SS Final Exam review topics Flashcards
What were the results of Colombus’s voyages?
positives
-Shared Native American culture to Europe, vice versa
negatives
-brought smallpox to Europe
-mistreated Native Americans, tortured them to find gold causing several deaths
What were the accomplishments of the Mayan priests?
they created the Mayan calendar
What were some examples of advances in navigation and shipbuilding in the 1400s?
- They invented magnetic compasses
- invented caravels (better wooden ships)
- better maps
CMS= compasses, maps, ships
What were the effects of the printing press
- able to print on paper much more quickly
- more exploring of the country and world because there were more maps :D
- first of many Renaissance inventions
What were the terms of the treaty of Paris of 1763 (French and Indian War)
-French just lost all their land in North America to the Brits
What ideas are stated in the Declaration of Independence?
Consent of The Governed
- the people’s permission for a government to rule us/ have a certain person have power over us (voting)
Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness
- They are our natural rights, and it is the governments job to protect them.
What was the impact of the American Revolution on the Western Hemisphere?
Latin American countries rebelled against Spain (main government)
What did the patrioyds hope to change with the American Revolution?
the political system
wanted independence
What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783?
- gained independence
- gained land south of Canadian border
What effect did Thomas Paine’s Common Sense have on English Colonists?
convinced colonists to think independence was the best route for America and to fight against the British.
Strengths and weaknesses of Patriots during American Revolution
strengths
- mote motivated (better cause of independence)
- great leadership
- french allies
- guerrilla warfare
weaknesses
- hard raising funds for everything and military
- some patriots sided with the British
- no trained army + navy
Strengths and Weaknesses of British during American revolution
strengths
- winning streak
- best military + Navy
- good soldiers
- Hessian mercenaries
weaknesses
- troops/supplies/orders took long time to reach destination because war fought in patriot land
- didn’t know territory
- had to fight thy strong American Cause; independence.
what were the arguments for ratifying the constitution (federalists)
wanted strong federal gov., and a strong leader, the president
what were arguments against ratifying the constitution (Anti federalists)
Thought strong gov. would take power away from states.
thought having president would be too much like having a king.
-wanted sates have the power
What were the bill of rights? give example of rights protected from 3 amendments
amendment 1) freedom of speech
amendment 2) right to bear arms
amendment 3) no soldiers living in stranger’s houses’ by the force of law
how did the great compromise settle the issue of representation in congress
made big and small states happy by creating the bi-cameral system (2 houses)
what are the three branches of government and their powers?
legislative - makes and passes laws executive -signs/votes laws, or enforces them -appoints judges -directs gov. judicial - decides if laws are constitutional
two houses of the legislative branch
senate
house of representatives
key concepts behind federalism
power divided between fed. states and fed. gov. state powers- -controls drivers licenses -marriage laws government powers -declare war -coin money -post offices
examples of checks and balances
president can veto bill
judicial branch can declare laws unconstitutional
why do we have checks and balances
so no branch will get too much power
purpose of elastic cause
the constitution has the ability to change or expand
how does a bill become a law
introduced in house and senate,
refereed to in committees,
both debate and votes and passes bill,
both meet, argue, compromise and pass bill.
president looks at bill and must sign it for it to become law.
what advice did Washington give in his farewell address
1) no political parties
2) don’t interact or ally with other countries, especially Europe
what is the purpose of a president’s cabinet
they are the closest advisers who help president do his job
Washington’s response to the Whisky Rebellion and its impact
he sent the militia to Washington where they were protesting, everyone scattered. it proved Washington’s place in power
what was Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation and its effects?
It meant America would not favor the British or the French. its effects were that both were upset and stole our ships and impressed our sailors, trying to give themselves an advantage
how did Jefferson become vice president under Adams?
before, the runner-up in a presidential election would become vice president. Adams had won more votes, so Jefferson would become vice president
What was Adams response to the XYZ affair?
when he heard France wanted America to pay a bribe to prevent war he was like NO we will pay you “not a sixpence” and use the money to
1) improve and expand army
2) create separate department for navy
3) rebuild navy
What was the purpose of the Lewis and Clark expedition?
to explore the land gained in the Louisiana purchase
how did the British blockade boost the American economy in 1812?
It was what started the American industrial revolution, because we couldn’t rely on imports from other countries, and we had to help ourselves
In what industry did the industrial revolution begin
textile industry (factories of textile)
Why did Jackson oppose the bank of the United States?
he thought it was unconstitutional and gave the rich too much power on the expense of the poor
What reasons did Jackson have for kicking the Cherokees off their land?
-they lived on fertile land the South wanted for cotton growin’
Why did the Mormons seek refuge in the Great Salt Lake Valley
they wanted to practice polygamy without violence or judgement
How did geography contribute to the South’s dependence
they, thy south had FERTILEEEEEEEEE SOOOOOOOIIIILLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL (fertile soil)
What were the long and short term effects of the cotton gin
- textile centers and merchants were much more successful
- slaves had less “value”
- needed more slaves to pick cotton; more slavery
- cleaned cotton seeds much more quickly
- North and South fought over whether to use cotton gin, since industry would stop and slaves not be as needed (which doesn’t make sense)
Why were women and children hired to work in the Lowell Mills?
they didn’t have to pay them much and for longer hours
*immigrants were also hired
importance of steam power?
stuff didn’t have to be built near riverbanks anymore
What demands did trade workers make on factory owners
- shorter hours
- better pay
- better and safer conditions
reasons for Irish immigration
THE POTATE DISEASAE
ok real reason, in Ireland potato was their main crop was potato, and there was a potato famine and many died. half of Ireland fled to America to escape the death and chances of it.
What was the result of the election of 1860
Lincoln got more of the Northern states, winning more than Doglas who got more Southern votes. There were more people in the north meaning that Lincoln won the election. The south were in rage, and feeling like they had no voice in the government;
they seceded.
What issue created proplems when new states were added between 1820 and 1869
whether or not those new states were free or slave states.
it was either free/slave/ or pop. sovereignty (letting people vote)
why was the Comprimise of 1850 necessary? what did it state?
why necessary…
Gold Rush: 1849 people thought they could get gold in California so so many people went there
now they don’t know if they were a free or slave state
it stated…
-California would enter the Union as a free state
-banned slave trade in Washington D.C.
- created the fugitive slave law (which created much controversy in the North)
What was the Dred Scott Decision? What were the Northern and Southern reactions to the decision?
so there’s a slave and his name’s Dred Scott. he goes to a free state with his owner because business, then the owner dies IN the free state and Scott, goes to court to decide if he is free or noit. the judges are total Southerners and say he is NOT free because their view of the constitution says he is not a person, he’s property. The North and South acted intensely, the South deliriously happy about this decision and the North fuming with rage. you can see this in past editorials.
What were the reasons for Northern victory in the civil war?
- better industrial economy meaning more weapons and production for soldiers
- trainsportation and railroads and could travel place to place more quickly
- larger population + more immigrants
- better strategies
What were the Southern advantages in the Civil War?
- great military
- thought they had strongest leader (R. Lee)
- more motivated (fighting for way of life)
- knew territory
What were the Southern weaknesses in the Civil War?
- weak leadership now
- no navy
- less soldiers and supplies
- less railroads, factories, and money
- weaker government
What was the result of the battle of Bull Run?
South won prove their STRENGTH to the North being like oh no our enemy is actual strong and it proved that it’d be a long hard war for both sides and both sides needed TRAININGGGGG
result of the Emancipation Proclamation
freedom for slaves in Confederate states, former slaves and African Americans could enlist in Union army.
changed focus of the war to ENDING SLAVERY
yeah
Lincoln’s main goal throughout the Civil War
reunite the country
13th amendment?
officially ending slavery
14th amendment
people born into the U.S. are automatically U.S. citizens
15th amendment
Right to vote regardless of race
What were the Southern advantages in the Civil War?
- great military
- more motivated (fighting for way of life)
- knew territory
- thought they had strongest leader (Lee)
What were the Southern weaknesses in the Civil War?
- weak leadership now
- no navy
- less soldiers and suppliess
- less factories, money, and railroads
- weaker government
What was the result of the Battle at Bull Run
Confederates (South) won, proving themselves to the Union(North) and that it’d be a long hard war which both sides needed more training for
