SPSS

Question 1

Quantifying categorical differences

Answer 1

Analyse -> descriptive stats -> crosstabs

Question 2

Quantifying Associations

Answer 2

Analyse -> Correlate -> Bivariate

Question 3

Quantifying numeric differences

Answer 3

Analyse -> Descriptive Statistics -> Explore

Question 4

Check normality

Answer 4

Draw histogram:

Analyse -> Descriptive Statistics -> Explore

Question 5

Parametric significance tests

Answer 5

Analyse -> Compare means

Question 6

Non-parametric significance tests

Answer 6

Analyse -> Non-Parametric tests

or Crosstabs for binary

Question 7

Creating dummy variables

Answer 7

One less than number of categories
Transform -> Recode into different variables
Make wanted values into 1 and unnecessary values into 0

Question 8

Regression for numeric outcome

Answer 8

Analyse -> Regression -> Linear Regression

Plot residuals to check assumptions by saving residuals and predicted values as new variables