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Enlightenment > SR & Enlightenment > Flashcards

SR & Enlightenment Flashcards

1
Q

The most important and original idea of the enlightenment was

A

The idea of progress

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2
Q

Who are astronomers who contributed to the destruction of the Aristotelian view of the universe

A

Brache, Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo

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3
Q

How did Copernicus’ theory of the universe change the way people viewed the universe and the heavens and the relationship between the earth and heavens?

A

The earth and the heavens are put in the same place/it destroys distinction

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4
Q

The synthesis of the scientific revolution was whose work?

A

Isaac Newton’s Principia

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5
Q

The key feature of Newton’s system was the law of…

A

Gravity

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6
Q

In his Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued for what major concept that we still use?

A

Separation of powers

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7
Q

Who did Voltaire believe would be most capable of instituting political reform?

A

Enlightened monarchs of centralized states

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8
Q

Rousseau’s concept of the general will dictates that who makes decisions in society?

A

The people (direct democracy)

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9
Q

Hobbes and Rousseau would have agreed on what general concept?

A

Social contract

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10
Q

What group did Voltaire most severely criticize?

A

Church

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11
Q

Before the scientific revolution, European’s world view was based on the ideas’ of

A

Ptolemy&Aristotle

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12
Q

Who spearheaded the encyclopedia?

A

Denis Diderot

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13
Q

With what did the search for what items did the European voyages of discovery primarily originate?

A

The spices

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14
Q

Which enlightenment philosopher believed man was born a blank slate?

A

John Locke

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15
Q

Which enlightenment philosopher believed that civilization corrupted man and favored the concept of the noble savage?

A

Rousseau

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16
Q

Which scientific thinker was the first to propose the heliocentric theory?

A

Copernicus

17
Q

What did Johannes Keppler accomplish with his working thus improving upon the work between those

A

Uses math to prove elliptical orbits

18
Q

How would you best express Voltaire’s views concerning religion?

A

Beneficial because they offered people hope, made life bearable, and kept people line.

19
Q

Who wrote the Principia?

A

Isaac Newton

20
Q

Who was the father of experimental science who talked about earth as a large magnet?

A

William Gilbert

21
Q

This man is the father of the scientific method-he wrote the great restoration and inspired many scientific societies

A

Francis Bacon

22
Q

This medical doctor described the heart as a pump and the circulation of the blood

A

William Harvey

23
Q

This man is known for his empirical method and is famous for doubting all previous learning in the universe and saying “I think therefore I am”

A

René Descartes

24
Q

Father of modern chemistry

A

Robert Boyle

25
Q

Man who became a priest in the Anglican Church and found natural theology

A

John Ray

26
Q

Man whose ideas on gravity were overshadowed by Newton but who did work on dynamics and work a Treatise on Light

A

Christian Huygens

27
Q

First man to use the word cells to describe cork and he created laws of elasticity and studied snowflakes and describe them

A

Robert Hook

28
Q

What is the definition of and elements of Mercantilism?

A

Economic philosophy that rises out of the combination of booming economic growth and expanding royal power// state- based economy// commercial revolution

29
Q

How would you describe The 18th century enlightenment’s philosophies approach to acquiring knowledge and understanding the world?

A

They wanted to understand human nature and see more freedom from the govt.

30
Q

Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon contributed to scientific development in the 17th century by establishing what process which can include either inductive or deductive reasoning?

A

Scientific method

31
Q

List and explain the three principles of mercantilism

A

Accumulation of wealth- state should build up wealth in the form of precious metals
Balance of trade- the difference in value between exports and imports
Trade with colonies- colonies were expected to supply wealth either through gold and silver or valuable raw materials

32
Q

What is the enlightenment?

A

Man’s leaving his self caused immaturity

33
Q

What is immaturity?

A

The incapacity to use one’a intelligence without the guidance of another

34
Q

What is required for enlightenment?

A

The public being given it’s freedom

Enlightenment (1 decks)

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