SS chap 3 pt 2 Flashcards
Patriot
American colonists rebelling against British, fighting for liberty
Loyalist
American colonists remaining loyal to britian
Refugee
people forced to flee their own country and seek safety from the war, persecution and other hardships, They do not come back
Blockade
the shutting of a port to keep people and supplies from moving in or out
Mercenaries
troops for hire, get paid to fight, the troops were called hessians and they were on the British side
Where did the 2nd continental congress meet?
met in philadelphia, used to be called old pennsylvania state house but now its called independence hall
Who took over fort Ticonderoga for America?
Burgoyne- Ethan allen and the green mountain boys
Who made up the continental army and who was appointed the commander?
Members of militias from many colonies, George Washington became general and commander of the American army.
Who was the author of the olive branch petition and what was its purpous?
John Dickinson of Pennsylvania wrote it. Colonists asked the king for peace. King refused to read it and declared all the colonies in rebellion.
Patriot advantages
They were good at shooting (bc of hunting a lot). Gearge Washinton was a great commander. Fighting for everything, their homes, their money, etc.
Patriot disadvantages
poorly organized and untrained few cannons and supplies. Small to no navy.
British advantages
Hessians and loyalist allies. Experienced and well trained. They had the best navy in the world. Money and stable government.
British disadvantages
3000 miles from home. Not used to wilderness.The bright red coat they wore.STubborn generals unwilling to change.
Battle of bunker hill
The Battle of Bunker Hill was the first major battle of the Revolution. Colonel William Prescott has a minuteman dig in at Breed’s hill. The British attacked in rows, slowly. Suffering huge losses, 1000 redcoats were killed. Americans are low on gunpowder. Don’t fire until u see the whites of their eyes.”Both sides declare victory.
Traitor
a person who betrays his or her country
Preamble
The declaration of independence consists one one, introduction followed by three main parts. It says what the document is about.
Natural rights,
rights people are born with. Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
Who was the author of common sense and when was it written? before what
Thomas paine wrote common sense in 1776 (Before the declaration of independence)
WHat did the common sense say about the king
Common sense said the king was a tyrant. Idea of the monarchy is wrong. Being born into privilege is wrong.
Why is common sense so significant
it convinced the colonists of the idea of independence. If free, can make alliances with other countries. Chance to create a better society.
Who proposed independence and when
Richard Henry lee of virginia proposes independence on june 7th 1776
Who were the five men on the declaration comitee?
John Adams, Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman
4 parts of declaration of independence and meanings.
Preamble- tells us what the document is about, an opening statement
Natural rights-American beliefs, all men are created equal- born with the same potential, one vote, pursuit of happiness-improve who u r. Democracy-power lies with the people.
Kings wrongs (Grievance)-Evidence, sugar act, stamp act, etc
Independence- new name- USA. Declare ourselves independent tomake allies
Battle of long island
- British general William Howe took over long island and new york city.
Nathan Hale- and quote
American who spied on the british. Gave info to washington. Famous quote- Ï only regret that I have one life to lose for my country.¨
Marquis de lafayette-
French general who became a valuable ally and close friend to washington.
Friedrich von steuben-
Prussion drill commander who came to train the continental army.
Casimir Pulaski-
Trained the American Cavalry.
Who wrote the crises
thomas paine
why is the crisis important
It inspired Americans to sacrifice and to keep fighting and die for independence.
Battle of trenton
-American army near defeat, need a win. December 25th 1776, Washington and 2000 soldiers crossed the Delaware River into nj. Trenton were the german hessians. They partied too much from christmas.(Too drunk to fight). Washington surprises them and easily wins. Hope is renewed and thousands join the army.
Battle of Saratoga, why was it the turning point?
British general John Burgoyne tried to take over New York state and cut America in two. Trouble in wilderness-took comforts. Led by benedict arnold and horatio gates the americans beat the british. Turning point of the war because the British no longer go into the woods and France becomes our ally.
valley forge
Winter home of the continental (american) army. Many died of frostbite and starvation.
Neutral
Not helping or supporting either side in a conflict
Uninvolved in a war, taking no sides
Bernardo de galvez
Governor of spanish louisiana who favored the patriots
Secretly supplied medicine, clothes, muskets, and gunpowder
Betsy ross
Made the first american flags
Sewed
Molly pitcher
Fought at the battle of monmouth
Brought water to her husband and the other soldiers
Took her husband’s place when he was wounded
From new jersey
On what side did the iroquois Indians join and why?
British
The british convinced them to join by telling them that there will be more white settlers if the patriots win
thought the british would win the war
Who was George Rogers Clark and what did he do?
He got the miami indians to be allies
Took over fort vincennes
ohio
Who was John Paul Jones? What was the name of his ship? What was his famous quote?
American naval captain
Bonehomme Richard
“I have not yet begun to fight”
Describe how African Americans joined the fight in the American revolution?
⅕ of american army was African American
Prince Estabrook was a hero at Lexington and Concord
Salem Poor was a hero at bunker hill
Battle of kings mountain
american victory in south carolina, and helped turn the tide in the war in the south
Nathaneal greene
one of America’s greatest generals from Rhode island and he was in charge of the continental army in the south
Daniel Morgan
american general helped defense of the south. Rifleman
How did general morgan win the battle of cowpens
General Morgan used clever tactics
Divided his soldiers into two parts, a front line and a rear line.
FRont line shot 2 shots then retreat over a hill
The British chased the Americans over the hill and the American army was waiting for them.
Benedict arnould betrayed america- IMPORTANT
Angry never getting credit he deserved
Sold blueprints to westpoint
Joins british side
Frances Moran, Battle tactics?
Known as the swamp fox
In charge of the South Carolina militia.
Used hit and run tactics to frustrated the british at night
What city did benedict arnold take over for the british
Richmond Virginia
Pennesiula-
strip of land surrounded on 3 sides by water
What city did British general Cornwallis bring his troops to camp at? Why did he camp there?
Yorktown virginia
Felt it was best, have a navy to protect him.
Comte de rochambeau-
a French general that joined Washington and Lafayette at yorktown.(on a peninsula.
Admiral de Grasse-
A french admiral that surounded the british at yorktown
Siege-
occurs when an army surrounds an an enemy position attempt to capture it
How did America win at Yorktown
British general thought a peninsula was the best position to camp
Washington combined his forces with Laffayette and Rochambeau and blocked land escape
FRench admiral de grasse blocked sea escape
British sieged and surrender october 19, 1781
Who was sent to negotiate peace talks in Paris in 1782? 4 ppl
benjamin franklin
john adams
John Jay
Henry laurens
Ratify
Approved or agreed upon, Usually by signing of a document
What did the treaty of Paris say
British recognized American independence
America gets all land east of the mississippi river except florida-spain
America would pay loyalists money for lost land
Why did America win the America revolution?
They were more passionate than the british.
Geography- america is a huge area
British thousands of miles from home
British captured cities and americans moved inland
America knew the land well, wilderness
Help france and spain
Patriotic spirit-Liberty, independence and freedom
Leadership of washington
