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Question 1

What are the three civilizations? Give examples of how civilizations adapted to their environment.

Answer 1

Aztec, Maya, Inca
All created complex civilizations
Inca: Terrace Farming
Aztec: Floating Gardens
Maya- Temples and Observatories

Question 2

What is the Iroquois Confederacy?

Answer 2

Unite the 5 tribes to create peace
Hiawatha belt

Question 3

What is the Columbian Exchange?

Answer 3

The global transfer of goods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas

Question 4

4) How did the Columbian Exchange negatively impact Native Americans?

Answer 4

The Native American populations declined after being exposed to diseases from Europe

Question 5

5) What happened to Native American culture as Europeans arrived in the Americas?

Answer 5

Native cultures were replaced with European languages, customs and religions

Question 6

6) Why were Africans brought to the New World?

Answer 6

Cheap labor was needed for the plantations since the Native population died
They served as slaves in the colonies

Question 7

7) What were some reasons Europeans migrated to the Americas? Example: Separatists.

Answer 7

Religious freedom
land

Question 8

8) Identify the first plan of self-government in the colonies.

Answer 8

Mayflower Compact
Self-government / democratic

Question 9

9) What was the first elected legislature in the English colonies?

Answer 9

House of Burgesses
Use of democratic practices in America

Question 10

10) What is mercantilism?

Answer 10

Colonies provide mother country with raw materials
The colonies were expected to provide England with raw materials and markets for British goods

Question 11

11) Why did England and France go to war in the 1700s?

Answer 11

Fighting over control of the Ohio River Valley and the fur trade

Question 12

12) What was the major cause of the American Revolution? What was the quotation used to protest?

Answer 12

The tax laws enacted by England on the colonists to make up for the debt it accumulated during the French and Indian War
-Being unfairly taxed by England with no Representation in Parliament.
-“No taxation without representation” - opposed all British taxes until the colonies were represented in Parliament

Question 13

13. How did the French aid America during the Revolutionary War?

Answer 13

-provided money, supplies, weapons and troops

Question 14

14) What is the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 14

The Declaration of Independence stated the colonists would no longer be a colony of England. It stated that government gets its power from the people and should respond to the will of the people

Question 15

15) According to the Declaration of Independence, where does the government get its power from?

Answer 15

-the people

Question 16

16)) What was our nation’s first plan of government?

Answer 16

-Articles of Confederation

Question 17

17) How did Shays’ Rebellion prove the Articles of Confederation did not work?

Answer 17

The Articles had no federal court system, no chief executive and no way to call up a Military, no ability to tax. Therefore, the rebellion could not be stopped by the government in place.
Govt did not have enough power

Question 18

18) What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention?

Answer 18

Initially to revise the Articles, but later to write a Constitution that could better serve America.

Question 19

20) What is the purpose of the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution?

Answer 19

To list the goals/purposes of the Constitution.

Question 20

19) What major issues did the Great Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise settle?

Answer 20

The Great Compromise- representation in government-Congress
3/5ths compromise- how the slaves would be counted towards the population.

Question 21

21) Define the five principles of the U.S. Constitution in the chart below.

Answer 21

Federalism
Sharing of the power between the federal and State government
Separation of Powers
Dividing the power between the 3 branches
Checks and Balances
Making sure no one branch gets too much power
Popular Sovereignty
People have voting power
Limited Government
Government only has the power the people grant it.

Question 22

22) What is the Elastic Clause?

Answer 22

It allows the government to grow and change over time. “Necessary and Proper Clause”

Question 23

23) What is a precedent? Give two examples that George Washington set.

Answer 23

-a precedent is an example.
-He only ran for two terms
-he chose a simple title “Mr. President”
-he chose a cabinet of advisors

Question 24

24) What was George Washington’s foreign policy?

Answer 24

-Washington’s foreign policy was that the U.S should stay neutral. Steer clear of permanent alliances but continue to trade with Europe.

Question 25

25) What led to the development of political parties?

Answer 25

-Political differences between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson led to different view for the United States.

Question 26

26) What is Judicial Review?

Answer 26

-The Supreme court has the ability to review actions by the government and decide if they are constitutional or not. The Marbury v. Madison gave the Supreme Court the power to strike down a law of Congress. It set a precedent.

Question 27

27) What geographical advantage did the United States gain when purchasing Louisiana?

Answer 27

-The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States. It also gave control of the Key port of New Orleans to the United States.

Question 28

28) What was Thomas Jefferson’s issue with purchasing the Louisiana territory?

Answer 28

Thomas Jefferson believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution. Therefore, he did not have the power to actually buy Louisiana. He had to use the “elastic clause” to buy it which was more of a Federalist, “loose interpretation” idea.

Question 29

29) What were the accomplishments of Lewis and Clark? Who helped guide Lewis and Clark during their expedition?

Answer 29

-Explored the region of the Louisiana Purchase.
-Mapped out the area, including the Missouri River.
-Made peace with the Natives.
-Logged information on new species of animals.
-Sacajewea helped guide Lewis and Clark during their expedition.

Question 30

30) What were the causes and effects of the War of 1812?

Answer 30

-Cause - British impressment of American soldiers, guns to the Native Americans
-Result - American Nationalism spread across the country

Question 31

31) What was the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 31

-major change in manufacturing goods by hand to machinery

Question 32

32) What was the effect of the Erie Canal?

Answer 32

-made it easier, faster, cheaper to transport goods from the West to the East
-led to New York City becoming a major economic center

Question 33

33) What role did Eli Whitney play in the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 33

-Eli Whitney invented interchangeable parts.
-Eli Whitney also invented the cotton gin which made the process of cleaning cotton faster.

Question 34

34) Why did James Monroe issue the Monroe Doctrine?

Answer 34

-The Monroe Doctrine warned European nations to keep out of the Western Hemisphere.

Question 35

35) Explain the Spoils System. Why did people not like it?

Answer 35

-The Spoils System was created by Andrew Jackson.
-The Spoils System rewarded Jackson’s political supporters with government jobs.
-People did not like it because they felt it was unfair.

Question 36

36) How was Andrew Jackson viewed by the end of his Presidency?

Answer 36

-Jackson was viewed as a monarch (king).