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Surgery > SR Chapter 1: Introduction > Flashcards

SR Chapter 1: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Define abscess

A

Localized collection of pus anywhere in the body, surrounded and walled off by damaged and inflamed tissues

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2
Q

Define achlorhydria

A

Absence of HCl in stomach

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3
Q

Define acholic stool

A

Light colored stool 2/2 decreased bile content

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4
Q

Define adeno-

A

Prefix denoting gland or glands

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5
Q

Define adhesion

A

Union of two normally separate surfaces

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6
Q

Define adnexa

A

Adjoining parts; ovary/FT

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7
Q

Define adventitia

A

Outer coat of wall of vein/artery (loose CT)

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8
Q

Define -algia

A

Suffix denoting pain

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9
Q

Define amaurosis fugax

A

Transient visual loss in one eye

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10
Q

Define ampulla

A

Enlarged or dilated ending of a tube or canal

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11
Q

Define anastomosis

A

Connection between two tubular organs/parts

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12
Q

Define angio-

A

Prefix denoting blood or lymph vessels

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13
Q

Define apnea

A

Cessation of breathing

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14
Q

Define atelectasis

A

Collapse of alveoli

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15
Q

Define bile salts

A

Alkaline salts of bile necessary for emulsification of fat

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16
Q

Define boil

A

Tender, inflamed area of skin containing pus

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17
Q

Define carbuncle

A

Collection of furuncles with multiple drainage channels

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18
Q

Define cauterization

A

Destruction of tissue by direct application of heat

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19
Q

Define celiotomy

A

Laparotomy (surgical incision into the periotneal cavity)

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20
Q

Define chole-

A

Bile

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21
Q

Define cholecyst-

A

Gallbladder

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22
Q

Define choledocho-

A

CBD

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23
Q

Define colic

A

Intermittent abdominal pain usually indicating pathology of tubular organ (small bowel)

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24
Q

Define colloid

A

Fluid with large particles (albumin)

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25
Q

Define constipation

A

Infrequent or difficult passage of stool

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26
Q

Define cor pulmonale

A

Enlargement of RV 2/2 lung disease and resultant pulmonary HTN

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27
Q

Define curettage

A

Scraping of internal surface of an organ or body cavity by means of a spoon shaped instrument

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28
Q

Define cyst

A

Abnormal sac or closed cavity lined with epithelium and filled with fluid or semisolid material

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29
Q

Define enteritis

A

Inflammation of SMI, causing diarrhea

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30
Q

Define enterolysis

A

Lysis of peritoneal adhesions; not to be confused with enteroclysts: contast study of small bowel

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31
Q

Define excisional biopsy

A

Biopsy with removal of entire tumor

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32
Q

Define fascia

A

Sheet of strong CT

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33
Q

Define fistula

A

Abnormal communication between 2 hollow, epithelialized organs or b/t a hollow organ and the exterior

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34
Q

Define furuncle

A

Biol, small SQ staph infeection of follicle

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35
Q

Define gastropexy

A

Surgical attachment of the stomach to the abdominal wall

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36
Q

Define hemangioma

A

Benign tumor of BV

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37
Q

Define hematoma

A

Accumulation of blood within the tissues, which clots to form a solid swelling

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38
Q

Define hiatus

A

Opening or aperture

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39
Q

Define hidradenitis

A

Inflammation of apocrine glands, usually caused by blockage of the glands

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40
Q

Define ileus

A

Abnormal intestinal motility

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41
Q

Define ileostomy

A

Surgical connection between ileum and the skin of the abdominal wall

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42
Q

Define incisional biopsy

A

Biopsy with only a slice of tumor removed

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43
Q

Define induation

A

Abnormal hardening of tissue/organ

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44
Q

Define inspissated

A

Hard

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45
Q

Define intussucepsion

A

Telescoping of one part of the bowel into another

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46
Q

Define lieno-

A

Denoting the spleen

47
Q

Define melena

A

Black tarry stool (melenic, not melanotic)

48
Q

Define obstopation

A

Failure to pass flatus or stool

49
Q

Define -ostomy

A

General term referring to any operation in which an artificial opening is created between two hollow organs or between one viscera and the abdominal wall for drainage purposes

50
Q

Define percutaneous

A

Performed through skin

51
Q

Define phlebolith

A

Calcification in a vein

52
Q

Define phlegmon

A

Diffuse inflammation of soft tissue, resulting in a swollen mass of tissue (most commonly seen in pancreas)

53
Q

Define plica

A

Fold or ridge

54
Q

Define plicae circulares

A

Circular folds in lumen on small intestine

55
Q

Define plicae semilunares

A

Folds (semicircular) into lumen of large intestine

56
Q

Define pseudocyst

A

Fluid-filled cavity resembling a true cyst, but not lined with epithelium

57
Q

Define pus

A

Liquid product of inflammation, consisting of dying leukocytes and other fluids from the inflammatory response

58
Q

Define stenosis

A

Abnormal narrowing of passage/opening

59
Q

Define succus

A

Fluid

60
Q

Define tenesums

A

Urge to defecate with ineffectual straining

61
Q

Define thoracotomy

A

Surgical opening of chest cavity

62
Q

Define transect

A

Cut in half

63
Q

Define Trendelenburg

A

Patient posture with pelvis higher than the head, inclined about 45 degress (aka head-downen-burg)

64
Q

Define wet-to-dry dressing

A

Damp gauze dressing placed on a wound and removed after the dressing dries to the wound, providing microdebridement

65
Q

ABCD’s of melanoma

A

Asymmetric, border irregularities, color variation, diameter >0.6 cm and dark color

66
Q

What is Allen’s test

A

Test for patency of ulnar artery prior to placing a radial A line or performing ABG.

Examiner occludes both ulnar and radial arteries with fingers as patient makes a fist; patient opens fist while examiner releases ulnar artery occlusion to assess blood flow to hand

67
Q

Define Ballance’s sign

A

Constant dullness to percussion in the left flank/LUQ and resonance to percussion in the right flank seen with splenic rupture/hematoma

68
Q

Define Barrett’s esophagus

A

Columnar metaplasia of the distal esophagus (GERD) related

69
Q

Define Battle’s sign

A

Ecchymosis over the masotid process in patients with basilar skull fractures

70
Q

Define Beck’s triad

A

Seen in pts with CT

  1. JVD
  2. Muffled heart sounds
  3. Hypotension
71
Q

Define Bergman’s triad

A

Seen with fat emboli syndrome

  1. AMS
  2. Petechiae (axilla/thorax)
  3. Dyspnea
72
Q

Define Blumer’s shelf

A

Metastatic disease to rectouterine (pouch of Doglas) or rectovesical pouch creating a shelf that is palpable on rectal exam

73
Q

Define Boas’ sign

A

Right subscapular pain resultinf from cholelithiasis

74
Q

Define Borchardt’s triad

A

Seen with gastric volvulus

  1. Emesis followed by retching
  2. Epigastric distension
  3. Failure to pass NG tube
75
Q

What is the carcinoid triad?

A

FDR

  1. Flushing
  2. Diarrhea
  3. RH failure
76
Q

What is Charcot’s triad?

A

Seen with cholangitis

  1. Fever (chills)
  2. Jaundice
  3. RUQ pain
77
Q

What is Chovstek’s sign

A

Twitching of facial muscles upon tapping the facial nerve in patients with hypocalcemia

78
Q

What is Courvoiser’s law?

A

Enlarged, non-tender gallbladder seen with obstruction of CBD, most commonly with pancreati cancer. Not seen with gallstone obstruction because the bladder is scarred 2/2 chronic cholelithiasis

79
Q

What is Cullen’s sign

A

Bluish discoloration of the periumbilical area 2/2 retroperitoneal hemorrhage; tracking around to the anterior abdominal wall through fascial planes (acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis)

80
Q

What is Cushing’s triad?

A

Signs of increased ICP

  1. Hypertension
  2. Bradycardia
  3. Irregular respirations
81
Q

What is Dance’s sign?

A

Empty RLW in children with ileocecal intussusception

82
Q

What is Fothergill’s sign?

A

Used to differentiate an intra-abdominal mass from one in the abdominal wall; if the mass is felt while there is tension on the musculature, then it is n the wall (sitting halfway upright)

83
Q

What is Fox’s sign?

A

Ecchymosis of the inguinal ligament seen with retroperitoneal bleeding

84
Q

What is Goodsall’s rule?

A

Anal fistulae course in a straight path aneriorly and a curved path posteriorly from midline (think of a dog with a straight anterior nose and a curved posterior tail)

85
Q

What is Grey Turner’s sign?

A

Ecchymosis or discoloration of the flank in patients with retroperiotneal hemorrhage as a result of dissecting blood from the retroperiotneum (Turn side-to-side)

86
Q

What is Hamman’s sign/crunch?

A

Crunching soudn on auscultation of the heart 2/2 emphysematous mediastinum (Boerhaave’s syndrome, pneumomediastinum)

87
Q

What is Homan’s sign

A

Calf pain on forced dorsiflexsion of the foot in patients with DVT

88
Q

What is Howship-Romberg sign?

A

Pain along inner aspect of the thigh: seen with obturator hernia 2/2 nerve compression

89
Q

What is Kehr’s sign

A

L shoulder pain in patients with splenic rupture (2/2 diaphragmatic irritation)

90
Q

What is Kelly’s sign?

A

Visible peristalsis of the ureter 2/2 squeezing/retraction; used to identify ureter during surgery

91
Q

What is a Krukenberg tumor?

A

Metastatic tumor to the ovary (2/2 gastric cancer)

92
Q

What is the law of Laplace?

A

Wall tension = pressure x radius (thus, colon perforates preferentially at cecum because of the increased radius and resultant increased wall tension)

93
Q

What is McBurney’s point?

A

1/3 distance from ASIS to the umbilicus on a line connecting the 2

94
Q

What is McBurney’s sign?

A

Tenderness at McBurney’s point in patients with appendicitis

95
Q

What is the rule of 2’s for Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

2% population, 2% symptomatic; within 2 feet of ileocecal valve

96
Q

What is Mitelscherz?

A

Lower quadrant paint 2/2 ovulation

97
Q

What is Murphy’s sign?

A

Cessation of inspiration while palpating under the R costal margin; patient cannot continue to inspire because it brings an inflammed gallbladder under pressure (seen in acute cholecystitis)

98
Q

What is obturator’s sign?

A

Pain upon internal rotation of the leg with knee and hip flexed; seen in patients with appendicitis/pelvic abscess

99
Q

What is the pheo triad?

A

Palpitations, headache, episodic diaphoresis

100
Q

What is the pheo rule of 10’s?

A

10% B/L; 10% in children; 10% extra-adrenal; 10% multiple tumore

101
Q

What is psoas sign?

A

Pain elicited by extending the hip with the knee in full extension. Seen with appendicitis and psoas inflammation

102
Q

What are raccoon eyes?

A

B/L black eyes 2/2 basilar skull fracture

103
Q

What is Reynold’s pentad?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Jaundice
  3. RUQ pain
  4. AMS
  5. Shock/sepsis
    [Charcot’s triad + 4 & 5]
    * Suppurative cholangitis
104
Q

What is Rovsing’s sign?

A

Palpation of LLQ results in pain in RLQ; seen in appy

105
Q

What is Saint’s triad?

A
  1. Cholelithiasis
  2. Hiatal hernia
  3. Diverticular disease
106
Q

What is silk glove sign?

A

Indirect hernia sac in the pediatric patient; the sac feels like a finger of a silk glove when rolled under the examining finger

107
Q

What is Sister Mary Joseph’s sign?

A

Metastatic tumor to the umblicilal lymph nodes

108
Q

What is Virchow’s node?

A

Metastatic tumor to the L supraclaviular node (2/2 gastric cancer)

109
Q

What is Virchow’s triad?

A
  1. Hypercoagulability
  2. Stasis
  3. Endothelial damage
110
Q

What is Trousseau’s sign?

A

Carpal spasm 2/2 occulsion of blood to forearm with a BP cuff in patients with hypocalcemia

111
Q

What is Valentno’s sign?

A

RLQ pain 2/2 perforated peptic ulcer due to succus/pus draining into the RLQ

112
Q

What is Westermark’s sign?

A

Decreased pulmonary vascular markings on CXR in a patient with PE

113
Q

What is Whipple’s triad?

A

Evidence of insulinoma

1. Hypoglycemia (

Surgery (9 decks)

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