SS Exam Flashcards
Christopher Columbus
sailed west toward Asia; landed in America instead
Ferdinand Magellan
sailed around the world
Nicolas Copernicas
changed Ptolemaic theory
Johannes Kepler
discovered planets moved in an oval path
Northwest passage-
water route from Asia to N America (now Canada)
export
items go out of the country
import
items go into the country
circumnavigate
sail all around the world
invest
pool money into a project
geocentric theory
the theory that the earth is the center of the universe
heliocentric theory
theory that the sun is the center of the universe
Newton and gravity
English mathematician developed 3 gravity laws
Why Europeans looked for other routes to Asia
there were bandits that stopped the flow across the land
result of defeat of Spanish Armada
Spain sent ships to invade England, but they are defeated, started an uprising and Spanish empire slowly declines
Enlightenment
time period where people believed that reason was better than faith and tradition
Natural law
applied to everyone and can be understood by reason
Deism
belief that God created the world and set it in motion, then left it alone
Absolution
belief that monarch had total power
divine right
belief king had the will of God
Constitution
written form of government in NA
Jamestown, VA
1st permanent English settlement
Pilgrim colony
Plymouth was made for religious freedom
Glorious Revolution
When William and Mary took the throne when King James II fled
John Locke
Philosopher, believed people had natural rights, and if the government took them away, you had the right to rebel.
Peter the Great
brought Russia up-to-date and made St. Petersburg
Catherine the Great of Russia
increased power in Russia
bourgeoise
middle class and peasants, merchants, bankers, doctors, lawyers
radicals
those wanting extreme change
guillotine
execution machine, cuts off the head
reign of terror
period of unrestrained conflict and killing; 40,000 killed in 2 years
coup d’etat
top government leaders suddenly replaced by force by a new group of leaders (coup)
industrial revolution
the change in the way goods were made through the use of machinery, resulted in significant economic, social and political changes in both the 19th and 20th century
texture
cloth
James Watt
made the steam engine, a way to power engines with steam
Samual F.B. Morse
created telegraph
Thomas Edison
created light bulb
Orville and Wilbur Wright
1903, 1st successful airplane
Alexander Graham Bell
created the telephone
1st estate
clergy
2nd estate
nobles
3rd estate
bourgeoise and peasants
What was the name of the first steam powered locomotive?
Iron Horse
Causes of the French Revolution
1- food shortages and rising prices
2- French govt almost bancrupt from costly wars, including helping the Americans
3-increasing the expenses of the royal court
storming of the Bastille
mob storms prison (bastille) after rumors that king was sending troops. It was the beginning of the French Revolution
Why was Napoleon able to come to power?
people wanted peace and no killing because of the reign of terror. Napoleon said he would give them peace.
Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon invades Russia and they don’t fight back. Russian winter arrives and Napoleon and men are unprepared. 1/6 of men live. Napoleon is captured and exiled to Elpa in Mediterranean sea
urbanization
movement of people from rural areas to cities
socialism
belief that factories, land, capital, and raw materials should be owned by society through government
nationalism
desire of people with same history, language and customs to self-rule
unions
associations of workers who unite to improve wages and working conditions
laissez faire economics
belief that the govt should not interfere with society, it means “let it be”
Atomic theory
idea that everything is made of atoms
Adam Smith
economist who promoted Laissez faire economics
Marie Curie
Polish scientist with french husband that discovered radium that was active`
Albert Einstein
German Scientist,discovered theory of relativity- space and time always changes,
e=mc2
everything contains energy
Edward Jenner
theorized idea of vaccines
Louis Pasteur
Annie says: discovered bacteria, proved it can cause bacteria, and it can prevent disease. Mom: Didn’t he recognize bacteria can cause illness and he invented pasteurization?
Social Darwinism
applying Darwin’s survival of the fittest to society
What was the first successful revolt in Latin America?
Haiti
What was the life of the working class like?
1 long hard hours
2 bad conditions
3 bad pay
Karl Marx ideas
promoted socialism and believed competition in business was harmful and predicted the working class would rise up
What book did Karl Marx write?
Communist Manifesto
Charles Darwin, theory of evolution
humans developed from animals
survival of the fittest
Simon Bolivar
Led fights for freedom in South America
the problems of newly independent Latin American Nations
conflicts in politics
imperialism
a type of relationship between countries in which one nation directly of indirectly controls the government or the economy of another nation
colony
a nation or region that an imperial nation rules directly
protectorate
nation or region where the local people have their own government, but the imperial government controls the military and can tell the rulers what to do.
sphere of influence
region where only one imperial power has the right to invest or trade
Sun Yat-sen
founded revolutionary group called Nationalist Party. He wanted to start a democracy in China. Led 1911 revolution
Chiang Kai-shek
leader of the government, army general
Matthew Perry
Arrives in Ledo Bay with Warships and asks for trade with Japan. They said no; he returns with a larger fleet . US COmmodore?
ALso Mom’s favorite from cast of Friends
Where is the Suez canal?
What bodies of water does it connect?
It is in Egypt
It connects the Mediterranean with the Red Sea through Egypt
What water route does the Suez canal shorten?
It allows shipping traffic to take place between Europe and the Middle East and Asia without the need to circumvent the entire continent of Africa.
Panama Canal
Panama allows the US to build a canal between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans
What year was the British acquisition of Hong Kong, why, and when did it revert back?
Britain acquired Hong Kong in a 99 year lease from 1898. It reverted back in 1997 to Chinese.
why… is that China lost Hong Kong to Great Britain in the Opium Wars, and later leased adjacent territories to the British under duress.
US “Open Door” policy
The open door policy says that China can do business with all nations
Japan’s rise to power
under rule of Tokungawa Shogun. The Shogun closed Japan’s influences to Europe by the 1600s. Japan learned quickly how to build up their military.
abdicate
to give up, to fail to do a responsibility
mom: It is used in the sense of- the emperor did not want to rule, so he abdicated the throne.
armistice
cease fire, temporary peace
mandates
league of nations governed each territory, allowing a member nation to run the territory
czar
Russian ruler
Duma
national assembly
of what country?
Bolsheviks
most radical of the socialist groups
league of nations
An association of countries established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles to promote international cooperation and *** it ended the 1st world war (that’s important)
bloody Sunday
When people in St. Petersburg revolted against communist government
leader of provisional Russian government after the March 1917 Revolution
Czar Nicholas II
the color associated with Russian communists
RED
Know the specifics of the treaty of Versailles, restrictions on Germany, Britain, France’s view, and US reaction
The Treaty of Versailles was very harsh. Germany had to:
1- take full responsibility for the war
2- pay reparations
3- lost 13% of land
4- have no submarines, or airplanes, and have limited soldiers
formation of Yugoslavia
new nation formed by joining Serbs, Croatians, Slavians, Bosnians, and other groups. It means “union of slavs”. Serbia is in the center of it.
Vladimir Lenin
one of the rulers that supported Communism
