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SSI Open Water Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the percentage of earth is water ?

A

75%

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2
Q

What 4 skills do you need to be a diver ?

A 
The SSI diamond 
Knowledge 
Skill
Equipment 
Experience
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3
Q

What is our set true frontier?

A

The ocean

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4
Q

What is land value and water value ?

A

What you learn out of water related to what you do with information in water

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5
Q

What is SSI water training method?

A

Comfort thru repitition

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6
Q

The total diving system has 6 sub systems what are they ?

A 
1 snorkeling
2 exposure
3 delivery 
4 information
5 buoyancy 
6 accessory
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7
Q

What are 6 parts of SSI diver code ?

A

1 dive within limits of my ability

2 evaluate the conditions before every dive and make sure they fit my personal capabilities

3 be familiar with and check my equipment before and during each dive

4 respect the buddy system and its advantages

5 accept responsibility for my own well being on every dive

6 be environmentally conscious on every dive

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8
Q

What happened to workers that stayed at depth for extended amount of time ?

A

The bends pressure malady and cassions disease

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9
Q

Who invented the demand regulator and what year?

A

Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gangnan in 1943

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10
Q

How much does a liter of sea water weigh ?

A

1.03 kilograms
Or
64lb per cubic foot

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11
Q

How much is a liter of fresh water and how much is heavier than air?

A

1 kilogram
Or
62.5 lbs per cubic ft

800 times heavier than air

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12
Q

Air pressure is measured in what ?

A

Bar in metric

PSI imperial system

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13
Q

For every 10 meters how many bars are added?

A

1 bar for every 10m

Or 33 ft in salt water and 34 ft in fresh water

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14
Q

What is Boyle’s law

A

As pressure increases volume decreases and vise versa

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15
Q

How much does air weigh?

A

0.08 lbs per cubic ft

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16
Q

How is absolute pressure displayed ?

A

PSIA or ATA

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17
Q

What in the body is compressed during sport diving ?

A

Gases

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18
Q

Increase in pressure is called ?

A

Squeeze

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19
Q

Equalization techniques

A

Swallowing
Rotation of jaw
Valsalva technique

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20
Q

What factors in diving vision ?

A 
Refraction 
Absorption 
Illumination
Diffusion
Turbidity
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21
Q

What’s the vision difference underwater?

A

33% larger
25% closer

And lose the colors red orange yellow the deeper you go

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22
Q

What’s the temperature ranges in scuba ?

A

0-33 degrees Celsius

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23
Q

Sound travels ___ many tones faster underwater?

A

4

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24
Q

Body heat is lossy at what taste underwater ?

A

25-30x

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25
The conditions which colors change underwater ?
Absorption
26
Gauge pressure is defined as
Absolute pressure minus ata
27
Thickness and seam
Thickness conduction | Seam convection
28
Dry suits
For cold conditions air is filled in suit for thermal protection and prevent suit squeeze
29
Air is in excellent ______ water is excellent ______ of heat
Insulator | Conductor
30
Heat escapes through head feet and hands
Hoods gloves and boots account for 30-40^% of thermal protection
31
What is attitude ?
Technique to swim 15 to 20 degrees allows lungs to be horizontal
32
While at rest how much gas per minute do we breathe ?
6-10 quarts
33
Underwater you will breathe?
.5-.6 cubic ft per min Most common 80 cubic ft aluminum cylinder Rate can increase 3-4 times during work
34
Air is
21 %oxygen | 79 % nitrogen
35
1st stage scuba regulator reduce pressure to
Approx 140psi
36
2nd stage regulator reduce from 140 to?
Ambient pressure which is what’s needs. At depth
37
Most important of cylinder
Keeping moisture out of cylinder by keeping minimum pressure
38
What is Archimedes principle
An object floating or immersed in a liquid will be buoyed up by the force to the weight of the volume of the liquid displaced
39
What are the 3 parts of buoyancy
Positive Negative Neutral
40
The buoyancy system is compromised of ?
Buoyancy compensator | And weights
41
Your BC maintenance should be ?
Take weights off Rinse and wash Turn upside down release water Fill 1/3 full of air store cool dry place
42
BC should be serviced how often ?
Annually
43
Steps for assembling equipment
1 Pre soak BC strap 2 Face cylinder away from you 3 Place BC proper height 4 Secure BC to cylinder 5 Inspect cylinder o ring or DIN o ring 6 Standing behind the cylinder place delivery system primary regulator on right side and secondary regulator wit info system on the left side 7 Before turning on air cylinder check primary and secondary regulated by taking a breathe should not be able to breathe 8 And attach our inflator to BC 9 face info system down and away 10 turn breathing slow all the way then back half turn 11 employee BC check function relieve and dump valves , leave inflated and check for leak test 12 Check regulator performance and quality of gas by pressing purge valve 13 place information and delivery system inside BC secure it by laying it down 14 reverse process and purge gas from regulator after Main is turn off
44
Artificial light is good for ?
To let you see real color at depth
45
What’s In a save a kit?
``` Extra mask O rings Extra mask strap Anti fog solution Lens cleaner Wire ties Batteries light bulbs Multipurpose tool ```
46
What are rules of scuba
1 Breathe continually 2 ascend slow never more than 10 meters a min 3 never dive alone or beyond level of training
47
What is AGE?
Arterial has embolism | When holding your breathe the air bubbles go from aorta to brain and circulatory system eventually blocking them
48
Hypoxia is
Lack of oxygen Brain can’t go further then 4-5 min without it
49
What in pneumothorax?
2nd most serious lung injury Air escapes from pleural lining to rib cage expanding pressure can cause lung collapse and effect heart effecting circulation
50
What is subcutaneous emphysema?
Air escapes lungs to heart moves up windpipe into collarbone and the neck
51
What is mediastinal emphysema?
Air escapes lungs and presses the Heard and surrounding blood vessels ?
52
What is decompression sickness?
Breathing gas under pressure forces large quantities of nitrogen into body
53
Symptoms of decompression sickness ?
``` Itchy skin Visual disturbances Motor paralyses Weakness Loss of manual dexterity Vertigo Numbness Respiratory distress Headache Unconsciousness Loss of memory Nausea ```
54
What’s recommended to abound decompression sickness?
Fly within 24 hours Drive above 1500 ft If you conduct more than one dive a day or multiple days extend the 24 hours
55
What is Dalton’s law
The total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures
56
Decompression sickness treatment
Activate ems system Treat for shock and monitor vital signs If qualified administer oxygen If qualified administer cpr if necessary
57
Factors affecting nitrogen absorption
``` Illnes Age Alcohol or drug use Extreme heat or cold Old injuries Prone to blood clots Obesity Mediation Lack of sleep Extreme fatigue Dehydration ```
58
Rules of 1/3ds
300psi start 1000 psi to explore 1000 psi to return 1000 psi ascent safety ALWAYS MONITOR COMPUTER!!!
59
SSI recommendations
30ft per minute and safety stop for every dive (15 ft 3-5 min )
60
What is nitrogen narcosis?
Narcosis in terms of slowing nerve impulses to the brain as increased nitrogen is absorbed under pressure by fatty sheath covering some nerves
61
What’s the real threat on nitrogen narcosis ?
The subtle onset of symptoms til it’s too late
62
How to treat nitrogen narcosis?
Go back up to shallow depth Dives shallow than 60 ft should have made acquired more training and diving experience
63
What is oxygen toxicity?
If partial pressure can be too high and become poisonous in oxygen 1.6 bar this occurs at 218 ft
64
Oxygen toxicity symptoms acronym ?
ConVENTID ``` Convulsions Visual problems Ear disorder Nausea Twitching Irritability Dizziness ```
65
Oxygen toxicity prevention
Never dive as oxygen as main gas Always analyze the contents of tank if diving gas other than air Never exceed 1.4 ata ppO2
66
Oxygen toxicity treatment
When becomes back to standard pressure convulsions will injure diver more than actuall O2 toxicity
67
Hypercarpnia Carbon dioxide build up prevention
Breathe continuously Stay dodging limit 100 ft Wear proper total diving system Don’t over exert
68
Carbon monoxide affinity to hemoglobin is
200 times greater
69
Carbon monoxide prevention and treatment
Keep cylinder away from motor in proper transfer position ``` Treatment Move victim to fresh air Admin O2 Be prepared to admin CPR Contact local EMS and arrange transport to medical facility ```
70
What is pre dive briefing?
Let’s know your diving parameters
71
All compass are
Magnetic north
72
Need to back on boat with ?
35 bar or 500
73
When is safety stop
3 meters or 15ft | 3-5 minutes
74
When exiting water
Keep equipment on and BC inflated in case fall back in water
75
Gas consumption depends on?
Your depth Your gas consumption Your breathing pattern The amount work performed
76
What are rip currents
Water break over sand bar and reefs
77
If you lose contact with buddy
Search for 1 minute 360 degrees then do normal ascent
78
More than ___ earths oxygen is produce by marine plants
85%
79
How much earth surface is water ?
72%
80
What is soft coral
Black and red coral
81
The most common injury ?
Animal is surprised by diver and protects itself
82
Hard corals are
Elk horn and stag horn
83
Corals are formed
When animals skeletons are attached to rock
84
What’s the 3 R rule ?
Regain control Respond React
85
If your out of air what are options
Buddy breathe If shallow surface If at depth emergency ascent commit to memory
86
First action panicked diver
Fill your BC and instruct to establish positive buoyancy

SCUBA Diving (1 decks)

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