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CHEMISTRY012 > SSC LONG QUIZ > Flashcards

SSC LONG QUIZ Flashcards

1
Q

Properties that are influenced by soil
texture include

A

PPISW
porosity, permeability, infiltration, shrink-swell rate, water-holding
capacity

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2
Q

the only soil in which neither sand, silt nor clay
predominates is called

A

loam

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3
Q

The mineral
constituents of a loam soil

A

40% sand
40% silt
20% clay

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4
Q

Sand is least active, having the least specific surface area, followed by silt; clay is
the most active.

A

SSC
SAND>SILT>CLAY

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5
Q

USDA STANDS FOR?

A

UNITED STATED DEPARTMENT of AGRICULTURE

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6
Q

REVIEW TEXTURAL TRIANGLE

A
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7
Q

The clumping of the soil textural components of sand, silt and clay
causes

A

AGGREGATE

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8
Q

to form and the further association of those aggregates into
larger units creates

A

SOIL STRUCTURE/PEDS

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9
Q

Soil structure affects

A

AWCPR
aeration, water movement, conduction of heat, plant root
growth and resistance to erosion

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10
Q

RESEMBLES COOKIE CRUMBS AND USUALLY LESS THAN 0.5 CM IN DIAMETER. COMMONLY FOUND IN SURFACE HORIZONS WHERE ROOTS HAVE BEEN GROWING

A

GRANULAR

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11
Q

IRREGULAR BLOCKS THAT ARE USUALLY 1.5-5.0 CM IN DIAMETER

A

BLOCKY

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12
Q

VERTICAL COLUMNS OF SOIL THAT MIGHT BE A NUMBER OF CM LONG. USUALLY FOUND IN LOWER HORIZONS

A

PRISMATIC

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13
Q

VERTICAL COLUMNS OF SOIL THAT HAVE A SALT CAP. AT THE TOP. FOUND IN SOILS OF ARID CLIMATE

A

COLUMNAR

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14
Q

THIN, FLAT PLATES OF SOIL THAT LIE HORIZONTALLY. USUALLY FOUND IN COMPACTED SOIL

A

PLATY

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15
Q

SOIL IS BROKEN INTO INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES THAT DO NOT STICK TOGETHER. ALWAYS ACCOMPANIES A LOOSE CONSISTENCE COMMONLY FOUD IN SANDY SOILS

A

SINGLE GRAINED

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16
Q

Peds are flattened one atop the other 1–10 mm thick. Found in the Ahorizon of forest soils and lake sedimentation.

A

PLATY

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17
Q

Prismlike peds are long in the vertical dimension,
10–100 mm wide. Prismatic peds have flat tops, columnar peds have rounded
tops. Tend to form in the B-horizon in high sodium soil where clay has
accumulated.

A

PRISMATIC and Columnar

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18
Q

Blocky peds are imperfect cubes, 5–50 mm, angular
have sharp edges, subangular have rounded edges. Tend to form in the Bhorizon where clay has accumulated and indicate poor water penetration.

A

Angular and Subangular

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19
Q

Spheroid peds of polyhedrons, 1–10 mm, often found in
the A-horizon in the presence of organic material. Crumb peds are more
porous and are considered ideal.

A

Granular and Crumb

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20
Q

: Is a measure of the degree of development or cementation within
the peds that results in their strength and stability.

A

Grades

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21
Q

Weak cementation allows peds to fall apart into the three textural constituents,
sand, silt and clay.

A

WEAK

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22
Q

: Peds are not distinct in undisturbed soil but when removed they break into
aggregates, some broken aggregates and little unaggregated material. This is
considered ideal.

A

MODERATE

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23
Q

PEDS are distinct before removed from the profile and do not break apart easily

A

STRONG

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24
Q

Soil is entirely cemented together in one great mass such as slabs of clay
or no cementation at all such as with sand.

A

STRUCTURELESS

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25
Q

Soil ______ is typically 2.60 to 2.75 grams per cm3 and is usually
unchanging for a given soil. ______ with high organic
matter content, and is higher for soils with high iron-oxides content.

A

PARTICLE DENSITY

26
Q

Soil ________ is equal to the dry mass of the soil divided by the volume of the
soil; i.e., it includes air space and organic materials of the soil volume. Thereby soil
bulk density is always less than soil particle density and is a good indicator of soil
compaction.

A

Bulk Density

27
Q

The soil bulk density of cultivated loam is about

A

1.1 to 1.4 g/cm3
(for comparison
water is 1.0 g/cm3
).

28
Q

The more _______ the soil is the the greater is the bulk density value and the less _____ it is.

A

COMPACT and POROUS

29
Q

FORMULA FOR BULK DENSITY IS

A

BD=Ws/Vt

30
Q

1.0-1.3

A

Normal Soil

31
Q

> 1.3

A

Compacted Soil, poor soil structure

32
Q

> 1.0

A

Very loose Soil

33
Q

Sandy soils have ____ because the particles tend to lie close

A

HIGHER BULK DENSITY

34
Q

of soils is the mass (dry weight) per unit volume of soil excluding the pore spaces within that soil volume

A

PARTICLE DENSITY

35
Q

Particle density (2.65g/cm^3) indicate the

A

mineral ancestry of soil

36
Q

A higher particle density that (2.70g/cm^3) may mean that the soil could have been derived from?

A

Heavy minerals like iron bearing minerals

37
Q

A low particle density (less than 2.50 g/cm^3) may indicate that the soil is ?

A

high in humus

38
Q

The equation for determining soil particle density is?

A

PD=Ws/Vs

39
Q

the quality or degree of having minute spaces or holes through which liquid or air may pass.

A

POROSITY

40
Q

is that part of the bulk volume of soil that is not occupied by either
mineral or organic matter but is open space occupied by either gases or water. In a
productive, medium-textured soil the total pore space is typically about 50% of
the soil volume.

A

PORE SPACE

41
Q

PORE SIZE

A

CRYPTOPORES>ULTRAMICROSPORES>MICROPORES>MESOPORES>MACROSPORES

42
Q

The higher its bulk density the lower its _____

A

Porosity

43
Q

SOIL POROSITY FORMULA

A

%PS = [1-BD/PD] X 100

44
Q

is the ability of soil to stick to itself or to other objects
(cohesion and adhesion, respectively) and its ability to resist deformation and
rupture.

A

CONSISTENCY

45
Q

A soil’s resistance to fragmentation and crumbling is assessed in the dry state by
rubbing the sample. Its resistance to shearing forces is assessed in the moist state
by thumb and finger pressure.

A

CONSISTENCY

46
Q

depends on the ratio of the energy absorbed to that lost. Soil has
a temperature range between -20 to 60 °C, with a mean annual temperature from
-10 to 26 °C according to biomes.

A

SOIL TEMPERATURE

47
Q
  • Soils can process and hold considerable amount of water. They can take in water,
    and will keep doing so until they are full, or until the rate at which they can
    transmit water into and through the pores is exceeded. Some of this water will
    steadily drain through the soil (via gravity) and end up in
    the waterways and streams, but much of it will be _______
A

RETAINED(SOIL WATER RETENTION)

48
Q

The maximum amount of water that a given soil can retain is called

A

Field Capacity

49
Q

whereas a soil so dry that plants cannot liberate the remaining moisture from the
soil particles is said to be at

A

wilting point

50
Q

The process by which soil absorbs water and water drains downwards is
called

A

Percolation

51
Q

Soil water retention is essential to life. It provides an ongoing supply of water to
plants between periods of replenishment

A

Infiltration

52
Q

SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT( θ) FORMULA

A

θ%=[(FW-ODW)] X 100

53
Q

VOLUMETRIC MOISTURE CONTENT

A

Vw/Vt=θ

54
Q

SOIL WATER DEPTH (HW)

A

Hw = Ov x Ht

55
Q

a measure of the energy state of water in the soil

A

SOIL MOISTURE TENSION(SMT)

56
Q

Moisture Content when pore spaces are fully-filled up with water

A

SATURATION(SAT)

57
Q

Moisture content of the previously saturated soil

A

FIELD CAPACITY

58
Q

The moisture content of turgid plants begin to wilt permanently

A

PERMANENT WILTING COEFFICIENT(PWC)

59
Q

Air dry moisture content which is highly dependent on the relative humidity of the atmosphere

A

Hygroscopic coefficient (HC)

60
Q

_________ condition involves putting the moist soil in an oven at 105-110 C for 24 hours

A

Oven drying (OD)

61
Q

Gravitation Water (GW)

A

GW = SAT-FC

62
Q

AVAILABLE WATER CONTENT (AWC)

A

AWC= FC-PWP

CHEMISTRY012 (2 decks)

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