Stacks and Functions

Question 1

A type of data structure where items are ADDED AND THEN REMOVED IN REVERSE ORDER.

Answer 1

Stack

Question 2

Often referred to as Last-In, First-Out (LIFO)

Answer 2

Stack

Question 3

Heavily used in programming for the storage of information during PROCEDURE OR FUNCTION CALLS.

Answer 3

Stack

Question 4

Adding an item to a stack is referred to as a?

Answer 4

Push Operattion

Question 5

Removing an item from a stack is referred to as a?

Answer 5

Pop Operation

Question 6

The stack is implemented in reverse in memory, stack is implemented growing ___________ in memory.

Answer 6

Growing downward.

Question 7

Register used to point to the current top of stack in memory.

Answer 7

RSP register.

Question 8

When using stack operations (push and pop), the stack pointer register is _________ during their operation.

Answer 8

Adjusted

Question 9

The RSP register is ___________ by _ during push operation.

Answer 9

8

Question 10

During the push operation, the operand is _________ to the stack at [RSP]

Answer 10

copied.

Question 11

The RSP register is ______ by _ during the pop operation.

Answer 11

increased by 8

Question 12

Functions must be _________ before it can be used.

Answer 12

Written (located in the code segment)

Question 13

A function may be defined _________.

Answer 13

only once

Question 14

True or False: There is a specific order required for how functions are defined.

Answer 14

False. There is no specific order

Question 15

True or False: Functions cannot be nested.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Function calls involve two main actions:

Answer 16

Linkage
Argument Transmission

Question 17

This action is when the function must be able to return to the correct place in which it was originally called.

Answer 17

Linkage

Question 18

This action is when the function must be able to access parameters to operate on or to return results.

Answer 18

Argument Transmission

Question 19

To instructions that handle the linkage:

Answer 19

call <funcName>
ret</funcName>

Question 20

In functions, the call operation works by saving the ______ of where to return to when the function completes (ret).

Answer 20

Address

Question 21

The call operation is accomplished by placing contents of the RIP register on ___________.

Answer 21

the stack

Question 22

The RIP register points to the _________________ to be executed.

Answer 22

next instruction

Question 23

The ret instruction pops the _____________________________ into the _______________ (thus the appropriate return address is restored).

Answer 23

current top of the stack (RSP), RIP register

Question 24

Refers to sending information to a function and obtaining a result as appropriate for the specific function.

Answer 24

Argument Transmission

Question 25

Transmitting values to a function is referred to as _____________.

Answer 25

Call-by-value

Question 26

Transmitting addresses to a function is referred to as __________.

Answer 26

call-by-reference

Question 27

A combination of _______ and _______ is used to pass parameters to and/or from a function.

Answer 27

registers and stack

Question 28

The first six integer arguments are passed in ________.

Answer 28

registers.

Question 29

The seventh and any additional arguments are passed on the _____.

Answer 29

stack

Question 30

When the function is completed, the ______ ________ is responsible for clearing the arguments from the stack.

Answer 30

calling routine

Question 31

For functions with return value, the result is placed in the _________ based on the size of the value being returned.

Answer 31

A register

Question 32

The items on the stack as part of a function call that is also referred to as an activation record.

Answer 32

Call frame

Question 33

Possible items in the call frame include? (4)

Answer 33

Return address (required): RIP Preserved registers (if any): RBP Passed arguments (if any) Stack dynamic local variables (if any)

Question 34

If there are any local variables needed within a function, the frame pointer register, ___________________ and then set pointing to itself.

Answer 34

RBP should be pushed.

Question 35

True or False: As additional pushes and pops are performed, the RBP register will change.

Answer 35

False, it will remain unchanged.

Question 36

Used as a reference to access stack dynamic local variables.

Answer 36

RBP