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1
Q

A push or pull exerted on an object. Includes its magnitude, direction, and point of application.

A

Force

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2
Q

1 kip

A

1000 pounds

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3
Q

A force applied to a body

A

Load

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4
Q

An internal force in a body that resists an external force

A

Stress

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5
Q

A line parallel to an in line with a force

A

Line of Action

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6
Q

Describing the condition when the lines of action of several forces pass through a common point

A

Concurrent

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7
Q

One force that will produce the same effect as two or more other forces

A

Resultant

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8
Q

A force equal in magnitude to the resultant, but opposite in direction and on the same line of action as the resultant

A

Equilibrant

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9
Q

Replacing a force with two or more other forces (components) that will produce the same effect on a body as the original force

A

Resolving Forces

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10
Q

The TENDENCY of a force to cause rotation about a given point or axis

A

Moment (M)

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11
Q

Two forces equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction, and acting at some distance from each other

A

Couple

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12
Q

A state of rest due to balanced forces and balanced moments

A

Equilibrium

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13
Q

Forces acting at the supports of a structure that hold the structure in equailibrium

A

Reactions

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14
Q

The point in a cross-section where all of the area may be considered concentrated without affecting the moment of the area about any axis

A

Centroid

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15
Q

The product of an area and the distance from the centroid of the area to a given axis

A

Statical Moment

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16
Q

The sum of the products obtained by multiplying each unit of area by the square of its distance to the neutral axis

A

Moment of Inertia

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17
Q

Stress that tends to stretch a member or pull it appart

A

Tension

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18
Q

Stress that tends to shorten a member or crush it

A

Compression

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19
Q

Stress that tends to make two members, or two parts of a member, slide past each other

A

Shear

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20
Q

The deformation (change in size) of a body caused by external forces

A

Strain

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21
Q

The physical law that states that up to a certain unit stress, called the elastic limit, unit stress is directly proportional to unit strain

A

Hooke’s Law

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22
Q

The unit stress for a material, below which Hooke’s Law applies

A

Elastic Limit

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23
Q

Within the elastic limit, the constant ratio of the unit stress in a material to the corresponding unit strain

A

Modulus of Elasticity

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24
Q

Resistance to deformation

A

Stiffness

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25
The unit stress at which a material deforms with no increase in load
Yield Point
26
The maximum unit stress that can be developed in a material
Ultimate Strength
27
The maximum unit stress permissible in a structural member
Working Stress or Allowable Stress
28
The ratio of the ultimate strength of a material to its working stress
Factor of Safety
29
The ratio of unit strain to temperature change, which is constant for a given material
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
30
A beam that rests on a support at each end and whose ends are free to rotate
Simple Beam
31
A beam that is restrained against rotation at one end and free at the other
Cantilever Beam
32
A beam that rests on two or more supports and has one or both ends projecting beyond the support
Overhanging Beam
33
One of two or more forces that will produce the same effect on a body as a given force
Component
34
A beam that rests on more than two supports
Continuous Beam
35
A beam that is restrained (fixed) against rotation at both ends
Fixed End Beam
36
A load that acts at one point on a structure
Concentrated Load
37
A beam loading of constant magnitude per unit of lenght
Uniformly Distributed Load or Uniform Load
38
P
Concentrated Load
39
Describing a structure whose reactions can be determined from the equations of equilibrium
Statically Determinate Beams
40
Describing a structure whose reactions cannot be found from the equations of equilibrium only, but requires additional equations
Statically Indeterminate Beams
41
The algebraic sum of the forces that are on one side of a given cross-section of a beam
Vertical Shear (V)
42
A graphic representation of the value of the vertical shear at any point along a beam
Shear Diagram
43
The algebraic sum of the moments of all forces that are on one side of a given cross-section of a beam
Bending Moment (M)
44
A graphic representation of the value of the bending moment at any point along a beam
Moment Diagram
45
The point in a beam or other flexural member where the bending moment changes sign and has a value of zero
Point of Inflection
46
The floor or roof area supported by an individual structural member
Tributary Area
47
Bending moment that produces compression in the upper part of a beam and tension in the lower part
Positive Moment
48
Bending moment that produces tension in the upper part of a beam and compression in the lower part
Negative Moment
49
The line on a beam cross-section that has zero bending stress when the beam is loaded
Neutral Axis (N.A.)
50
The ratio of the moment of inertia of a beam (I) to the distance from its neutral axis to the most remote fiber (c). S=I/c
Section Modulus (S)
51
The movement of a beam from its original location when load is applied to it
Deflection
52
A curve built into a structural member to compensate for deflection
Camber
53
A member, usually vertical, which is subject primarily to axial compressive load
Column
54
A basic equation that applies to all columns and gives the maximum stress a slender column can resist without failing by sudden buckling
Euler's Equation
55
The ratio l/r used in column design, where l is the length and r is the radius of gyration
Slenderness Ratio
56
r
A symbol for radius of gyration
57
A term used in column design to describe the distribution of cross sectional are in a beam around its centroidal axis
Radius of Gyration
58
S
(1) A symbol for section modulus. (2) A standard designation for a structural steel I beam, also known as an American Standard beam.
59
psi
Pounds per square inch
60
psf
Pounds per square foot
61
One of a series of small, closely spaced beams used to support floor, roof, or ceiling loads
Joist
62
Closely spaced repetitive members, generally sloping, supporting roof loads
Rafter
63
A regularly spaced roof beam that spans between girders or trusses
Purlin
64
Flat members spanning between beams
Planking
65
A structural member that supports loads perpendicular to its longitudinal axis
Beam
66
Beams supporting stairways
Stringer
67
A structural member placed over an opening and supporting construction above
Lintel
68
Members supporting the ends of joists or rafters at an opening
Header
69
A main beam that supports secondary beams
Girder
70
An assembly of laminations of lumber in which the grain of all the laminations is approximately parallel longitudinally. The laminations are bonded with adhesives and in accordance with certain accepted standards.
Glued Laminated Beam
71
A steel beam and a concrete slab connected so that they act together as a single structural unit to resist bending stresses
Composite Beam
72
Steel floor decking with embossed ridges, bonded to a concrete slab so that they act together as a single structural unit
Composite Deck
73
Slenderness Ratio
Kl/r
74
The chemically inert element of concrete, usually consisting of sand, gravel, and/or other granular material
Aggregate
75
The finely-ground material used as the binder for structural concrete
Portland Cement
76
The ratio of water to cement in a concrete mix, the main factor that determines concrete strength
Water-Cement Ratio
77
A prepared substance added to concrete to alter or achieve certain characteristics
Admixtures
78
The ease with which concrete can be placed and consolidated in the forms
Workability
79
A test for mixed concrete to determine consistency and workability
Slump Test
80
A method of measuring the workability of fresh concrete
Kelly Ball Test
81
Maintaining concrete at the proper moisture and temperature after it is cast
Curing
82
A test to determine the compressive strength of concrete
Cylinder Test
83
A nondestructive test of hardened concrete to determine its approximate strength
Impact Hammer Test
84
A compression test of hardened concrete that has been cut from the structure
Core Test
85
Continued deformation of a structural member with time, with no increase of load
Creep
86
A mixture of fine and coarse aggregates, portland cement, and water
Concrete
87
The method generally used for reinforced concrete design, formerly called ultimate strength design. Used in steel design since the 1980's
Strength Design
88
A vertical steel bar, usually U-shaped, used to reinforce a reinforced concrete beam where the shear stresses are excessive
Stirrup

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