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Social Studies 7th Grade Sem 1 Exam > SS Exam > Flashcards

SS Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

sailed west toward Asia; landed in America instead

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2
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

sailed around the world

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3
Q

Nicolas Copernicas

A

changed Ptolemaic theory

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4
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

discovered planets moved in an oval path

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5
Q

Northwest passage-

A

water route from Asia to N America (now Canada)

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6
Q

export

A

items go out of the country

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7
Q

import

A

items go into the country

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8
Q

circumnavigate

A

sail all around the world

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9
Q

invest

A

pool money into a project

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10
Q

geocentric theory

A

the theory that the earth is the center of the universe

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11
Q

heliocentric theory

A

theory that the sun is the center of the universe

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12
Q

Newton and gravity

A

English mathematician developed 3 gravity laws

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13
Q

Why Europeans looked for other routes to Asia

A

there were bandits that stopped the flow across the land

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14
Q

result of defeat of Spanish Armada

A

Spain sent ships to invade England, but they are defeated, started an uprising and Spanish empire slowly declines

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15
Q

Enlightenment

A

time period where people believed that reason was better than faith and tradition

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16
Q

Natural law

A

applied to everyone and can be understood by reason

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17
Q

Deism

A

belief that God created the world and set it in motion, then left it alone

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18
Q

Absolution

A

belief that monarch had total power

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19
Q

divine right

A

belief king had the will of God

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20
Q

Constitution

A

written form of government in NA

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21
Q

Jamestown, VA

A

1st permanent English settlement

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22
Q

Pilgrim colony

A

Plymouth was made for religious freedom

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23
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

When William and Mary took the throne when King James II fled

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24
Q

John Locke

A

Philosopher, believed people had natural rights, and if the government took them away, you had the right to rebel.

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25
Q

Peter the Great

A

brought Russia up-to-date and made St. Petersburg

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26
Q

Catherine the Great of Russia

A

increased power in Russia

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27
Q

bourgeoise

A

middle class and peasants, merchants, bankers, doctors, lawyers

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28
Q

radicals

A

those wanting extreme change

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29
Q

guillotine

A

execution machine, cuts off the head

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30
Q

reign of terror

A

period of unrestrained conflict and killing; 40,000 killed in 2 years

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31
Q

coup d’etat

A

top government leaders suddenly replaced by force by a new group of leaders (coup)

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32
Q

industrial revolution

A

the change in the way goods were made through the use of machinery, resulted in significant economic, social and political changes in both the 19th and 20th century

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33
Q

texture

A

cloth

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34
Q

James Watt

A

made the steam engine, a way to power engines with steam

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35
Q

Samual F.B. Morse

A

created telegraph

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36
Q

Thomas Edison

A

created light bulb

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37
Q

Orville and Wilbur Wright

A

1903, 1st successful airplane

38
Q

Alexander Graham Bell

A

created the telephone

39
Q

1st estate

A

clergy

40
Q

2nd estate

A

nobles

41
Q

3rd estate

A

bourgeoise and peasants

42
Q

What was the name of the first steam powered locomotive?

A

Iron Horse

43
Q

Causes of the French Revolution

A

1- food shortages and rising prices
2- French govt almost bancrupt from costly wars, including helping the Americans
3-increasing the expenses of the royal court

44
Q

storming of the Bastille

A

mob storms prison (bastille) after rumors that king was sending troops. It was the beginning of the French Revolution

45
Q

Why was Napoleon able to come to power?

A

people wanted peace and no killing because of the reign of terror. Napoleon said he would give them peace.

46
Q

Battle of Waterloo

A

Napoleon invades Russia and they don’t fight back. Russian winter arrives and Napoleon and men are unprepared. 1/6 of men live. Napoleon is captured and exiled to Elpa in Mediterranean sea

47
Q

urbanization

A

movement of people from rural areas to cities

48
Q

socialism

A

belief that factories, land, capital, and raw materials should be owned by society through government

49
Q

nationalism

A

desire of people with same history, language and customs to self-rule

50
Q

unions

A

associations of workers who unite to improve wages and working conditions

51
Q

laissez faire economics

A

belief that the govt should not interfere with society, it means “let it be”

52
Q

Atomic theory

A

idea that everything is made of atoms

53
Q

Adam Smith

A

economist who promoted Laissez faire economics

54
Q

Marie Curie

A

Polish scientist with french husband that discovered radium that was active`

55
Q

Albert Einstein

A

German Scientist,discovered theory of relativity- space and time always changes,
e=mc2
everything contains energy

56
Q

Edward Jenner

A

theorized idea of vaccines

57
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Annie says: discovered bacteria, proved it can cause bacteria, and it can prevent disease. Mom: Didn’t he recognize bacteria can cause illness and he invented pasteurization?

58
Q

Social Darwinism

A

applying Darwin’s survival of the fittest to society

59
Q

What was the first successful revolt in Latin America?

A

Haiti

60
Q

What was the life of the working class like?

A

1 long hard hours
2 bad conditions
3 bad pay

61
Q

Karl Marx ideas

A

promoted socialism and believed competition in business was harmful and predicted the working class would rise up

62
Q

What book did Karl Marx write?

A

Communist Manifesto

63
Q

Charles Darwin, theory of evolution

A

humans developed from animals

survival of the fittest

64
Q

Simon Bolivar

A

Led fights for freedom in South America

65
Q

the problems of newly independent Latin American Nations

A

conflicts in politics

66
Q

imperialism

A

a type of relationship between countries in which one nation directly of indirectly controls the government or the economy of another nation

67
Q

colony

A

a nation or region that an imperial nation rules directly

68
Q

protectorate

A

nation or region where the local people have their own government, but the imperial government controls the military and can tell the rulers what to do.

69
Q

sphere of influence

A

region where only one imperial power has the right to invest or trade

70
Q

Sun Yat-sen

A

founded revolutionary group called Nationalist Party. He wanted to start a democracy in China. Led 1911 revolution

71
Q

Chiang Kai-shek

A

leader of the government, army general

72
Q

Matthew Perry

A

Arrives in Ledo Bay with Warships and asks for trade with Japan. They said no; he returns with a larger fleet . US COmmodore?

ALso Mom’s favorite from cast of Friends

73
Q

Where is the Suez canal?

What bodies of water does it connect?

A

It is in Egypt

It connects the Mediterranean with the Red Sea through Egypt

74
Q

What water route does the Suez canal shorten?

A

It allows shipping traffic to take place between Europe and the Middle East and Asia without the need to circumvent the entire continent of Africa.

75
Q

Panama Canal

A

Panama allows the US to build a canal between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans

76
Q

What year was the British acquisition of Hong Kong, why, and when did it revert back?

A

Britain acquired Hong Kong in a 99 year lease from 1898. It reverted back in 1997 to Chinese.
why… is that China lost Hong Kong to Great Britain in the Opium Wars, and later leased adjacent territories to the British under duress.

77
Q

US “Open Door” policy

A

The open door policy says that China can do business with all nations

78
Q

Japan’s rise to power

A

under rule of Tokungawa Shogun. The Shogun closed Japan’s influences to Europe by the 1600s. Japan learned quickly how to build up their military.

79
Q

abdicate

A

to give up, to fail to do a responsibility

mom: It is used in the sense of- the emperor did not want to rule, so he abdicated the throne.

80
Q

armistice

A

cease fire, temporary peace

81
Q

mandates

A

league of nations governed each territory, allowing a member nation to run the territory

82
Q

czar

A

Russian ruler

83
Q

Duma

A

national assembly

of what country?

84
Q

Bolsheviks

A

most radical of the socialist groups

85
Q

league of nations

A

An association of countries established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles to promote international cooperation and *** it ended the 1st world war (that’s important)

86
Q

bloody Sunday

A

When people in St. Petersburg revolted against communist government

87
Q

leader of provisional Russian government after the March 1917 Revolution

A

Czar Nicholas II

88
Q

the color associated with Russian communists

A

RED

89
Q

Know the specifics of the treaty of Versailles, restrictions on Germany, Britain, France’s view, and US reaction

A

The Treaty of Versailles was very harsh. Germany had to:
1- take full responsibility for the war
2- pay reparations
3- lost 13% of land
4- have no submarines, or airplanes, and have limited soldiers

90
Q

formation of Yugoslavia

A

new nation formed by joining Serbs, Croatians, Slavians, Bosnians, and other groups. It means “union of slavs”. Serbia is in the center of it.

91
Q

Vladimir Lenin

A

one of the rulers that supported Communism

Social Studies 7th Grade Sem 1 Exam (2 decks)

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