Spring Semester Finals Flashcards
He constructed the 1st textile mill in America
Samuel Slater
Textiles became 1st major industry in America
(Providence Rhode Island 1789
Invented the Cotton Gin and the concept of interchangeable parts
Eli Whitney
What invention revolutionized the South?
Cotton Gin + Interchangeable parts
Originally a painter; later he developed the telegraph
Samuel F.B. Morse
Which invention revolutionized communication?
Telegraph
Former slave who became the leading voice for the abolition of slavery in America
Fedrick Douglas
Who was the leading voice for the abolition of slavery in America
Fredrick Douglas
The leading American evangelist of the 2nd Great Awakening
Charles Finney
Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints; aka Mormons
Joeseph Smith
The group was controversial due to its belief in polygamy; having multiple wives
Mormons
Who eventually led the group Utah
Bringham Young
He led American settlers inTejas during the 1820s
Stephen F. Austin
Eventually led the settlers to revolt against Mexican authorities and the fight for Texas independence
American settlers in Tejas during the 1820s
Nicknamed “The Raven”; served under General Andrew Jackson; later was elected governor of Tennessee
Sam Housten
Avenged the Texans after the Alamo; served as the 1st president of the Lone Star Republic and later
Sam Housten
Known as the “King of the Wild Frontier”; he served as a senator in Tenessee before leaving for Texas
Davy Crockett
Died at the Alamo
Davy Crockett
Known as the “Great Compromiser”; he was an influential leader of the Speaker of the House for many years
Henry Clay
Representing Kentucky, he was considered the “voice of the West”
Henry Clay
Old Rough and Ready
Zachary Taylor
Hero of the Mexican war; later elected president but died in office shortly thereafter
Zachary Taylor
Mexican war hero who captured Mexico City; he was the 1st commander of the Union troops in the Civil War but proved too old for the job
Winfield Scott
Old Fuss and Feathers; devised the Anaconda Plan
Winfield Scott
The Pathfinder of the West; he helped capture California during the Mexican War; established the Bear Flag Republic
John C Fremont
Later governor of Arizona Territory; he was the 1st presidential candidate of the Republican Party
John C. Freemont
The most famous Confederate general in the Civil War
Robert E Lee
His former home serves as a National Cemetery
Robert E Lee
Nicknamed Stonewall at the Battle of Bull Run; he defeated larger Union forces numerous times throughout the Shenandoah Valley
Thomas Jackson
He was accidentally killed by his own troops at the Battle of Chancellorsville
Thomas Jackson
Won numerous battles in the West before being promoted to Commander of all Union forces
US Grant
Later served as Secretary of War and eventually president; his administration was tainted with scandals
US Grant
A former lawyer and congressman from Illinois, he is considered by many to pour greatest president
Abraham Lincoln
Guided the nation through the Civil War
Abraham Lincoln
Massachusetts Senator who was known for his oratory, ability to speak in public
Daniel Webster
He was considered the leading voice, from New England
Daniel Webster
South Carolina Senator who later served as vice-president under Andrew Jackson; he was the leading voice for the South
John C Calhoun
He pushed the theory of nullification, that states could disregard federal law that was not in the best interest of the state
John C Calhoun
Often referred to as the Meteor; he lead a number of revolts against slavery; he and his sons hacked to death pro-slavery men at Pottawomtomie Creek K.S.
John Brown
He attempted to initiate a slave revolt at Harper’s Ferry Virginia, but it failed; he was eventually hung
John Brown
US Senator from Mississippi; he served as Secretary of War
Jefferson Davis
He was the 1st and only president of the Confederate States of America
Jefferson Davis
Served as Secretary of State under Lincoln and Johnson; he was stabbed the night of Lincoln’s assassination, but recovered
William H Seward
He is most famous for the purchase of Alaska, known at the time as ‘Seward’s Folly”
William H Seward
Civil War general who lost his arm in battle; he later served as the leader of the Freedman’s Bureau
Oliver O Howard
Howard University in DC was named in his honor
Oliver O Howard
He was the superintendent at Louisiana State Seminary and Military Academy (later LSU) when the Civil War started
William T Sherman
He was one of the most efficient Union generals; most famous for capturing Atlanta and burning a path to the sea
William T Sherman
Frenchman who designed the city of Washington DC
Pierre L’Enfant
Nicknamed “Little Napoleon”; twice led the Union troops, but was replaced both times
George B McClellan
He unsuccessfully challenged Lincoln for the presidency in 1864
George B McClellan
An American Express mail service on horseback that opened in the early 1860s; riders would travel 75 to 100 miles changing horses every 10 to 15 miles
Pony Express
A belief that slavery was a sin against humanity and should be ended immediately
Abolition
How many people were abolitionists before the war?
Only about 2% of the population were abolitionists before the war
Held on July 1848 in New York, it was a meeting for the women’s suffrage movement
Seneca Falls Convention
What was the beginning of the Women’s Rights Movement in America
The Seneca Falls Convention
The belief that ordained Americans to spread from sea to sea carrying their superior culture with them
Manifest Destiny
What was the belief the ordained Americans to spread from sea to sea carrying their religion with them?
Manifest Destiny
The land the US received from Mexico in 1848 through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexican Cession
How much land did Mexico give up through Mexican Cession? What is that land now called?
Mexico gave up 55% of its territory. That includes California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado and Oklahoma
It would’ve banned slavery in any territory received from Mexico; it was defeated in Congress
Wilmot Proviso
Proposed in 1846. What would’ve banned slavery in any territory received from Mexico?
Wilmot Proviso
It allowed the people of a territory to decide whether or not they wanted slavery
Popular Sovereignty
What was the popular belief to let people of a territory choose if they wanted slavery or not?
Popular Sovereignty
Started in 1848 when gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill; it lasted until 1855
California Gold Rush
Over 2 billion dollars worth of the precious metal was extracted; over 100,000 people migrated to California
California Gold Rush
Proposed by Henry Clay, it postponed the Civil War for 10 years, it allowed California to enter the Union as a free state
Compromise of 1850
implied popular sovereignty in the territories and enacted stronger fugitive slave laws
Compromise of 1850
Required northerners to return runaway slaves to their owners
Fugitive Slave Laws
What were Fugitive Slave Laws?
It required northerners to return runaway slaves to their owners
The system of smuggling runaway slaves to the North; many sought to go to Canada
Underground Railroad
It is estimated between 1810- 1850 100,000 escaped using this opportunity;
Underground Railroad
What was Harriet Tubman known as?
She was known as Moses and was the most famous conductor
It became law in 1854 and effectively repealed the Missouri Compromise; it established 2 new territories and allowed for popular sovereignty
Kansas- Nebraska Act
Established in 1854, often referred to as the GOP (Grand Old Party); it was founded in Ripon, Wisconsin
Republican Party
Who won the presidency in 1860 as a Republican?
Abraham Lincoln
1857 trial in which the Supreme Court determined slaves were not citizens therefore they could not sue in court
Dred Scott Decision
Roger B Taney, Cheif Justice, went further to say blacks had no rights white men had to observe
Dred Scott Decision
The act of formally withdrawing from the Union
Secede
States that has slavery, but did not withdraw from the Union; there were 4: Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland
Border States
The belief that the rights of the individual states superseded the laws of the nation; States’ Federal Government
States’ Rights
1st conflict between the Confederacy and the Union; Confederate troops captured the Union fort in Charleston Habor on April 12, 1861
Fort Sumter
Also known as the Battle of Manassas; 1st major battle of the war
Battle of Bull run
It occurred near Washington D.C and proved to be an embarrassing loss for the Union
Battle of Bull Run
Also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg; it occurred September 17, 1862, in Maryland
Antietam
It ended the South’s plan to invade the North; it is still considered the bloodiest single-day battle in American history with over 23,000 killed
Antietam
Fought from July 1-3, 1863, it was the largest land battle in the history of the Western hemisphere
Gettysburg
It proved to be the turning point in the war for the Union
Gettysburg
Fought at the same time as the Battle of Gettysburg
Vicksburg
The Union victory gave the North control of the Mississippi
Vicksburg
Also known as the Battle of Elk Horn Tavern, it was fought in NWA March 7-8, 1862
Pea Ridge
With over 26,000 participants, it was the largest battle west of the Mississippi; The Union victory gave them control of Missouri
Pea Ridge
Pirates or smugglers who broke through the Union lines to deliver
Blockade Runners
Another word for the draft; it is forcible entry into the military service
Conscription
During the Civil War, it included men from 18- 45
Conscription
The 12-year period 1865- 1877 when the South was being rebuilt by the federal government and much of the South was under military occupation
Reconstruction
What was Reconstruction?
A 12-year period 1865- 1877 when the South was being rebuilt by the federal government and much of the South was under military occupation
Issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863; it freed slaves held in Confederate States
Emancipation Proclamation
Many considered this propaganda because Lincoln did not have the authority to free the slaves
Emancipation Proclaimation
Laws passed in the South during Reconstruction to limit some of the freedoms acquired by blacks
Black Codes
It was the largest of a number of hate groups that arose following the Civil War
Ku Klux Klan
Where and who established the 1st Ku Klux Klan?
1st started in Pulaski, Tennesse by former Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest
Northerners who came south seeking fortune following the war
Carpetbaggers
Who were most carpetbaggers?
Northerners
Southerners who supported Reconstruction and often worked for the Republicans; the term originated in the early 1800s and referred to a worthless animal
Scalawags
Who was the most famous scalawag?
General James Longstreet, (one of General Lee’s most trusted advisors)
To take away the right to vote
Disfranchisement
Infamous ways of disfranchisement
The 2 most infamous ways of doing this were literacy tests and poll taxes
People who did not own their own land, therefore, worked the land of others. In exchange, they shared a portion of their harvest with the landowners
Sharecroppers
How many people ended up totally in debt due to sharecropping? (Some, most, or a lot)
most ended up totally in debt
The term used to describe a Southern government when Democrats had regained control of the state legislature during Reconstruction
Redemption
When did “Redemption” take place?
During Reconstruction they regain control of the state legislature
