SQUAMOUS CA Flashcards
Non-healing oral ulcers warrant biopsy to exclude
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
is the seventh most common malignancy
Bladder cancer
with 90% being transitional cell
carcinomas
Bladder cancer
Smoking is the
most common association.
Bladder cancer
The most common cervical cancer is
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
are responsible
for around 70% of invasive cervical cancers
HPV 16 and 18
Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) represent an
acute HPV infection
Persistent infection with an
oncogenic HPV type causes
precancerous changes
cervix (benefits of use outweigh the risk with a low- or high-grade squamous intraepithelial
lesion)
CHC and cancer
80% due to squamous cell carcinoma
Cervical cancer
important not to misdiagnose malignant ulcers, including ‘Marjolin ulcer’, which is
a
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
The three
main skin cancers are the non-melanocytic skin cancers
(BCC) and
(SCC)—and melanoma
is the second most common type of skin cancer.
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
It is found on sun-exposed areas, especially
in fair-skinned people.
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
arise in premalignant areas solar keratoses, burns,
chronic ulcers
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
Keratoacanthoma is considered a variant
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
Surrounding erythema
The hard nodules may ulcerate
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
Ulcers have a characteristic everted edge
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
of ear, lip, oral cavity, tongue and genitalia are serious
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
Early excision of tumours <1 cm
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
Referral for specialized surgery and/or radiotherapy if large, in difficult site or
lymphadenopathy
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
Surgery is the treatment of choice for most tumours
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
is an optional treatment in a biopsy-proven tumour
Radiotherapy
Most common skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Mostly on sun-exposed areas: face (mainly), neck, upper trunk, limbs (10%)
Basal cell carcinoma
May ulcerate easily = ‘rodent ulcer’
Basal cell carcinoma
Has various forms: nodular, pigmented, ulcerated, etc
Basal cell carcinoma
pearliness and distinct margin
Basal cell carcinoma
Metastases very rare
Basal cell carcinoma
Simple elliptical excision (3–4 mm margin) is best.
Basal cell carcinoma
Mohs micrographic surgery—a form of surgical treatment
Basal cell carcinoma
Imiquimod 5% daily 5 times
Basal cell carcinoma
Photodynamic therapy—response rate is about 80%
Basal cell carcinoma
Cryotherapy is suitable
Basal cell carcinoma
arise in pre-existing naevi, many of which are dysplastic
one-third of all melanomas
The most important factor in management is early detection
Malignant melanoma
Currently the greatest rate of increase is in men >55 years.
Malignant melanoma
are markers of an increased risk of
melanoma
Dysplastic melanocytic naevi
Most common on trunk
Dysplastic melanocytic naevi
Irregular and ill-defined border
Dysplastic melanocytic naevi
family history of melanoma. lifetime
risk of melanoma may approach 100%
Dysplastic naevus syndrome
6-monthly review for 2 years, yearly thereafter
Dysplastic naevus syndrome
3 monthly review if family history of melanoma
Dysplastic naevus syndrome
Any suspicious lesions should be excised for histological examination.
Dysplastic naevus syndrome
An irregular border or margin is suggestive of the tumour
Melanoma
Full skin examination every 6 to 12 months by health professional
Melanoma
Can occur anywhere —more common:
lower limbs in women, upper back in men
Melanoma
The sign of major importance is a recent change in a mole
Melanoma
change in size—shape, colour—surface
border
Melanoma
New or changing lesion
Red flag for melanoma
Rapidly growing nodule of any colour
Red flag for melanoma
