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SCUBA Diving > SSI Open Water > Flashcards

SSI Open Water Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the percentage of earth is water ?

A

75%

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2
Q

What 4 skills do you need to be a diver ?

A 
The SSI diamond 
Knowledge 
Skill
Equipment 
Experience
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3
Q

What is our set true frontier?

A

The ocean

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4
Q

What is land value and water value ?

A

What you learn out of water related to what you do with information in water

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5
Q

What is SSI water training method?

A

Comfort thru repitition

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6
Q

The total diving system has 6 sub systems what are they ?

A 
1 snorkeling
2 exposure
3 delivery 
4 information
5 buoyancy 
6 accessory
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7
Q

What are 6 parts of SSI diver code ?

A

1 dive within limits of my ability

2 evaluate the conditions before every dive and make sure they fit my personal capabilities

3 be familiar with and check my equipment before and during each dive

4 respect the buddy system and its advantages

5 accept responsibility for my own well being on every dive

6 be environmentally conscious on every dive

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8
Q

What happened to workers that stayed at depth for extended amount of time ?

A

The bends pressure malady and cassions disease

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9
Q

Who invented the demand regulator and what year?

A

Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gangnan in 1943

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10
Q

How much does a liter of sea water weigh ?

A

1.03 kilograms
Or
64lb per cubic foot

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11
Q

How much is a liter of fresh water and how much is heavier than air?

A

1 kilogram
Or
62.5 lbs per cubic ft

800 times heavier than air

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12
Q

Air pressure is measured in what ?

A

Bar in metric

PSI imperial system

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13
Q

For every 10 meters how many bars are added?

A

1 bar for every 10m

Or 33 ft in salt water and 34 ft in fresh water

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14
Q

What is Boyle’s law

A

As pressure increases volume decreases and vise versa

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15
Q

How much does air weigh?

A

0.08 lbs per cubic ft

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16
Q

How is absolute pressure displayed ?

A

PSIA or ATA

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17
Q

What in the body is compressed during sport diving ?

A

Gases

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18
Q

Increase in pressure is called ?

A

Squeeze

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19
Q

Equalization techniques

A

Swallowing
Rotation of jaw
Valsalva technique

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20
Q

What factors in diving vision ?

A 
Refraction 
Absorption 
Illumination
Diffusion
Turbidity
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21
Q

What’s the vision difference underwater?

A

33% larger
25% closer

And lose the colors red orange yellow the deeper you go

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22
Q

What’s the temperature ranges in scuba ?

A

0-33 degrees Celsius

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23
Q

Sound travels ___ many tones faster underwater?

A

4

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24
Q

Body heat is lossy at what taste underwater ?

A

25-30x

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25
Q

The conditions which colors change underwater ?

A

Absorption

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26
Q

Gauge pressure is defined as

A

Absolute pressure minus ata

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27
Q

Thickness and seam

A

Thickness conduction

Seam convection

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28
Q

Dry suits

A

For cold conditions air is filled in suit for thermal protection and prevent suit squeeze

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29
Q

Air is in excellent ______ water is excellent ______ of heat

A

Insulator

Conductor

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30
Q

Heat escapes through head feet and hands

A

Hoods gloves and boots account for 30-40^% of thermal protection

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31
Q

What is attitude ?

A

Technique to swim 15 to 20 degrees allows lungs to be horizontal

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32
Q

While at rest how much gas per minute do we breathe ?

A

6-10 quarts

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33
Q

Underwater you will breathe?

A

.5-.6 cubic ft per min

Most common 80 cubic ft aluminum cylinder

Rate can increase 3-4 times during work

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34
Q

Air is

A

21 %oxygen

79 % nitrogen

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35
Q

1st stage scuba regulator reduce pressure to

A

Approx 140psi

36
Q

2nd stage regulator reduce from 140 to?

A

Ambient pressure which is what’s needs. At depth

37
Q

Most important of cylinder

A

Keeping moisture out of cylinder by keeping minimum pressure

38
Q

What is Archimedes principle

A

An object floating or immersed in a liquid will be buoyed up by the force to the weight of the volume of the liquid displaced

39
Q

What are the 3 parts of buoyancy

A

Positive
Negative
Neutral

40
Q

The buoyancy system is compromised of ?

A

Buoyancy compensator

And weights

41
Q

Your BC maintenance should be ?

A

Take weights off
Rinse and wash
Turn upside down release water
Fill 1/3 full of air store cool dry place

42
Q

BC should be serviced how often ?

A

Annually

43
Q

Steps for assembling equipment

A

1 Pre soak BC strap

2 Face cylinder away from you

3 Place BC proper height

4 Secure BC to cylinder

5 Inspect cylinder o ring or DIN o ring

6 Standing behind the cylinder place delivery system primary regulator on right side and secondary regulator wit info system on the left side

7 Before turning on air cylinder check primary and secondary regulated by taking a breathe should not be able to breathe

8 And attach our inflator to BC

9 face info system down and away

10 turn breathing slow all the way then back half turn

11 employee BC check function relieve and dump valves , leave inflated and check for leak test

12 Check regulator performance and quality of gas by pressing purge valve

13 place information and delivery system inside BC secure it by laying it down

14 reverse process and purge gas from regulator after Main is turn off

44
Q

Artificial light is good for ?

A

To let you see real color at depth

45
Q

What’s In a save a kit?

A 
Extra mask 
O rings
Extra mask strap 
Anti fog solution
Lens cleaner 
Wire ties 
Batteries light bulbs 
Multipurpose tool
46
Q

What are rules of scuba

A

1 Breathe continually

2 ascend slow never more than 10 meters a min

3 never dive alone or beyond level of training

47
Q

What is AGE?

A

Arterial has embolism

When holding your breathe the air bubbles go from aorta to brain and circulatory system eventually blocking them

48
Q

Hypoxia is

A

Lack of oxygen

Brain can’t go further then 4-5 min without it

49
Q

What in pneumothorax?

A

2nd most serious lung injury

Air escapes from pleural lining to rib cage expanding pressure can cause lung collapse and effect heart effecting circulation

50
Q

What is subcutaneous emphysema?

A

Air escapes lungs to heart moves up windpipe into collarbone and the neck

51
Q

What is mediastinal emphysema?

A

Air escapes lungs and presses the Heard and surrounding blood vessels ?

52
Q

What is decompression sickness?

A

Breathing gas under pressure forces large quantities of nitrogen into body

53
Q

Symptoms of decompression sickness ?

A 
Itchy skin 
Visual disturbances 
Motor paralyses 
Weakness 
Loss of manual dexterity
Vertigo
Numbness 
Respiratory distress 
Headache 
Unconsciousness 
Loss of memory 
Nausea
54
Q

What’s recommended to abound decompression sickness?

A

Fly within 24 hours
Drive above 1500 ft

If you conduct more than one dive a day or multiple days extend the 24 hours

55
Q

What is Dalton’s law

A

The total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures

56
Q

Decompression sickness treatment

A

Activate ems system
Treat for shock and monitor vital signs
If qualified administer oxygen
If qualified administer cpr if necessary

57
Q

Factors affecting nitrogen absorption

A 
Illnes
Age 
Alcohol or drug use
Extreme heat or cold 
Old injuries
Prone to blood clots
Obesity 
Mediation
Lack of sleep
Extreme fatigue 
Dehydration
58
Q

Rules of 1/3ds

A

300psi start
1000 psi to explore
1000 psi to return
1000 psi ascent safety

ALWAYS MONITOR COMPUTER!!!

59
Q

SSI recommendations

A

30ft per minute and safety stop for every dive (15 ft 3-5 min )

60
Q

What is nitrogen narcosis?

A

Narcosis in terms of slowing nerve impulses to the brain as increased nitrogen is absorbed under pressure by fatty sheath covering some nerves

61
Q

What’s the real threat on nitrogen narcosis ?

A

The subtle onset of symptoms til it’s too late

62
Q

How to treat nitrogen narcosis?

A

Go back up to shallow depth

Dives shallow than 60 ft should have made acquired more training and diving experience

63
Q

What is oxygen toxicity?

A

If partial pressure can be too high and become poisonous in oxygen 1.6 bar this occurs at 218 ft

64
Q

Oxygen toxicity symptoms acronym ?

A

ConVENTID

Convulsions
Visual problems
Ear disorder
Nausea 
Twitching
Irritability 
Dizziness
65
Q

Oxygen toxicity prevention

A

Never dive as oxygen as main gas

Always analyze the contents of tank if diving gas other than air

Never exceed 1.4 ata ppO2

66
Q

Oxygen toxicity treatment

A

When becomes back to standard pressure convulsions will injure diver more than actuall O2 toxicity

67
Q

Hypercarpnia Carbon dioxide build up prevention

A

Breathe continuously
Stay dodging limit 100 ft
Wear proper total diving system
Don’t over exert

68
Q

Carbon monoxide affinity to hemoglobin is

A

200 times greater

69
Q

Carbon monoxide prevention and treatment

A

Keep cylinder away from motor in proper transfer position

Treatment
Move victim to fresh air
Admin O2
Be prepared to admin CPR
Contact local EMS and arrange transport to medical facility
70
Q

What is pre dive briefing?

A

Let’s know your diving parameters

71
Q

All compass are

A

Magnetic north

72
Q

Need to back on boat with ?

A

35 bar or 500

73
Q

When is safety stop

A

3 meters or 15ft

3-5 minutes

74
Q

When exiting water

A

Keep equipment on and BC inflated in case fall back in water

75
Q

Gas consumption depends on?

A

Your depth
Your gas consumption
Your breathing pattern
The amount work performed

76
Q

What are rip currents

A

Water break over sand bar and reefs

77
Q

If you lose contact with buddy

A

Search for 1 minute 360 degrees then do normal ascent

78
Q

More than ___ earths oxygen is produce by marine plants

A

85%

79
Q

How much earth surface is water ?

A

72%

80
Q

What is soft coral

A

Black and red coral

81
Q

The most common injury ?

A

Animal is surprised by diver and protects itself

82
Q

Hard corals are

A

Elk horn and stag horn

83
Q

Corals are formed

A

When animals skeletons are attached to rock

84
Q

What’s the 3 R rule ?

A

Regain control
Respond
React

85
Q

If your out of air what are options

A

Buddy breathe
If shallow surface
If at depth emergency ascent commit to memory

86
Q

First action panicked diver

A

Fill your BC and instruct to establish positive buoyancy

SCUBA Diving (1 decks)

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