SR Chapter 1: Introduction Flashcards
1
Q
Define abscess
A
Localized collection of pus anywhere in the body, surrounded and walled off by damaged and inflamed tissues
2
Q
Define achlorhydria
A
Absence of HCl in stomach
3
Q
Define acholic stool
A
Light colored stool 2/2 decreased bile content
4
Q
Define adeno-
A
Prefix denoting gland or glands
5
Q
Define adhesion
A
Union of two normally separate surfaces
6
Q
Define adnexa
A
Adjoining parts; ovary/FT
7
Q
Define adventitia
A
Outer coat of wall of vein/artery (loose CT)
8
Q
Define -algia
A
Suffix denoting pain
9
Q
Define amaurosis fugax
A
Transient visual loss in one eye
10
Q
Define ampulla
A
Enlarged or dilated ending of a tube or canal
11
Q
Define anastomosis
A
Connection between two tubular organs/parts
12
Q
Define angio-
A
Prefix denoting blood or lymph vessels
13
Q
Define apnea
A
Cessation of breathing
14
Q
Define atelectasis
A
Collapse of alveoli
15
Q
Define bile salts
A
Alkaline salts of bile necessary for emulsification of fat
16
Q
Define boil
A
Tender, inflamed area of skin containing pus
17
Q
Define carbuncle
A
Collection of furuncles with multiple drainage channels
18
Q
Define cauterization
A
Destruction of tissue by direct application of heat
19
Q
Define celiotomy
A
Laparotomy (surgical incision into the periotneal cavity)
20
Q
Define chole-
A
Bile
21
Q
Define cholecyst-
A
Gallbladder
22
Q
Define choledocho-
A
CBD
23
Q
Define colic
A
Intermittent abdominal pain usually indicating pathology of tubular organ (small bowel)
24
Q
Define colloid
A
Fluid with large particles (albumin)
25
Define constipation
Infrequent or difficult passage of stool
26
Define cor pulmonale
Enlargement of RV 2/2 lung disease and resultant pulmonary HTN
27
Define curettage
Scraping of internal surface of an organ or body cavity by means of a spoon shaped instrument
28
Define cyst
Abnormal sac or closed cavity lined with epithelium and filled with fluid or semisolid material
29
Define enteritis
Inflammation of SMI, causing diarrhea
30
Define enterolysis
Lysis of peritoneal adhesions; not to be confused with enteroclysts: contast study of small bowel
31
Define excisional biopsy
Biopsy with removal of entire tumor
32
Define fascia
Sheet of strong CT
33
Define fistula
Abnormal communication between 2 hollow, epithelialized organs or b/t a hollow organ and the exterior
34
Define furuncle
Biol, small SQ staph infeection of follicle
35
Define gastropexy
Surgical attachment of the stomach to the abdominal wall
36
Define hemangioma
Benign tumor of BV
37
Define hematoma
Accumulation of blood within the tissues, which clots to form a solid swelling
38
Define hiatus
Opening or aperture
39
Define hidradenitis
Inflammation of apocrine glands, usually caused by blockage of the glands
40
Define ileus
Abnormal intestinal motility
41
Define ileostomy
Surgical connection between ileum and the skin of the abdominal wall
42
Define incisional biopsy
Biopsy with only a slice of tumor removed
43
Define induation
Abnormal hardening of tissue/organ
44
Define inspissated
Hard
45
Define intussucepsion
Telescoping of one part of the bowel into another
46
Define lieno-
Denoting the spleen
47
Define melena
Black tarry stool (melenic, not melanotic)
48
Define obstopation
Failure to pass flatus or stool
49
Define -ostomy
General term referring to any operation in which an artificial opening is created between two hollow organs or between one viscera and the abdominal wall for drainage purposes
50
Define percutaneous
Performed through skin
51
Define phlebolith
Calcification in a vein
52
Define phlegmon
Diffuse inflammation of soft tissue, resulting in a swollen mass of tissue (most commonly seen in pancreas)
53
Define plica
Fold or ridge
54
Define plicae circulares
Circular folds in lumen on small intestine
55
Define plicae semilunares
Folds (semicircular) into lumen of large intestine
56
Define pseudocyst
Fluid-filled cavity resembling a true cyst, but not lined with epithelium
57
Define pus
Liquid product of inflammation, consisting of dying leukocytes and other fluids from the inflammatory response
58
Define stenosis
Abnormal narrowing of passage/opening
59
Define succus
Fluid
60
Define tenesums
Urge to defecate with ineffectual straining
61
Define thoracotomy
Surgical opening of chest cavity
62
Define transect
Cut in half
63
Define Trendelenburg
Patient posture with pelvis higher than the head, inclined about 45 degress (aka head-downen-burg)
64
Define wet-to-dry dressing
Damp gauze dressing placed on a wound and removed after the dressing dries to the wound, providing microdebridement
65
ABCD's of melanoma
Asymmetric, border irregularities, color variation, diameter >0.6 cm and dark color
66
What is Allen's test
Test for patency of ulnar artery prior to placing a radial A line or performing ABG.
Examiner occludes both ulnar and radial arteries with fingers as patient makes a fist; patient opens fist while examiner releases ulnar artery occlusion to assess blood flow to hand
67
Define Ballance's sign
Constant dullness to percussion in the left flank/LUQ and resonance to percussion in the right flank seen with splenic rupture/hematoma
68
Define Barrett's esophagus
Columnar metaplasia of the distal esophagus (GERD) related
69
Define Battle's sign
Ecchymosis over the masotid process in patients with basilar skull fractures
70
Define Beck's triad
Seen in pts with CT
1. JVD
2. Muffled heart sounds
3. Hypotension
71
Define Bergman's triad
Seen with fat emboli syndrome
1. AMS
2. Petechiae (axilla/thorax)
3. Dyspnea
72
Define Blumer's shelf
Metastatic disease to rectouterine (pouch of Doglas) or rectovesical pouch creating a shelf that is palpable on rectal exam
73
Define Boas' sign
Right subscapular pain resultinf from cholelithiasis
74
Define Borchardt's triad
Seen with gastric volvulus
1. Emesis followed by retching
2. Epigastric distension
3. Failure to pass NG tube
75
What is the carcinoid triad?
FDR
1. Flushing
2. Diarrhea
3. RH failure
76
What is Charcot's triad?
Seen with cholangitis
1. Fever (chills)
2. Jaundice
3. RUQ pain
77
What is Chovstek's sign
Twitching of facial muscles upon tapping the facial nerve in patients with hypocalcemia
78
What is Courvoiser's law?
Enlarged, non-tender gallbladder seen with obstruction of CBD, most commonly with pancreati cancer. Not seen with gallstone obstruction because the bladder is scarred 2/2 chronic cholelithiasis
79
What is Cullen's sign
Bluish discoloration of the periumbilical area 2/2 retroperitoneal hemorrhage; tracking around to the anterior abdominal wall through fascial planes (acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis)
80
What is Cushing's triad?
Signs of increased ICP
1. Hypertension
2. Bradycardia
3. Irregular respirations
81
What is Dance's sign?
Empty RLW in children with ileocecal intussusception
82
What is Fothergill's sign?
Used to differentiate an intra-abdominal mass from one in the abdominal wall; if the mass is felt while there is tension on the musculature, then it is n the wall (sitting halfway upright)
83
What is Fox's sign?
Ecchymosis of the inguinal ligament seen with retroperitoneal bleeding
84
What is Goodsall's rule?
Anal fistulae course in a straight path aneriorly and a curved path posteriorly from midline (think of a dog with a straight anterior nose and a curved posterior tail)
85
What is Grey Turner's sign?
Ecchymosis or discoloration of the flank in patients with retroperiotneal hemorrhage as a result of dissecting blood from the retroperiotneum (Turn side-to-side)
86
What is Hamman's sign/crunch?
Crunching soudn on auscultation of the heart 2/2 emphysematous mediastinum (Boerhaave's syndrome, pneumomediastinum)
87
What is Homan's sign
Calf pain on forced dorsiflexsion of the foot in patients with DVT
88
What is Howship-Romberg sign?
Pain along inner aspect of the thigh: seen with obturator hernia 2/2 nerve compression
89
What is Kehr's sign
L shoulder pain in patients with splenic rupture (2/2 diaphragmatic irritation)
90
What is Kelly's sign?
Visible peristalsis of the ureter 2/2 squeezing/retraction; used to identify ureter during surgery
91
What is a Krukenberg tumor?
Metastatic tumor to the ovary (2/2 gastric cancer)
92
What is the law of Laplace?
Wall tension = pressure x radius (thus, colon perforates preferentially at cecum because of the increased radius and resultant increased wall tension)
93
What is McBurney's point?
1/3 distance from ASIS to the umbilicus on a line connecting the 2
94
What is McBurney's sign?
Tenderness at McBurney's point in patients with appendicitis
95
What is the rule of 2's for Meckel's diverticulum?
2% population, 2% symptomatic; within 2 feet of ileocecal valve
96
What is Mitelscherz?
Lower quadrant paint 2/2 ovulation
97
What is Murphy's sign?
Cessation of inspiration while palpating under the R costal margin; patient cannot continue to inspire because it brings an inflammed gallbladder under pressure (seen in acute cholecystitis)
98
What is obturator's sign?
Pain upon internal rotation of the leg with knee and hip flexed; seen in patients with appendicitis/pelvic abscess
99
What is the pheo triad?
Palpitations, headache, episodic diaphoresis
100
What is the pheo rule of 10's?
10% B/L; 10% in children; 10% extra-adrenal; 10% multiple tumore
101
What is psoas sign?
Pain elicited by extending the hip with the knee in full extension. Seen with appendicitis and psoas inflammation
102
What are raccoon eyes?
B/L black eyes 2/2 basilar skull fracture
103
What is Reynold's pentad?
1. Fever
2. Jaundice
3. RUQ pain
4. AMS
5. Shock/sepsis
[Charcot's triad + 4 & 5]
* Suppurative cholangitis
104
What is Rovsing's sign?
Palpation of LLQ results in pain in RLQ; seen in appy
105
What is Saint's triad?
1. Cholelithiasis
2. Hiatal hernia
3. Diverticular disease
106
What is silk glove sign?
Indirect hernia sac in the pediatric patient; the sac feels like a finger of a silk glove when rolled under the examining finger
107
What is Sister Mary Joseph's sign?
Metastatic tumor to the umblicilal lymph nodes
108
What is Virchow's node?
Metastatic tumor to the L supraclaviular node (2/2 gastric cancer)
109
What is Virchow's triad?
1. Hypercoagulability
2. Stasis
3. Endothelial damage
110
What is Trousseau's sign?
Carpal spasm 2/2 occulsion of blood to forearm with a BP cuff in patients with hypocalcemia
111
What is Valentno's sign?
RLQ pain 2/2 perforated peptic ulcer due to succus/pus draining into the RLQ
112
What is Westermark's sign?
Decreased pulmonary vascular markings on CXR in a patient with PE
113
What is Whipple's triad?
Evidence of insulinoma
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