Stage 1 Flashcards
Privileges
91.175
Enter class A airspace
Pic under IFR conditions
Fly in IMC
Special var at night - clear of clouds
Flight categories
Lifr- below 500 ft agl or less than 1 mile
IFR - below 500-1000 ft agl or less than 3 miles
Mvfr - 1000-3000 ft agl or 3-5 miles
Vfr - greater than 3000 ft agl and greater than 5 miles
High pressure
Clockwise, outwards, and downwards
Poor visibility
Brings higher pressure/ density
Low pressure
Clockwise, inwards, and upwards
Good visibility
Includes precipitation because of higher humidity
Lower pressure/ density
Warm front
Slow moving, so change in weather is gradual
Stratiform clouds
Poor visibility, air is stable and calm
Steady precipitation
Cold front
Cumulus clouds
Possible thunderstorms
Showery precipitation
Stationary front
When warm and cold air masses meet and stop moving
Lingers for a long time
Occluded front
When a cold front catches up to a warm front moving in the same direction
Bad weather
Isobars
Close together expect high winds.
Pressure measured in millibars
3 types of icing + 3 icing locations + 4 severity’s
Clear, rime, mixed
Structural, instrument, induction
Trace, light, moderate, severe
3 ingredients to a thunder storm
Moisture
Uplifting action
Unstable lapse rate
3 stages to a thunderstorm
Cumulus, maturing, dissipating
Pireps
Must include location, altitude experienced, airspeed gained/ lost,
Pirep assistance in aviation weather handbook
Required equipment
91.205 + headset
G, eneratpr/ alternator
R, adio
A, ltimiter pressure sensitive
B, all
C, lock
A, ttitude indicator
R, ate of turn indicator
D, directional gyroscope
How does the G1000 get its information
Adahars, Air data computer + attitude and heading reference system
Adc = pitot static system
Ahars = magnetometers, inclinometers, accelerometers, rate of turn sensors
In the wings left wing first
Currency
66 hits
6 months, 6 approaches, holds, interception tracking nav systems
Can be done in approved flight sim
GPS
Global Positioning System
Triangulate position in space
3 satellites- lateral position
4 satellites - altitude information
5 satellites- fault detection
6 satellites fd exclusion
RAIM
Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring
5 satellites required to ensure reliability
With a bad satellite raim will announce the lost integrity and take it offline
WAAS
Wide Area Augmentation System
Signals from satellites are monitored by ground based stations those ground based stations check for clock errors and position errors
Ground stations send correction data and prepares a correction message
New message is sent to a geostationary satellite (GEO)
GEO broadcasts to waas receiver on aircraft
VOR
Very high frequency omnidirectional range
Short range radio navigation equipment used to determine relative position and bearing from vor
VOR receiver checks
Required every 30 days
VOR test facility (VOT) works like a fake VOR - frequency 108.0 MHz - 0 degrees FROM / 180 degrees TO (182)
Ground tolerances +- 4°
Air tolerances +-6° (moving in the sky more inaccurate)
Dual VOR check +-4°
Specific locations can be found in chart supplement
DME
Distance measuring equipment
USES SLANT RANGE to determine distance
Most inaccurate when directly over VOR/DME
Negligible for every 1 mile away and 1000’ feet high
Compass errors
VDMONA
VARIATION - difference between north and magnetic north
DEVIATION - equipment interferences
MAGNETIC dip - when approaching magnetic poles, compass wants to dip
Occilation - rapid movement, turbulence, engine
Northernly turning errors - undershoot north, overshoot south
Acceleration errors - accelerate north, decelerate south
ILS
Instrument Landing System
Precision instrument approach- land based
Provides lateral and vertical guidance
1. Localizer “lined up”
Provides lateral guidance within 5° full deflection to one side is only 2.5°
2. Glide Slope
Provides vertical guidance angle between 2.5° and 3.5°
3. Marker beacon - avionics signal different colors/ audible Morse codes when passing over
4. Approach lighting system - TPP page 17
VOR CHECK INOLVES
Bearing error
Date
Name
Location
GPS data base + VOR currency
GPS data base update every 28 days
VOR every 30 days
Logging instrument time
Actual - be instrument rated or accompanied by appropriately rated cfii
Simulated - safety pilot - appropriately rated in category/ class
Able to act as pic
Name must be logged in remarks
Given instructions by a CFI
Variation
Difference between mag north and true north
Occilation
Engine, rapid movement, turbulence
Magnetic dip
Approaching magnetic poles compass wants to dip
Deviation
Equipment interface
Emergency buss
PFD
Avionics lights
ADAHARS
Com 1 & Nav 1
Standby instruments
