Spring US History Final Exam Flashcards
1
Q
What was the name of the mission to land a man on the moon?
A
Apollo
2
Q
What was the name of the group of Cuban rebels backed by the CIA?
A
La Brigada
3
Q
Who was the local night club owner who would kill JFK’s killer?
A
Jack Ruby
4
Q
What stood as a symbol of Cold War divisions?
A
Berlin Wall
5
Q
What was the name of the commission who would investigate the assassination of JFK?
A
Warren Commission
6
Q
Who was the first man on the moon for the United States?
A
Neil Armstrong
7
Q
What case ruled that a defendant in a state court has the right to a lawyer regardless of his/her ability to pay?
A
Gideon v. Wainwright
8
Q
Who was the name of the assassin who supposedly killed JFK?
A
Lee Harvey Oswald
9
Q
Who was the first African American to serve in a presidential cabinet?
A
Robert Weaver
10
Q
Where was the Cuban rebels suppose to land their invasion in Cuba?
A
Bay of Pigs
11
Q
Where was the first Special Olympics held?
A
Chicago
12
Q
The __________ of 1964 outlawed discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
A
Civil Rights Act
13
Q
On October 22, Kennedy announced that the Soviet Union had placed long-range nuclear missiles in Cuba helping to spark the _________.
A
Cuban Missile Crisis
14
Q
JFK’s legislative agenda was known as _______________.
A
New Frontier
15
Q
Who was the first American to orbit Earth?
A
John Glenn
16
Q
What Supreme Court case would require authorities to inform suspects of their right to remain silent.
A
Miranda v. Arizona
17
Q
What was the name of the lunar module that landed on the moon?
A
Eagle
18
Q
What was the name of LBJ’s legislative agenda?
A
Great Society
19
Q
__________, ruled that states could not compose official prayers and require those prayers be recited in public schools.
A
Engel v. Vitale
20
Q
The ___________ of 1965 protected voters from racial discrimination in both voting practices and those practices that aimed to bar people from voting.
A
Voting Rights Act
21
Q
Who became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1956?
A
Nikita Khrushchev
22
Q
Who established a communist regime in Cuba?
A
Fidel Castro
23
Q
The ___________ began in June 1948 and continued through the spring of 1949, bringing in more than two million tons of supplies to West Berlin.
A
Berlin Airlift
24
Q
What American general would be fired in 1951?
A
Douglas MacArthur
25
Senator McCarthy's tactic of damaging reputations with vague, unfounded charges became known as ________.
McCarthyism
26
_____________ is the practice of pushing a dangerous situation to limit to force an opponent to back down.
Brinkmanship
27
In February 1945, FDR, Churchill, and Stalin met at _______________-a Soviet resort on the Black Sea- to plan the postwar world.
Yalta
28
The ___________ would give European nations American aid to rebuild their economies.
Marshall Plan
29
The ___________ separated Eastern Europe from Western Europe
Iron Curtain
30
What began that would grip the American public in September 1945?
Red Scare
31
What was the name of the Soviet's military alliance in Eastern Europe?
Warsaw Pact
32
The five permanent members of the UN share what power?
Veto Power
33
At what conference did Truman learn of the first successful U.S. atomic bomb test?
Potsdam Conference
34
What was the United State's policy in the Cold War?
Containment
35
___________ is to express a formal disapproval of an action.
Censure
36
What two nations were involved mainly in the Cold War?
Soviet Union and United States
37
Who became president after Franklin Roosevelt's death?
Harry S. Truman
38
What separates North and South Korea?
38th Parallel
39
What was the name of the world's first space satellite?
Sputnik
40
Who was the director of the FBI?
J. Edgar Hoover
41
The ___________ is a measure of the value of leading industrial companies.
Industrial Index
42
What were the three causes of the Great Depression?
Loss of Export Sales, Mistakes by the Federal Reserve, and Uneven Distribution of Income
43
A ____________is a slowdown in economic activity over the course of a normal business cycle.
Recession
44
The _____________ was the first federal agency created to stimulate the economy during peacetime.
Reconstruction Finance Company
45
What was the name of Dorothea Lange's most famous photo of the Great Depression?
Migrant Mother
46
Who was the president in 1928?
Herbert Hoover
47
The _____________ raised the average tariff rate to the highest level in American history.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
48
What were the nicknames given to Dust Storms of the Midwest?
Black Blizzards or Black Rollers
49
Who was behind the organization of the "hunger marches" in the United States?
American Communist Party
50
A long period of rising stocks is known as a _______________.
Bull Market
51
A ____________ is a sustained, long-term, downturn in economic activity in one or more economies.
Depression
52
What was the name of the marchers who marched from Oregon to Washington, D.C., in 1932?
Bonus Army
53
When stocks made their steepest dive on October 29, 1929, the media would coin this day as ____________.
Black Tuesday
54
A market condition in which prices of securities are falling, thus causing pessimism in the market in known as a ______________.
Bear Market
55
The __________ created a pool of money that allowed troubled banks to continue lending money in their communities.
National Credit Corporation
56
What was the first Disney movie created during the Great Depression?
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
57
October 24, 1929, was known as?
Black Thursday
58
What was the first movie in color?
The Wizard of Oz
59
Who was in command of the army who cleared out the marchers from Washington, D.C.?
Douglas MacArthur
60
What was the name of Grant Wood's Famous painting?
American Gothic
61
What was the name of FDR's wife?
Eleanor Roosevelt
62
The ____________ built dams to control floods, conserve forestlands, and bring electricity to the middle and rural south.
Tennessee Valley Authority
63
Between March 9 and June 16, 1933 became known as the ___________ of FDR's presidency.
Hundred Days
64
What paralyzing disease did FDR contract in 1921?
Polio
65
What was the name of the Catholic priest and radio host who turned his back on Roosevelt's programs?
Father Charles Coughlin
66
What was the name of the Louisiana governor who championed the poor?
Huey Long
67
The ____________ was created to regulate the stock market and stop fraud.
Securities and Exchange Commission
68
The ___________ separated commercial banking from investment banking.
Glass-Steagall Act
69
What name was provided to Roosevelt's conversations he had with the nation on the radio?
Fireside Chats
70
___________ is a governmental practice of spending borrowed money rather than raising taxes, usually in an attempt to boost the economy.
Deficit spending
71
What was the most controversial program of all of Roosevelt's programs that put artists, musicians, writers, and theater people to work on the government payroll?
Federal Number One
72
The __________ was the largest public works program of the Great Depression.
Works Progress Administration
73
The core of _______________ was the monthly retirement benefit, which people collected when they stopped working at age 65.
Social Security
74
The __________ provides government insurance for bank deposits.
Federal Depositors Insurance Corporation
75
__________ holds that government should spend heavily in a recession to jump start the economy.
Keynesian economics
76
A _______________ is the act of closing remaining banks before bank runs could put them out of business.
Bank Holiday
77
What act guaranteed workers the right to unionize and bargain collectively?
Wagner Act/National Labor Relations Act
78
The first 15 major programs passed during the Great Depression under President Roosevelt became known as the __________.
New Deal
79
Who proposed that the federal government pay citizens over age 60 with a pension of $200 a month?
Francis Townsend
80
____________ was a process in which a neutral party hears arguments from two opposing sides and makes a decision that both must accept.
Binding arbitration
81
Who was known as Il Duce?
Benito Mussolini
82
On January 20, 1942, Nazi leaders met at the _____________ to coordinate the "final solution of the Jewish question."
Wannsee Conference
83
Who was the Der Fuhrer?
Adolf Hitler
84
What was the name of the German Airforce?
Luftwaffe
85
What does USSR stand for?
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
86
What was the name of the US territory, later a state, attacked by the Japanese?
Hawaii
87
The _________ declared that the entire western half of the Atlantic was part of the Western Hemisphere and therefore neutral?
Hemispheric Defense Zone
88
The ____________ Act allowed the United States to send weapons to Britain if Britain promised to return them or pay rent for them when the war ended.
Lend-Lease
89
Talks between Roosevelt and Churchill on ships near Newfoundland in 1941 resulted in the ___________, which committed the two leaders to a postwar world of democracy, non-aggression, and free trade.
Atlantic Charter
90
The Fascist militia that supported Mussolini was known as the ________________.
Black shirts
91
In his book, Adolf Hitler claimed that blond, blue-eyed Germans were descendants of a "master race" called ___________.
Aryans
92
___________,____________, and _______________ were known as the Axis Powers during World War II.
Germany, Italy, Japan
93
Who was the leader of the USSR?
Joseph Stalin
94
____________ were camps where men, women, and children were sent to be executed.
Extermination camps
95
Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor occurred on what date?
December 7, 1941
96
What was the name of the event where the Japanese army swept through China Killing 300,000 of its residents?
Rape of Nanking
97
Who was the Minister of War for Japan?
Hediki Tojo
98
___________ took citizenship away from Jewish Germans and banned marriage between Jews and other Germans.
Nuremberg Laws
99
What piece of technology gave Britain the air advantage over Germany which forced Hitler to cancel his plan to invade Britain?
Radar
100
____________ means lightning warfare.
Blitzkrieg
101
The ________________ was the mass extermination of million of European Jews.
Holocaust
102
_____________ was the idea that trade between nations helped to create prosperity and prevent war.
Internationalism
103
Hitler demanded the return of ______________, a Baltic Sea port that had been separated from Germany and added to Poland at the end of World War I.
Danzig
104
Once Hitler began to rebuild his military, he violated the ________________, which also ended World War I.
Treaty of Versailles
105
What served as the first peacetime draft in American history?
Selective Service and Training Act
106
What was the name of the German troops in North Africa?
Afrika Korps
107
What part of present day France did the D-Day invasion occur?
Normandy
108
What was the actual launch date of the D-Day invasion?
June 6, 1944
109
The Airforce created its first African American Unit, the 99th pursuit squadron, the pilots would be known as the ___________.
Tuskegee Airmen
110
Who created the Liberty ship?
Henry Kaiser
111
The __________ was the largest naval battle in history.
Battle of Leyte Gulf
112
What plane dropped "Fat Man"?
Bockscar
113
___________ was the first scientist to suggest that splitting the uranium atom might release enormous energy.
Leo Szilard
114
What two Japanese cities would ultimately feel the wrath of the United States atomic bombs?
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
115
The Pittsburgh Courier launched the ____________ campaign to stop the racism at home and Hitler's racism abroad.
Double V
116
What was the name of the project to build the atomic bomb?
Manhattan Project
117
The forced march of 78,000 Americans 65 miles to a Japanese prison camp was known as the __________.
Bataan Death March
118
The ___________ was a system in which merchant ships travel with naval vessels for protection.
Convoy system
119
After the defeat of the Germans in North Africa, Roosevelt and Churchill met at the __________ to discuss the next stage of the war.
Casablanca Conference
120
What plane dropped "Little Boy"?
Enola Gay
121
Who created the B-24 Bomber?
Henry Ford
122
The great symbol of the campaign to hire women was ___________, a character from a popular song by the Four Vagabonds.
Rosie the Riveter
123
The ________ put the Germans on the defensive in terms of its war with the USSR.
Stalingrad
124
In 1943, Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt met at the ____________ to discuss the USSR's involvement in the war.
Tehran Conference
125
Twenty-two German leaders were prosecuted for war crimes at the ___________.
Nuremberg Trials
126
Who was the commander of the United States Navy in the Pacific?
Chester Nimitz
127
What type of bomb was used in the firebombing of Tokyo?
Napalm
128
What finally ended the Great Depression?
World War II
129
FDR issued _________ which stated "there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color, or national origin."
Executive Order 8802
130
Physicist __________ led the team on July 16, 1945 that would test the first atomic bomb at the Proving Grounds of New Mexico.
J. Robert Oppenheimer
131
__________ is a government contract to pay a manufacturer the cost to produce an item plus a guaranteed percentage of profit.
Cost-plus contract
132
FDR created the ___________ to direct priorities and production goals for military factories during World War II.
War Production Board
133
What was the name of the German's last offensive of World War II?
Battle of the Bulge
134
What type of people were recruited to be "code-talkers" for the U.S. Marines?
Navajo Indians
135
The turning point of the war in the Pacific was _________.
Battle of Midway
136
Who was the general nicknamed the "Desert Fox"?
Erwin Rommel
137
Who was in command of the US forces at D-Day?
Dwight D. Eisenhower
138
In 1942 FDR created the ____________, who's role was to improve the public's understanding of the war and to act as a liaison office with the various media outlets.
Office of War Information
139
What was the name of the 4000 mile stretch of beach defenses that Hitler requested built to protect against an allied invasion.
Atlantic Wall
