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1
Q

A push or pull exerted on an object. Includes its magnitude, direction, and point of application.

A

Force

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2
Q

1 kip

A

1000 pounds

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3
Q

A force applied to a body

A

Load

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4
Q

An internal force in a body that resists an external force

A

Stress

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5
Q

A line parallel to an in line with a force

A

Line of Action

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6
Q

Describing the condition when the lines of action of several forces pass through a common point

A

Concurrent

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7
Q

One force that will produce the same effect as two or more other forces

A

Resultant

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8
Q

A force equal in magnitude to the resultant, but opposite in direction and on the same line of action as the resultant

A

Equilibrant

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9
Q

Replacing a force with two or more other forces (components) that will produce the same effect on a body as the original force

A

Resolving Forces

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10
Q

The TENDENCY of a force to cause rotation about a given point or axis

A

Moment (M)

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11
Q

Two forces equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction, and acting at some distance from each other

A

Couple

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12
Q

A state of rest due to balanced forces and balanced moments

A

Equilibrium

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13
Q

Forces acting at the supports of a structure that hold the structure in equailibrium

A

Reactions

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14
Q

The point in a cross-section where all of the area may be considered concentrated without affecting the moment of the area about any axis

A

Centroid

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15
Q

The product of an area and the distance from the centroid of the area to a given axis

A

Statical Moment

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16
Q

The sum of the products obtained by multiplying each unit of area by the square of its distance to the neutral axis

A

Moment of Inertia

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17
Q

Stress that tends to stretch a member or pull it appart

A

Tension

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18
Q

Stress that tends to shorten a member or crush it

A

Compression

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19
Q

Stress that tends to make two members, or two parts of a member, slide past each other

A

Shear

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20
Q

The deformation (change in size) of a body caused by external forces

A

Strain

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21
Q

The physical law that states that up to a certain unit stress, called the elastic limit, unit stress is directly proportional to unit strain

A

Hooke’s Law

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22
Q

The unit stress for a material, below which Hooke’s Law applies

A

Elastic Limit

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23
Q

Within the elastic limit, the constant ratio of the unit stress in a material to the corresponding unit strain

A

Modulus of Elasticity

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24
Q

Resistance to deformation

A

Stiffness

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25
Q

The unit stress at which a material deforms with no increase in load

A

Yield Point

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26
Q

The maximum unit stress that can be developed in a material

A

Ultimate Strength

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27
Q

The maximum unit stress permissible in a structural member

A

Working Stress or Allowable Stress

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28
Q

The ratio of the ultimate strength of a material to its working stress

A

Factor of Safety

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29
Q

The ratio of unit strain to temperature change, which is constant for a given material

A

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

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30
Q

A beam that rests on a support at each end and whose ends are free to rotate

A

Simple Beam

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31
Q

A beam that is restrained against rotation at one end and free at the other

A

Cantilever Beam

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32
Q

A beam that rests on two or more supports and has one or both ends projecting beyond the support

A

Overhanging Beam

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33
Q

One of two or more forces that will produce the same effect on a body as a given force

A

Component

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34
Q

A beam that rests on more than two supports

A

Continuous Beam

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35
Q

A beam that is restrained (fixed) against rotation at both ends

A

Fixed End Beam

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36
Q

A load that acts at one point on a structure

A

Concentrated Load

37
Q

A beam loading of constant magnitude per unit of lenght

A

Uniformly Distributed Load or Uniform Load

38
Q

P

A

Concentrated Load

39
Q

Describing a structure whose reactions can be determined from the equations of equilibrium

A

Statically Determinate Beams

40
Q

Describing a structure whose reactions cannot be found from the equations of equilibrium only, but requires additional equations

A

Statically Indeterminate Beams

41
Q

The algebraic sum of the forces that are on one side of a given cross-section of a beam

A

Vertical Shear (V)

42
Q

A graphic representation of the value of the vertical shear at any point along a beam

A

Shear Diagram

43
Q

The algebraic sum of the moments of all forces that are on one side of a given cross-section of a beam

A

Bending Moment (M)

44
Q

A graphic representation of the value of the bending moment at any point along a beam

A

Moment Diagram

45
Q

The point in a beam or other flexural member where the bending moment changes sign and has a value of zero

A

Point of Inflection

46
Q

The floor or roof area supported by an individual structural member

A

Tributary Area

47
Q

Bending moment that produces compression in the upper part of a beam and tension in the lower part

A

Positive Moment

48
Q

Bending moment that produces tension in the upper part of a beam and compression in the lower part

A

Negative Moment

49
Q

The line on a beam cross-section that has zero bending stress when the beam is loaded

A

Neutral Axis (N.A.)

50
Q

The ratio of the moment of inertia of a beam (I) to the distance from its neutral axis to the most remote fiber (c). S=I/c

A

Section Modulus (S)

51
Q

The movement of a beam from its original location when load is applied to it

A

Deflection

52
Q

A curve built into a structural member to compensate for deflection

53
Q

A member, usually vertical, which is subject primarily to axial compressive load

54
Q

A basic equation that applies to all columns and gives the maximum stress a slender column can resist without failing by sudden buckling

A

Euler’s Equation

55
Q

The ratio l/r used in column design, where l is the length and r is the radius of gyration

A

Slenderness Ratio

56
Q

r

A

A symbol for radius of gyration

57
Q

A term used in column design to describe the distribution of cross sectional are in a beam around its centroidal axis

A

Radius of Gyration

58
Q

S

A

(1) A symbol for section modulus. (2) A standard designation for a structural steel I beam, also known as an American Standard beam.

59
Q

psi

A

Pounds per square inch

60
Q

psf

A

Pounds per square foot

61
Q

One of a series of small, closely spaced beams used to support floor, roof, or ceiling loads

62
Q

Closely spaced repetitive members, generally sloping, supporting roof loads

63
Q

A regularly spaced roof beam that spans between girders or trusses

64
Q

Flat members spanning between beams

65
Q

A structural member that supports loads perpendicular to its longitudinal axis

66
Q

Beams supporting stairways

67
Q

A structural member placed over an opening and supporting construction above

68
Q

Members supporting the ends of joists or rafters at an opening

69
Q

A main beam that supports secondary beams

70
Q

An assembly of laminations of lumber in which the grain of all the laminations is approximately parallel longitudinally. The laminations are bonded with adhesives and in accordance with certain accepted standards.

A

Glued Laminated Beam

71
Q

A steel beam and a concrete slab connected so that they act together as a single structural unit to resist bending stresses

A

Composite Beam

72
Q

Steel floor decking with embossed ridges, bonded to a concrete slab so that they act together as a single structural unit

A

Composite Deck

73
Q

Slenderness Ratio

74
Q

The chemically inert element of concrete, usually consisting of sand, gravel, and/or other granular material

75
Q

The finely-ground material used as the binder for structural concrete

A

Portland Cement

76
Q

The ratio of water to cement in a concrete mix, the main factor that determines concrete strength

A

Water-Cement Ratio

77
Q

A prepared substance added to concrete to alter or achieve certain characteristics

A

Admixtures

78
Q

The ease with which concrete can be placed and consolidated in the forms

A

Workability

79
Q

A test for mixed concrete to determine consistency and workability

A

Slump Test

80
Q

A method of measuring the workability of fresh concrete

A

Kelly Ball Test

81
Q

Maintaining concrete at the proper moisture and temperature after it is cast

82
Q

A test to determine the compressive strength of concrete

A

Cylinder Test

83
Q

A nondestructive test of hardened concrete to determine its approximate strength

A

Impact Hammer Test

84
Q

A compression test of hardened concrete that has been cut from the structure

85
Q

Continued deformation of a structural member with time, with no increase of load

86
Q

A mixture of fine and coarse aggregates, portland cement, and water

87
Q

The method generally used for reinforced concrete design, formerly called ultimate strength design. Used in steel design since the 1980’s

A

Strength Design

88
Q

A vertical steel bar, usually U-shaped, used to reinforce a reinforced concrete beam where the shear stresses are excessive

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