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ANTHROPOLOGY > SSE FINAL 2ND SEM > Flashcards

SSE FINAL 2ND SEM Flashcards

1
Q

political concept

community of person, who are more or less numerous, occupying a territory, having government, and sovereignty

A

state

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2
Q

the origin of states: (theories)

A
  1. divine right theory
  2. force/necessity theory
  3. paternalistic theory
  4. instinctive theory
  5. economic theory
  6. social contract theory
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3
Q

origin of the state:
based from the bible (choosing king/leader)

A

divine right theory

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4
Q

the origion of state based:
history
colonization leading to a slavery

A

force/necessity theory

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5
Q

the origin of the state based on
the bible
the geneology of jesus christ (patriarch)

A

paternalistic theory

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6
Q

the origin of the state based on
intuition
more on psychology based

A

instinctive theory

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7
Q

the origin of the state based on
productivity
knowing how to utilize the ability of the members

A

economic theory

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8
Q

the origin of the state based on
the obligation of an individual as a citizen of a state

A

social contract theory

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9
Q

three notable person in the social contract theory

A

thomas hobbes
jean jacque rousseau
john locke

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10
Q

the elemrnt of the state

A
  1. people
  2. territory
  3. government
  4. sovereignty
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11
Q

an element of the state that pertains to the inhabitants or citizens of the state

A

people

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12
Q

3 types of citizenship

A

natural born
dual citizen
naturalize

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13
Q

an element of that state that pertains to boundary or jurisdiction of the state

A

territory

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14
Q

territories:

A

fluvial (maritime)
terrestrial (land domain)
arial (air space)

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15
Q

an element of the state that pertains tl the is responsible for maintainin its existence and carry its functions

A

government

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16
Q

purpose/necessity of the gov

A
  1. peace and order
  2. national security
  3. promote general welfare
  4. public morality
  5. liberty and justice
  6. economic development
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17
Q

branches of the government

A

executive

legislative

judicial

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18
Q

branch of the gov:

makes the law

A

legislative

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19
Q

branch of gov:

execute/approves the law

A

executive

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20
Q

branch of gov:

interpret/ evaluate the law

A

judicial

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21
Q

COURTS:

A

regular court

special court

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22
Q

regular court:

A

municipal trial court
metropolitan trial court
regional trial court
supreme court
court of appeals

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23
Q

special courts:

A

ombudsman
court of tax appeals
sandiganbayan

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24
Q

FORMS OF THE GOV in terms of the number of ruler/leader

A

monarchy
democracy
oligarchy

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25
Q

monarchy

A

constitutional monarchy : prime minister

absoulate monarchy: solely king/queen

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26
Q

the rule of the elite
aristocrats

A

aristocracy/oligarchy

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27
Q

voted by the mass/ppl

A

democracy

(pue/direct demoracy, republican/representative democracy)

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28
Q

the supreme power of the state

external: can participate/negotiate with countries

internal: authority within own territory

A

sovereignty

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29
Q

ethnic concept

cultural identity without the statehood

religious beliefs, spiritual, ethnicity

A

nation

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30
Q

political leaders

not inherited

no formal authority

encourage his ppl/tribe to be a leader

intensify production

A

bigman

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31
Q

headed by a chief

inherited position

various communities that come together

barangay: smallest unit of government

A

chiefdom

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32
Q

occurs when the actions of an influencing agent change the attitude, beliefs, or behaviors, of their target

A

social influence

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33
Q

CATEGORIES OF POWER

A

reward power

personal power

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34
Q

a power that is dependend on one’s social positioning witin the organization

A

reward power

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35
Q

a power that the basis is defined by one’s followers

A

personal power

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36
Q

FIVE BASIS OF POWER

A
  1. reward power
  2. legitimate power
  3. referent power
  4. expert power
  5. coercive power
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37
Q

the ability to issue rewards for compliance (type of reward power)

A

reward power

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38
Q

formal right to give out directions and commands, due to their social positioning (type of reward power)

A

legitimate power

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39
Q

when an influencing agent’s experience or knowledge allows targets to influence to trust them (type of personal power)

A

expert power

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40
Q

trust of respect afforded to an influence agent, typically based on their general disposition and behavior (type of personal power

A

referent power

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41
Q

Coeformal power source, where influencing agent use the threat of force to gain compliance from targets of influence. can include: social, emotional, political, physival, economic means and is not always recognized by the target

A

coercive power

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42
Q

one of the most fully developed bodies of theory in social sciences, one that has advanced the field of national security by illuminating the logic that underlies threats, violence, and war

thomas crombie schelling: arms and influence (1996)

A

coercion theory

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43
Q

Fundamental Strategies in the Use to Military Force

A

annihilation

erosion

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44
Q

make enemy helpless to resist, by physically destroying his military capabilities

A

annihilation

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45
Q

to convice the enemy to accept terms will be less painful than continuing to agress to resist

A

erosion

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46
Q

coercion is about future pain, about structuring the enemy’s incentives so that he behaves in a particular way. it manipulates the power to hurt and involves making a threat to do something one has not yet done

the coercer forces another actor to calculate, force, decide based on his own interests and position-wheter or not to resist the threat being made

A

threats

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47
Q

involves a threat to keep an adversary “from starting something” or to prevent from action by fear of consequences

A

deterrence

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48
Q

a threat intended to make an adversary do something

A

compellence

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49
Q

forcible action

land power, crucial. if an army can control the situation on the ground. it ultimately can dispense with seekin and adversary’s cooperation

if strong enough, an army can remove an existing government and replace it with one that is more congenial to the political authorities

A

brute force

50
Q

the capacity to assert control by creating desirable, legitimate, values without involving unconventional means

majorly associated with politics. orginates from set rules and guidelines

one can influence

A

social power

51
Q

TYPES OF SOCIAL POWER

A

legal domination
traditional domination
charismatic domination

52
Q

popular belief in the legality of established laws and the power-bearer’s right to mandate and exercise domination according to then

A

legal domination

53
Q

popular belief in the sacredness of existing traditions and the legitimacy of using these traditions to exercise authority

A

traditional domination

54
Q

popular belief in the holiness, heroism, or exemplary status of a person or legal system developed by them

A

charismatic domination

55
Q

an organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship a god or group of gods

A

religion

56
Q

resomething done with overanxious or scrupulous attention to detail

A

religio

57
Q

to tie together or to bind fast)

A

religare

58
Q

common characteristics of religion

A

community
creed
code
cult

59
Q

Three philosophical views
atheists, theists, agnostics

A

belief in deity (cult)

60
Q

believe that no deity exists

A

atheist

61
Q

believe in deity or deities

A

theists

62
Q

say the exitence of deity cannot be proved or disprove

A

agnostics

63
Q

based on the belief that people are in some danger from which they must be saved

major religions: islam, christianity, buddhism, and hinduism tress the salvation is the highest goal of faithful and one all the followers should try to achieve

A

doctrine of salvation (creed)

64
Q

based on the belief that people are in some danger from which they must be saved

major religions: islam, christianity, buddhism, and hinduism tress the salvation is the highest goal of faithful and one all the followers should try to achieve

A

doctrine of salvation (creed)

65
Q

set of moral teachings and values that all religions have in some form

such code or ethics tell believers how to conduct their lives

instruct them how to act toward the deity and one another

A

code of conduct (code)

66
Q

acts and ceremonies by which believers appeal to and serve God, deties, and other sacred power

commemorate events in historyof religions and mark important events in a person’s life

service, meditation, pilgrimages

A

religious rituals (community)

67
Q

performance on ritual

A

service

68
Q

most common prayer in some asian religion

A

meditation

69
Q

ritual intended to purify the soul

A

pilgrimages

70
Q

theories on the origin of religion

A

animistic theory

wish fulfillment theory

nature worship theory

magic theory

theory of original monotheism

71
Q

Edwar Burnett Taylor:

Robert Henry Cordington:

A

animistic theories

72
Q

primitive ppl believe in soul found in all nature and they offer sacrifice to these spirits

A

Edward Burnett Taylor animistic theory

73
Q

mysterious force that inhabitated all of nature

A

robert henry cordington animistic theory

74
Q

mysterious force that inhabitated all of nature

A

robert henry cordington animistic theory

75
Q

primitive ppl identified, personified, and creates myths about the regularity of the seasons, the phases of the moon, and the tides

A

nature worship theory

76
Q

primitive ppl identified, personified, and creates myths about the regularity of the seasons, the phases of the moon, and the tides

A

nature worship theory

77
Q

primitive ppl identified, personified, and creates myths about the regularity of the seasons, the phases of the moon, and the tides

A

nature worship theory

78
Q

Wilhelm Schmidt

A

theory of original monotheism

79
Q

Wilhelm Schmidt

A

theory of original monotheism

80
Q

there have been one great god all above all others but he went away and had little contact with the world that resulted to worship local deties

A

wilhelm schmidt theory of original monotheism

81
Q

there have been one great god all above all others but he went away and had little contact with the world that resulted to worship local deties

A

wilhelm schmidt theory of original monotheism

82
Q

ppl had gone three phases of development consuming the spirit world (1) primitive magiv, (2) religion, (3) science

A

james george frazer magic theory

83
Q

ppl had gone three phases of development consuming the spirit world (1) primitive magiv, (2) religion, (3) science

A

james george frazer magic theory

84
Q

Wish Fulfillment Theory

A

ludwig andres von feuerbach
karl heinrich marx
sigmunf freud

85
Q

Wish Fulfillment Theory

A

ludwig andres von feuerbach
karl heinrich marx
sigmunf freud

86
Q

troubled ppl who could not cope withthe difficulties in life projected their wishes and developeed gods and religions

A

ludwig andres von feuerbach wish fulfillment theory

87
Q

troubled ppl who could not cope withthe difficulties in life projected their wishes and developeed gods and religions

A

ludwig andres von feuerbach wish fulfillment theory

88
Q

religions were created by the few as a means to control the masses and suppress revolution as a result of a continuing struggle between classes. masses were persuaded to accept poverty and be obedient to inherit bliss in another life

A

karl heinrich marx wish fulfillment theory

89
Q

religions were created by the few as a means to control the masses and suppress revolution as a result of a continuing struggle between classes. masses were persuaded to accept poverty and be obedient to inherit bliss in another life

A

karl heinrich marx wish fulfillment theory

90
Q

religions originated from the guilt that individuals supposedly feel in hating their fathers. as a result of this subconscious hatred and ensuing guilt, a great father image was projected in the sky called God

A

sigmund freud wish fulfillment theory

91
Q

religions originated from the guilt that individuals supposedly feel in hating their fathers. as a result of this subconscious hatred and ensuing guilt, a great father image was projected in the sky called God

A

sigmund freud wish fulfillment theory

92
Q

human need for meaning and purpose: provides ppl with a framework for understandting the world around them and for making sense in their place within it

coping with existential question: helps to cope with the meaning of life, nature of death, problem of devil. by answering these questions, ppl find comfort and solace in the face of life challenges

promoting Social Cohesion: involved shared rituals, symbols, and value that help to create a sense of community among believers

explaning natural phenomena: religion has also been used to explain natural phenomena such as the seasons, the weathers, cycles of life and death. ppl saw themselves as part of a larger cosmic order

seeking guidance and protection: this may involve praying for blessing,making offering to deties. ppl feel more empowered to overcome challenges and achieve their goals

A

THE UNIVERSALITY OF RELIGION/REASON

93
Q

monotheistic vs polytheistic religion: number of gods

rituals and practices: baptism (christia), fasting (islam), offering food to deties (hindu)

interpretation of religious text: diff interpretation on each religious text

religion and gender: shaping gender roles and expectations. some religions, women are not allowed to take certain roles

A

variations in religion and rituals

94
Q

environmetal stewardship: beliefs and practices were closely tied to natural world
resilience in the face of adversity: have provided ppl comfort and hope in times of crisis and helped to foster social cohesion and community support network

cross-cultural adpatation: many religious traditions have spread across different culture and have helped to facilitate the exchabge of goods, ideas, and technologies

adaptation to social change: have adapated social changes such as gender roles to promote social justice and equality

A

religion and adaptation

95
Q

world major religions

A
  1. animism
  2. hinduism
  3. buddhism
  4. christianity
  5. judaism
  6. islam
96
Q

the belief of all living and non-living things in nature have spirit

was the belief system of many early civilizations

dates to the earliest human and still exists.

exist in traditional african, asian, american, and aboriginals culture

can be practiced by anyone who believes in spirituality, but does not prescribe to an organized religion

A

animism

97
Q

has no single founder
• originated from the mixing of harappan and aryan cultures in ancient inda around 1500 BCE

hindus believe in one unifying spirit.

brahman can manifest many (polytheistic) forms or one (monotheistic)

reincarnation

the soul moves up and down a hierarchy depending on their behavior in life

a person moves closer to Brahman by observing the law of karma

good deeds = following your dharma

CASTE SYSTEM:

A

hinduism

98
Q

the sacred text of hinduism

A

vedas

99
Q

hindus believe in one unifying spirit
it can manifest into many (polytheistic) forms or one (monotheistic)

A

brahman

100
Q

based on the concept of the spirit comes back again and again to be one with brahman

A

reincarnation

101
Q

sum of all your good deeds and bad

A

law of karma

102
Q

duties dependent on your position, gender, and occupation

A

dharma

103
Q

outlaw since 1948. calasses into which a person is born and lives their entire life. person has a good karma = higher caste

A

caste system

104
Q

priest, teachers

A

brahmin

105
Q

warriors and rulers

A

kshatriya

106
Q

farmers, traders, merchants

A

vaisya

107
Q

laborers

A

sudra

108
Q

untouchables, streetsweepers

A

dalit

109
Q

founded by siddharta gautama

A

buddhism

110
Q

today’s leadin buddhist

A

dalai lama

111
Q

buddhis is based on four notable truths

A
  1. all life is sufferin
  2. sufferin is caused by the desire of things that are illusion
  3. the way to eliminate suffering is to eliminate desire
  4. following the eight fold path will help people overcome desire
112
Q

eightfold path

A

right view
right intention
right speech
right action
right livelihood
right effort
right concentration
right mindfulness

113
Q

scared text of buddhism

A

tripitraka

114
Q

one of the first monotheistic religion, originated from middle east

A

judaism

115
Q

sacred text of judaism

A

torah

116
Q

jews were discriminated and kcked out of their homeland, israel

A

diaspora

117
Q

originated in the middle east with prophet muhammad

A

islam

118
Q

born in mecca and traveled into medina

A

muhammad

119
Q

sacred text of islam

A

quran

120
Q

the journey of muhammad that became the founding of islam

A

hijra

121
Q

collection of islamic law

A

sharia

122
Q

the five pillars of islam

A

shahada
salat
zakat
sawm
hajj

ANTHROPOLOGY (4 decks)

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