SS Midterm Review Flashcards
What is an abolitionist?
Someone who wants to put an end to something (slavery)
What is cavalry
Soldiers on horseback
The president of the Confederacy is
Jefferson Davis
The Battle of (BLANK) was the second time the CSA invaded the North (the Union). The first time was the Battle of (BLANK)
Gettysburg, Antietam
Before the Battle of Gettysburg, the (BLANK) was winning most of the Civil War Battles in the East.
South
Before the Battle of Gettysburg, the (BLANK) was winning most of the Civil War Battles in the West.
North
Which Confederate commander suffered a serious wound (accidentally by one of his own men) at the Battle of Chancellorsville? He died before Gettysburg.
Stonewall Jackson
Who was the commander of the Union during the Battle of Gettysburg?
George Meade
Who did Meade replace? Why?
Joe Hooker
Hooker lost the Battle of Chancellorsville badly to Lee; Hooker also did not pursue Lee after the battle (May of 1863)
Why was the battle fought at Gettysburg?
Many roads led to and through Gettysburg. The Southern army passed it up, but they returned looking for supplies.
How many days did the battle of gettysburg last? 3 What were the dates?
July 1 to 3, 1863
Know the estimated number of soldiers involved in the battle of Gettysburg:
90,000 Union vs. 70,000 Confederate
Which side won day one of the battle?
South
Winner of the entire battle?
Union/North
Why was Lee angry with General Ewell after day one of the battle?
General Ewell failed to take the “high ground/Cemetery Hill” south of the town, although Lee’s orders were vague (Lee used the term “practicable”)
Which one of Lee’s men went missing for the first 2 days of the battle? Why was this important?
J.E.B Stuart
Stuart was the cavalry leader, which means he was supposed to be informing Lee of the Union army’s size and movements. By going missing, Stuart made it so Lee was unsure of where the enemy was.
Know the 3 big mistakes of the Confederacy during Gettysburg:
1)Lee ordering the charge on Day 3 in the center of the Union line
2)General Ewell not taking the high ground just South of Gettysburg
3) J.E.B. Stuart not reporting to Lee on the Union position for most of the battle
By day 2 the Union occupied (BLANK) And the CSA occupied (BLANK)
Cemetery Ridge, Seminary Ridge.
The week of July 4th, 1863 was a major turning point in the Civil War in favor of the North, The North won the Battle of (BLANK) and also won The Battle of (BLANK)
Vicksburg, Gettysburg
Union General Dan Sickles made a mistake during Day 2. What was it?
Sickles moved his army out too far, thereby leaving a hole in the Union line, which allowed the CSA to almost break through and win the battle on Day 2 (but the Union was able to stop them despite Sickle’s mistake.
Joshua L. Chamberlain was heroic on Day 2. What did he do to save Little Round Top?
His famous bayonet charge order when his men were just about out of ammunition.
Who was the only Gettysburg resident/citizen killed during the battle?
Jennie Wade
How did Jennie Wade die?
a stray bullet hit her while she was in a house in the middle of the battlefield
George Pickett will forever be remembered for what on Day 3 at Gettysburg.
A failed “charge”
There were (BLANK) casualties at Gettysburg making it the (BLANK) battle in American history.
51,000, Bloodiest
The Civil War continued for (how long?) after the Battle of Gettysburg.
2 years
Who did Lee blame for the loss at Gettysburg?
himself
How long after the Battle did Lincoln give the Gettysburg Address? What was the occasion? How long was Lincoln’s speech at Gettysburg?
4 ½ months (Nov 1863),
Dedication of the Gettysburg Cemetery
2 minutes
Four score and seven years =
87 years.
When was Reconstruction (the years?)
1863 -1877
Who was Andrew Johnson? Why did Lincoln choose him as his running mate in 1864?
Lincoln was a republican and born in Kentucky but lived in Illinois. Johnson was a democrat from Tennessee. Lincoln chose him because he wanted to show the North and South that he was fair. He wanted to show the citizens of the Country that he believed in Unity. Also so that they could see that both political parties could work together. (This probably wouldn’t happen today).
What’s the difference between Presidential Reconstruction (1865-67) and Congressional Reconstruction (1867-77)
1)Presidential reconstruction 1865-1867: More lenient towards the South
2)Congressional Reconstruction 1867-1877: Wanted retribution of the South for causing the Civil War
Which group led Congressional Reconstruction?
Radical Republicans
What was controversial about Alexander Stephens? Who was he? and what happened to him after the Civil War?
Alexander Stephens was the vice president of the CSA and after the war, he was elected to be part of the senate. What was controversial is that he switched from the CSA to the Union.
Freedman’s Bureau
It divided some former Confederate land among freed slaves, it lasted only until 1872, Often set up schools for former slaves Included many Northerners as workers.
“black codes”
basically segregation laws which limited black freedom.
Ku Klux Klan-
know that President Grant “crushed” the Klan, which was an anti-black association.
13th Amendment:
no more slavery!!!
14th Amendment:
If you are born in a state/in the US you are a citizen of the US.
15th Amendment:
If you are a citizen of the US you can vote no matter your race.
Radical Republicans:
people with a strong opposition to slavery.
scalawags:
a southerner (usually white) who helped the union/ liked and supported reconstruction.
carpetbaggers:
northerners who profit off south economic opportunities, seen as scum.
Transcontinental Railroad-
a railroad going from east to west of the U.S.
know the problem caused by government subsidies:
People in the railroad business got more money the longer the railroad was, so they would build the railroad in an unnecessary way (curvy etc.)
Know the following about Thomas Jefferson’s concept of “unalienable rights”: Just remember Hamilton
Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness are the 3 listed in the Dec. of Indep.
They come from God and not any government
What is impeachment? Which house impeaches? And which house removes/convicts?
Impeachment is when a president is charged with misconduct.
The House of Representatives impeaches.
The Senate removes/convicts.
How many presidents have been impeached? Name them. How many have been removed by the Senate following impeachment?
Only three US presidents have been impeached but not removed permanently.
They were Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, and Donald Trump.
No presidents have been removed from office following impeachment
Know: The TCR cut coast to coast travel from (BLANK) to (BLANK)!!!;know that the Golden Spike was hammered down in Utah.
6 months, 10 days
What does the title, Monopoly-not always a game, imply?
Monopolies can sometimes have negative consequences and that monopolies can destroy some businesses and sometimes it raises businesses
Mark Twain-his masterpiece?
American Author, wrote Adventures of Tom Sawyer, and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. He used to be a “boater” which is how he got his name.
Homer Plessy;
“Separate but equal” became the law of the land when Homer Plessy was arrested for riding in the “white section” of a railroad car.
John Marshall Harlan;
The Supreme Court Justice that dissented from “Separate but Equal.” He famously said, “Our Constitution is Colorblind.”
Andrew Carnegie
Was the person most closely connected to the Steel Industry and helped rebuild Chicago
J.D. Rockefeller
Most closely connected to the Oil Industry, held a trust on Oil and was said to have monopolized the industry.
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Most closely connected to transportation (particularly railroads and steamships)
Frederick Law Olmsted;
He designed great landscapes like Central Park, NY and brought beauty into architecture
Frank Lloyd Wright;
Famous american architect
Washington Roebling;
Made the Brooklyn Bridge
Joseph Pulitzer
American newspaper editor and publisher who helped to establish the pattern of the modern newspaper, led funding for Lady Liberty to be displayed at Centennial Exposition.
Thomas Edison:
made the lightbulb and his first big invention was the writing telegraph and sold it for $30,000.
market economy
Capitalism- an economic system in which goods are bought and sold and prices are determined by the free market, with a minimum of external government control.
command economy
represents north korea, organized by the government, communism (dictatorship can vote out a bad ruler) and socialism (usually democrats)
traditional economy:
represents native americans pre Columbus, women work at home, do what your parents did.
monopoly
when one company takes over an entire industry.
Texas Longhorn:
hybrid breed from Spanish and English cattle, connected to the Chisholm Trail, cheap in the southwest, but expensive in the east.
Chisholm Trail:
Was a trail made by Cherokee Jesse Chisolm and was a trail through Texas that cowboys used to take their cattle north.
tariff? Who does it help? And who does it hurt?
tax on imported goods, Helps the importing countries, and the merchants, domestic producers benefit; hurts the consumers. Republicans favored them.
Jim Crow laws:
laws that legalized segregation.
Brooklyn Bridge- know:
It connected two cities (Brooklyn and Manhattan )
Its was designed by a German immigrant who died during the building
Most art critics thought it was artistically beautiful
It used new technology (suspension technology)
Centennial Exposition 1876-Where? Why?
Philly, World Fair to showcase American achievements
The 1890s was known as the….
agricultural golden age
increasing demand for farm products during this time because of the growth of….
cities
In 1880 —- of the US population lived in cities. in 1900, —, and in 1920, —
20%,38%, 68%
So in 40 years (1880-1920) the US population went from predominantly rural to largely ——
urban
Before the civil war (1840s and 1860s) the ——————– were the two largest immigrant groups to come to America.
Irish and the Germans
By the 1890s, over half of the ——–immigrants came from southern and eastern europe. In particular….
3.5 Million, Italy, Russia, and Austro Hungary.
Scientific Theories ————- scientific because even though they were immigrants, people were assigned a race, and job and it gave the national legislation the power to limit the numbers of immigrants.
WERE NOT
Between 1840-1914, ——- of immigrants came to the USA.
40 million
The most obvious reason immigrants came to America was —————.
opportunity
Chicago’s population: 1840: ——-; 1870: ——–; 1890: ——–
4500, 300,000, 1.1 million
The Chicago Fire’s cost:
300 lives and 17,000 buildings
A key ingredient to the rebuilding of Chicago, thanks to Andrew Carnegie, was ……….
steel
The government didn’t rebuild Chicago. —— rebuilt Chicago.
Chicago
Why is this period (1865-1900) called the “The Second Industrial Revolution”?
The second saw the beginning of mass production in manufacturing and consumer goods, along with the rise of the middle class and in electricity and steel.
The First focused more on textiles and early factories.
It was the second period of large industrialisation and inventions of large things that we still use today.
Where/when did the 1st Industrial Revolution start?
Britain, 1790-1840
Name the 3 countries of the Triple Entente
France, Great Britain, and Russia
Name the 3 countries of the Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire
Why did Great Britain join the Allies in WWI?
Because Germany invaded neutral Belgium
What were the details of the Schlieffen Plan in WWI was the German military strategy to
Quickly defeat France and then focus on Russia in the east
Which member of the Triple Alliance did not become part of the Central Powers once WWI broke out?
Italy
Although the Allies won the War, what country did not enjoy the benefits because it surrendered to Germany almost a year before Germany was defeated?
Russia
Russia mobilized for war when what country was invaded?
Serbia
The spark that started the War occurred when the future leader of what region was assassinated?
Austria-Hungary
What was the nationality of the man who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
Serbian
On which front did the Germans battle the French?
Western Front
Know the following nations created out of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after WWI:
Yugoslavia
Poland
Czechoslovakia
Austria
Hungary
Know the estimated human costs on the WWI battlefields according to your book:
8.5 million dead soldiers, 21 million wounded
What treaty between the Allied powers and Germany was signed exactly 5 years after the assassination of Francis Ferdinand?
The Treaty of Versailles
On which front was trench warfare most common?
Western Front
Two important Allied victories were won at this place (in 1914 and in 1918)
Battle of Marne
What was the event that first turned U.S. public opinion against Germany prior to the U.S. entering WWI?
The Sinking of the Lusitania
What was the final straw that brought the U.S. into WWI against Germany? What was the name of the message from Germany to Mexico?
The Zimmerman Note invited Mexico to ally itself with Germany in exchange for help to get American territory they lost. Aka Texas…
Know the 3 reasons why the United States joined the war on the allies’ side:
American ships were sunk in the Atlantic
The Zimmermann Note
U.S. had a good trading relationship with Great Britain
WWI was the first truly “industrial war”, and know the following new weapons of war introduced during WWI:
Machine gun
Tank
Airplane
Poison gas
New heavy artillery
Submarine
Name the following long-term causes of WWI
Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Alliance System
European countries competed to have the biggest and strongest armies and navies.
Militarism
European countries were divided into 2 major camps (or sides). Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy were on one side, and France, Great Britain, and Russia were on the other side
Alliance System
The people living in Europe often gave their greatest loyalty to those who share their history, culture, and language.
Nationalism
Countries in Europe competed with each other for colonies in places like Africa and Southeast Asia
Imperialism
