites required to ensure reliable information is being received

-with bad information, RAIM will annunciate and take that satellite offline

44
Q

GPS: WAAS

A

-signals from satellites are monitored by ground based stations

-ground based stations correct for clock errors and position errors

-ground stations send data to master station

-master station sends data to geostationary satellites

-satellites send data to WAAS receiver onboard

45
Q

VOR Receiver checks

A

VOT: freq 108.0mhz 0degree FROM; 180 TO

ground: +-4 degrees

airborne +-6 degrees

dual vor: +-4 degrees

46
Q

DME

A

-most inaccurate right over

47
Q

Instrument Landing System

A

precision approach: provides vertical and lateral guidance

48
Q

Localizer

A

-provides lateral guidance

-width 5 degrees

-full deflection is 2.5 degrees

49
Q

Glideslope

A

-provides vertical guidance

-angle between 2.5 and 3.5 degrees

50
Q

Marker Beacons

A

Outer: blue, 4-7 nm from threshold

Middle: amber, 3500ft away from threshold

Inner: white, short high pitched

51
Q

Recency

A

-in last 6 months, 6 approaches to include holds, intercepting, tracking, nav systems

52
Q

Recency past 12 months

A
  • up till 12 months to get current (rated safety pilot)

-after 12 you need and instrument proficiency check (examiner, cfii)

instrument (7 decks)

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