St. Thomas Aquinas Flashcards
Italian of St. Thomas Aquinas
San Tommasa d’Aquino
St Thomas Aquinas is also called: __________
by name: ________
Aquinas
Doctor Angelicus
St Thomas Aquinas was born during the year of ______ at ________, near Aquino, Terra di Lavoro, Kingdom of Sicily, _______.
1225
Roccasecca, Italy
Aquinas died on _______ at the _______
March 7, 1274
Fossanova
Aquinas was canonized on _________.
The feast day of St. Thomas Aquinas was celebrated on ____
July 18,1323
January 28
was a Catholic priest, a theologian, he is the core foundation of Christianity, of Christian teaching and faith.
St. Thomas Aquinas
a title given to saints who are recognized as giver of particularly important insights in the understanding of Christian doctrine or faith.
Doctor
St. Thomas Aquinas metaphysics
that being or the is, that which exists, came from an Ultimate Source - that is God.
His metaphysics is the foundation of Thomism, or Thomistic Ethics.
He wrote a book with an estimate of four thousand pages concerning the existence of God, that book is entitled
Summa Theologiae or Summa Theologica
St. Thomas Aquinas’ perspective presupposes the existence of a God who is the ______ (source) and the ____ (end) of all reality.
author (source)
goal (end)
is knowing the best goals and being able to reach for it through decisive action – expressed interiorly, that is in the very heart, of every human person as the dictate of “doing good and avoiding evil”.
freedom
is the very principle of foundations of all things; foundational knowledge that gives humans the ability to act in such a way that is worthy of one’s very reality.
reason
The human being is said to be gifted with “____________” that engages him/her in freedom in “_______________.”
the ability to know the highest good;
choosing to act on the good that he/she ought to do
revelation of God’s goodwill – the will of God; law that governs all – relating with God himself whose will emanates to govern all that is.
Eternal / Divine Law
is an imprint of the divine will in the very being of the human person.
The reality of life as growth, nutrition, reproduction, sensitive consciousness or instinct.
Human freedom
is the sharing of human reason in the eternal will or divine law;
is the moral law.
Natural Law
is the governing law – the foundation of laws and governs all there is, this gives man the very basis and comes to us as the Natural Law (primary precepts) to which man could govern himself through the Positive Law (second precepts).
Divine or eternal law
is man’s created laws to govern the society; man-made laws or the legality of laws.
positive law or human law
“Even If There Is No God”
Etsi Deus Non Daretur
The deposit of knowledge or “divine wisdom” that comes to us as “natural law” is valid in
itself and is, therefore, the reasonable code of conduct even for a man of goodwill who may be without faith.
Etsi Deus Non Daretur
for St. Thomas Aquinas is “the proper functioning of reason in moving
the human person towards an end goal that is fitting of his/her dignity.”
Conscience
conscience that dictates what is to be done – “good” and what is to be avoided – “evil”.
Conscience as reaon
Types of Conscience that leads to bad action
- Callous
- Perplexed
- Scrupulous
- Ignorant
is a conscience that is long-time persistence in doing evil
that the self is no longer concerned whether what he/she does is good or bad.
Callous
is a conscious that is a confusion which needs guidance.
Perplexed
is a conscience that fails to trust one’s ability to do good and, hence, overly concerns itself with avoiding what is bad to the point of seeing wrong where there is really none
Scrupulous
uninformed conscience which lacks education.
ignorant
for Aquinas is primarily a question of human identity.
Ethics
Three Determinants of Moral Actions
- Object of the Human Act
- Circumstance
- End
that which the will intends primarily and directly, either a thing or an action.
Object of the Human Act
the condition affecting the morality of an action, which may aggravate or mitigate the morality of the human act.
circumstance
Circumsta nce
a. quality of a person (who)
b. quality or quantity of the moral object (what)
c. the circumstance of place (where)
d. the circumstance of means (by what means)
e. the circumstance of end (why)
f. manner in which the action is done (how)
g. time element involved in the performance of the action (when
the purpose of the doer or the agent of the human act itself.
End
Four Principles of Double Effect
- The action intended must be good in itself, or at least morally indifferent; otherwise, the act is evil at the very outset;
- The good effect must follow the action at least as immediately as the evil effect, or the good and evil effects must occur simultaneously;
- The foreseen evil effect should not be intended or approved, but merely permitted to occur; and
- There must be a proportionate and sufficient reason for allowing the evil effect to occur while performing the action.
