SQL Keywords 101 Flashcards
ADD
Adds a column in an existing table
ADD CONSTRAINT
Adds a constraint after a table is already created
ALL
Returns true if all of the subquery values meet the condition
ALTER
Adds, deletes, or modifies columns in a table, or changes the data type of a column in a table
ALTER COLUMN
Changes the data type of a column in a table
ALTER TABLE
Adds, deletes, or modifies columns in a table
AND
Only includes rows where both conditions is true
ANY
Returns true if any of the subquery values meet the condition
AS
Renames a column or table with an alias
ASC
Sorts the result set in ascending order
BACKUP DATABASE
Creates a back up of an existing database
BETWEEN
Selects values within a given range
CASE
Creates different outputs based on conditions
CHECK
A constraint that limits the value that can be placed in a column
COLUMN
Changes the data type of a column or deletes a column in a table
CONSTRAINT
Adds or deletes a constraint
CREATE
Creates a database, index, view, table, or procedure
CREATE DATABASE
Creates a new SQL database
CREATE INDEX
Creates an index on a table (allows duplicate values)
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW
Updates a view
CREATE TABLE
Creates a new table in the database
CREATE PROCEDURE
Creates a stored procedure
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX
Creates a unique index on a table (no duplicate values)
CREATE VIEW
Creates a view based on the result set of a SELECT statement
DATABASE
Creates or deletes an SQL database
DEFAULT
A constraint that provides a default value for a column
DELETE
Deletes rows from a table
DESC
Sorts the result set in descending order
DISTINCT
Selects only distinct (different) values
DROP
Deletes a column, constraint, database, index, table, or view
DROP COLUMN
Deletes a column in a table
DROP CONSTRAINT
Deletes a UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, or CHECK constraint
DROP DATABASE
Deletes an existing SQL database
DROP DEFAULT
Deletes a DEFAULT constraint
DROP INDEX
Deletes an index in a table
DROP TABLE
Deletes an existing table in the database
DROP VIEW
Deletes a view
EXEC
Executes a stored procedure
EXISTS
Tests for the existence of any record in a subquery
FOREIGN KEY
A constraint that is a key used to link two tables together
FROM
Specifies which table to select or delete data from
FULL OUTER JOIN
Returns all rows when there is a match in either left table or right table
GROUP BY
Groups the result set (used with aggregate functions: COUNT, MAX, MIN, SUM, AVG)
HAVING
Used instead of WHERE with aggregate functions
IN
Allows you to specify multiple values in a WHERE clause
INDEX
Creates or deletes an index in a table
INNER JOIN
Returns rows that have matching values in both tables
INSERT INTO
Inserts new rows in a table
INSERT INTO SELECT
Copies data from one table into another table
IS NULL
Tests for empty values
IS NOT NULL
Tests for non-empty values
JOIN
Joins tables
LEFT JOIN
Returns all rows from the left table, and the matching rows from the right table
LIKE
Searches for a specified pattern in a column
LIMIT
Specifies the number of records to return in the result set
NOT
Only includes rows where a condition is not true
NOT NULL
A constraint that enforces a column to not accept NULL values
OR
Includes rows where either condition is true
ORDER BY
Sorts the result set in ascending or descending order
OUTER JOIN
Returns all rows when there is a match in either left table or right table
PRIMARY KEY
A constraint that uniquely identifies each record in a database table
PROCEDURE
A stored procedure
RIGHT JOIN
Returns all rows from the right table, and the matching rows from the left table
ROWNUM
Specifies the number of records to return in the result set
