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MLSC 3008 > SST & Wound Infections > Flashcards

SST & Wound Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is intertrigo?

A

Inflammatory cutaneous condition on body areas subject to hear, moisture & friction

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2
Q

Causative agents of intertrigo?

A

Canadida albicans, S. aureus & coliforms

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3
Q

What is erythrasma?

A

Superficial, chronic skin infection, itchy reddish-brown macules
Lesions fluoresce under Wood’s lamp

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4
Q

Causative agent of erythramsa?

A

Corynebacterium minutissimum

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5
Q

What is dermatophytosis?

A

Superficial infection, tinea (ringworm)

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6
Q

Causative agent of dermatophytosis?

A

dermatophyte fungi

Tricophyton, Microsporum & Epidermophyton

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7
Q

What is Tinea versicolor?

A

hypopigmented macules

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8
Q

Causative agent of Tinea versicolor?

A

Malassezia furfur

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9
Q

List the infectious dermatitis.

A
  1. Intertrigo
  2. Erythrasma
  3. Dermatophytosis
  4. Tinea versicolor
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10
Q

What is impetigo?

A

childhood
itching –> spreading
Non-bullous = crusty, yellowish lesions
bullous –> fluid-filled blisters, brown crust

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11
Q

Causative agents of non-bullous & bullous impetigo?

A 
non-bullous = Group A strep
bullous = S. aureus
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12
Q

Progression of untreated impetigo penetrates the dermis and is called _______?

A

Ecthyma

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13
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

superficial cellulitis - painrful areas w/ raised borders & fever

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14
Q

Causative agent of erysipelas?

A

Group A strep

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15
Q

What is erysipeloid?

A

Superficial infection of finger,

FIsherman, meat handlers

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16
Q

Causative agent of erysipeloid?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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17
Q

What is anthrax?

A

ulcerative lesions on face, neck & arms

painless papules –> necrotic

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18
Q

Causative agent of anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthrax

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19
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

spreading infection on skin, inflammation, edema, fever

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20
Q

Causative agents of cellulitis?

A

S. aureus, S. pyogenes
childern - H. influenzae
aquatic - Aeromonas spp. (fresh water), Vibrio spp. (sea water)

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21
Q

What is paronychia?

A

infection of nail cuticle

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22
Q

Causative agent of paronychia?

A 
S. aureus (acute)
Candida albicans (chronic)
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23
Q

What is folliculitis?

A

inflammation & minor infection in hair follicles (red papules)

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24
Q

Causative agents of folliculitis?

A

S. aureus
P. aeruginosa
Malassezia spp.

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25
Q

What is furuncle and Cabuncles?

A

Furuncle: abscess near hair follicels (“boils” of pus)
Carbuncles: more serious - extends deeper

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26
Q

Causative agent of furuncle & carbuncles?

A

S. aureus

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27
Q

List the 8 pyodermas.

A
  1. Impetigo
  2. Erysipelas
  3. Erysipeloid
  4. Anthrax
  5. Cellulitis
  6. Paronychia
  7. Folliculitis
  8. Furuncle & Carbuncles
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28
Q

Which organisms are associated with human bites?

A

Eikenella corrodans

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29
Q

Which organisms are associated with cat/dog bites?

A 
Pasteurella multocida
S. intermedius
Neisseria animaloris
Capnocytophaga canimorsus
Bergeyella zoohelcum
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30
Q

Which organisms are associated with rat bites?

A

Streptobaccillus moniformis

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31
Q

What are Eikenella corrodan’s microscopic features & reactions to the four rapid tests?

A

Pit agar, yellow pigment, greenish discolouration on media + Bleach odor
Oxidase (+)
Catalase, indole & urease (–)

32
Q

What are Pasturella multicocida’s microscopic features & reactions to the four rapid tests?

A

sm pale gnb/gncb
“mousy” odor
Oxidase, catalase & indole (+)
Urease (–)

33
Q

What are S. intermedius’ microscopic features & reactions to the four rapid tests?

A

staph-like, but NEVER pigmented

PYR+

34
Q

What are Neisseria animaloris’ microscopic features & reactions to the four rapid tests?

A

gnb/gncb
Oxidase & catalase (+)
Indole & urease (-)

35
Q

What are Capnocytophaga canimorsus’ microscopic features & reactions to the four rapid tests?

A 
long gnb, fusiform
grows on CHOC, poorly on BAP, NG on MAC
gliding motility
Oxidase & catalase (+)
Indole & urease (-)
36
Q

What are Bergeyella zoohelcum’s microscopic features & reactions to the four rapid tests?

A

small gnb
grows on CHOC & BAP - yellow, sticky colony
Oxidase, catalase, indole & urease (strong) (+)

37
Q

What are Streptobacillus moniformis’ microscopic features?

A

gnb pleo
grows slow on BAP
Increased moisture

38
Q

What is myositis?

A

infection in muscle - may involve necrosis

39
Q

Causative agent of myositis?

A

S. aureus - but almost anything

40
Q

What is myonecrosis?

A

More extensive necrosis
possibly polymicrobic
sever pain, edema, gas & tissue damage

41
Q

Causative agents of myonecrosis?

A

Clostridium spp. (“gas gangrene”)
Anaerobic streptococci
Enterbacteriaceae

42
Q

What is necrotizing fasciitis?

A

“flesh-eating disease”
severe pain & toxic
rapid spread

43
Q

Causative agents of necrotizing fasciitis?

A

S. pyogenes
S. aureus
Bacteroides
C. perfringens

44
Q

Causative agents of post-surgical infections?

A

Anaerobes
S. aureus
Streptococci
E.coli

45
Q

Causative agents due to soil-contaminated trauma wounds?

A

Pseudomonas

C. tetani/other clostridia

46
Q

Causative agents due to fresh-water contaminated trauma wounds?

A

Aeromonas

Plesiomonas

47
Q

Causative agents due to sea-water contaminated trauma wounds?

A

Vibrio vulnificus

48
Q

Causative agents for burns?

A 
S. aureus
E.coli
gnb
P.aeruginosa
streptococci
CoNS
Candida & Aspergillus
49
Q

Causative agents of decubitis ulcers?

A 
infections are polymicrobic:
Streptococci
S. aureus
coliforms
Pseudomonas
Anaerobes (mainly Bacteroides)
50
Q

What are the 3 types of nodular lymphagitis?

A

Sporotichosis
Nocardiosis
Actinomycosis

51
Q

What is sporotichosis?

A

painless nodule - spreads along lymphatic channels

52
Q

Causative agent of sporotichosis?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

53
Q

What is nocardiosis?

A

cutaneous & non-cutaneous (brain & meninges lesions - supurative necrosis)

54
Q

Causative agents of nocardiosis?

A 
Norcarida brasiliensis (cutaneous)
Nocardia asteroids (invasive)
55
Q

What is actinomycosis?

A

chronic - abscesses, fibrosis of soft tissue, sulphur granules
Face & neck infection
“lumpy jaw”

56
Q

Causative agent of actinomycosis?

A

Actinomyces israelii

57
Q

What are the 5 mycobacterial organisms?

A 
M. marinum
M. ulcerans
M. fortuitum
M. chelonae
M. tuberculosis
58
Q

What is the best specimen, growth rate, atmosphere and staining for mycobacterial organisms?

A
  • skin biopsy or lesion drainages
  • slow, 18-24 days to appear on plates
  • routine
  • AFB stain
59
Q

Source of infection of M. marinum?

A

“swimming pool granuloma” - nodular lymphangitis

60
Q

Source of infection of M. ulcerans?

A

tropical wetlands (swamps)

61
Q

Source of infection of M. fortuitum & M. chelonae?

A

Found in soil

Infection after MVA, nails, splinters

62
Q

Source of infection of M. tuberculosis?

A

Tuberculosis chancre & TVC lesions in tropical areas where children walk

63
Q

What is Mycetoma?

A

chronic skin & subcutaneous infection

progresses slowly - destructive - INVOLVES BONE

64
Q

Two names Mycetoma is known by when caused by fungi or bacteria? And name the causative agents.

A

Eumycetoma (fungal)
- Aspergillus spp. Madurella spp. Pseudoallexcheria boydii
Actinomycetoma (bacteria)
- Nocardia, Actinimodura spp.

65
Q

What is chromoblastomycosis?

A

chronic spreading mycosis

slow progression - large wart (cauliflower like)

66
Q

Causative agents of chromoblastomycosis?

A 
dark walled fungi
Fonsecaea pedrosoi
F. compacta
Philofora
Verucisa
Chladophialofora carionii
67
Q

What is phaeohyphomycosis?

A

infections caused by dark walled fungi

Expand to involve deeper tissues

68
Q

What is murcormycosis?

A

soft tissue fungal infection

dissemination is common

69
Q

What is lobomycosis?

A

progresses slowly - forms nodules on face, arms, legs & feet
Treatment: ONLY surgical excision

70
Q

Causative agent of lobomycosis?

A

Lacazia loboi

71
Q

What systemic infection does Pseudomonas cause & describe it.

A

Ecthyma Gangrenosum (EG)

  • skin lesion
  • painless flat - bullae - black eschar
  • hemorrhage & necrosis
72
Q

What systemic infection does Treponema pallidum cause & describe it.

A

Syphilis
- 1o = genital lesion - painless
- 2o = malculopapular rash
CANNOT be cultured

73
Q

What systemic infection does Borrelia burgdoferi cause & describe it.

A

Lyme disease
“erythema migrans”
- red rash w/ defined borders
- “bull’s eye” lesion

74
Q

What systemic infection does Bartonella henselae cause & describe it.

A

Bartonellosis - cat scratch fever
1o = papule, then flu - skin lesions in crops
2o = enlarged lymph nodes, bacteremia & endocaridits

75
Q

What systemic infection does Bartonella quintana cause & describe it.

A

Bartonellosis - trench fever
transmitted by body lice
presents like cat scratch fever

76
Q

What are the specimens collected and morphology of Bartonella henselae?

A

lesion biopsies & blood cultures

  • sm wk staining gnb (curve)
  • G on CHOC, BAP
  • NG on MAC

MLSC 3008 (1 decks)

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