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History- Finals > Spring Semester Finals > Flashcards

Spring Semester Finals Flashcards

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1
Q

He constructed the 1st textile mill in America

A

Samuel Slater

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2
Q

Textiles became 1st major industry in America

A

(Providence Rhode Island 1789

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3
Q

Invented the Cotton Gin and the concept of interchangeable parts

A

Eli Whitney

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4
Q

What invention revolutionized the South?

A

Cotton Gin + Interchangeable parts

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5
Q

Originally a painter; later he developed the telegraph

A

Samuel F.B. Morse

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6
Q

Which invention revolutionized communication?

A

Telegraph

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7
Q

Former slave who became the leading voice for the abolition of slavery in America

A

Fedrick Douglas

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8
Q

Who was the leading voice for the abolition of slavery in America

A

Fredrick Douglas

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9
Q

The leading American evangelist of the 2nd Great Awakening

A

Charles Finney

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10
Q

Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints; aka Mormons

A

Joeseph Smith

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11
Q

The group was controversial due to its belief in polygamy; having multiple wives

A

Mormons

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12
Q

Who eventually led the group Utah

A

Bringham Young

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13
Q

He led American settlers inTejas during the 1820s

A

Stephen F. Austin

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14
Q

Eventually led the settlers to revolt against Mexican authorities and the fight for Texas independence

A

American settlers in Tejas during the 1820s

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15
Q

Nicknamed “The Raven”; served under General Andrew Jackson; later was elected governor of Tennessee

A

Sam Housten

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16
Q

Avenged the Texans after the Alamo; served as the 1st president of the Lone Star Republic and later

A

Sam Housten

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17
Q

Known as the “King of the Wild Frontier”; he served as a senator in Tenessee before leaving for Texas

A

Davy Crockett

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18
Q

Died at the Alamo

A

Davy Crockett

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19
Q

Known as the “Great Compromiser”; he was an influential leader of the Speaker of the House for many years

A

Henry Clay

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20
Q

Representing Kentucky, he was considered the “voice of the West”

A

Henry Clay

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21
Q

Old Rough and Ready

A

Zachary Taylor

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22
Q

Hero of the Mexican war; later elected president but died in office shortly thereafter

A

Zachary Taylor

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23
Q

Mexican war hero who captured Mexico City; he was the 1st commander of the Union troops in the Civil War but proved too old for the job

A

Winfield Scott

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24
Q

Old Fuss and Feathers; devised the Anaconda Plan

A

Winfield Scott

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25
Q

The Pathfinder of the West; he helped capture California during the Mexican War; established the Bear Flag Republic

A

John C Fremont

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26
Q

Later governor of Arizona Territory; he was the 1st presidential candidate of the Republican Party

A

John C. Freemont

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27
Q

The most famous Confederate general in the Civil War

A

Robert E Lee

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28
Q

His former home serves as a National Cemetery

A

Robert E Lee

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29
Q

Nicknamed Stonewall at the Battle of Bull Run; he defeated larger Union forces numerous times throughout the Shenandoah Valley

A

Thomas Jackson

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30
Q

He was accidentally killed by his own troops at the Battle of Chancellorsville

A

Thomas Jackson

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31
Q

Won numerous battles in the West before being promoted to Commander of all Union forces

A

US Grant

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32
Q

Later served as Secretary of War and eventually president; his administration was tainted with scandals

A

US Grant

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33
Q

A former lawyer and congressman from Illinois, he is considered by many to pour greatest president

A

Abraham Lincoln

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34
Q

Guided the nation through the Civil War

A

Abraham Lincoln

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35
Q

Massachusetts Senator who was known for his oratory, ability to speak in public

A

Daniel Webster

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36
Q

He was considered the leading voice, from New England

A

Daniel Webster

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37
Q

South Carolina Senator who later served as vice-president under Andrew Jackson; he was the leading voice for the South

A

John C Calhoun

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38
Q

He pushed the theory of nullification, that states could disregard federal law that was not in the best interest of the state

A

John C Calhoun

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39
Q

Often referred to as the Meteor; he lead a number of revolts against slavery; he and his sons hacked to death pro-slavery men at Pottawomtomie Creek K.S.

A

John Brown

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40
Q

He attempted to initiate a slave revolt at Harper’s Ferry Virginia, but it failed; he was eventually hung

A

John Brown

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41
Q

US Senator from Mississippi; he served as Secretary of War

A

Jefferson Davis

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42
Q

He was the 1st and only president of the Confederate States of America

A

Jefferson Davis

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43
Q

Served as Secretary of State under Lincoln and Johnson; he was stabbed the night of Lincoln’s assassination, but recovered

A

William H Seward

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44
Q

He is most famous for the purchase of Alaska, known at the time as ‘Seward’s Folly”

A

William H Seward

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45
Q

Civil War general who lost his arm in battle; he later served as the leader of the Freedman’s Bureau

A

Oliver O Howard

46
Q

Howard University in DC was named in his honor

A

Oliver O Howard

47
Q

He was the superintendent at Louisiana State Seminary and Military Academy (later LSU) when the Civil War started

A

William T Sherman

48
Q

He was one of the most efficient Union generals; most famous for capturing Atlanta and burning a path to the sea

A

William T Sherman

49
Q

Frenchman who designed the city of Washington DC

A

Pierre L’Enfant

50
Q

Nicknamed “Little Napoleon”; twice led the Union troops, but was replaced both times

A

George B McClellan

51
Q

He unsuccessfully challenged Lincoln for the presidency in 1864

A

George B McClellan

52
Q

An American Express mail service on horseback that opened in the early 1860s; riders would travel 75 to 100 miles changing horses every 10 to 15 miles

A

Pony Express

53
Q

A belief that slavery was a sin against humanity and should be ended immediately

A

Abolition

54
Q

How many people were abolitionists before the war?

A

Only about 2% of the population were abolitionists before the war

55
Q

Held on July 1848 in New York, it was a meeting for the women’s suffrage movement

A

Seneca Falls Convention

56
Q

What was the beginning of the Women’s Rights Movement in America

A

The Seneca Falls Convention

57
Q

The belief that ordained Americans to spread from sea to sea carrying their superior culture with them

A

Manifest Destiny

58
Q

What was the belief the ordained Americans to spread from sea to sea carrying their religion with them?

A

Manifest Destiny

59
Q

The land the US received from Mexico in 1848 through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

Mexican Cession

60
Q

How much land did Mexico give up through Mexican Cession? What is that land now called?

A

Mexico gave up 55% of its territory. That includes California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado and Oklahoma

61
Q

It would’ve banned slavery in any territory received from Mexico; it was defeated in Congress

A

Wilmot Proviso

62
Q

Proposed in 1846. What would’ve banned slavery in any territory received from Mexico?

A

Wilmot Proviso

63
Q

It allowed the people of a territory to decide whether or not they wanted slavery

A

Popular Sovereignty

64
Q

What was the popular belief to let people of a territory choose if they wanted slavery or not?

A

Popular Sovereignty

65
Q

Started in 1848 when gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill; it lasted until 1855

A

California Gold Rush

66
Q

Over 2 billion dollars worth of the precious metal was extracted; over 100,000 people migrated to California

A

California Gold Rush

67
Q

Proposed by Henry Clay, it postponed the Civil War for 10 years, it allowed California to enter the Union as a free state

A

Compromise of 1850

68
Q

implied popular sovereignty in the territories and enacted stronger fugitive slave laws

A

Compromise of 1850

69
Q

Required northerners to return runaway slaves to their owners

A

Fugitive Slave Laws

70
Q

What were Fugitive Slave Laws?

A

It required northerners to return runaway slaves to their owners

71
Q

The system of smuggling runaway slaves to the North; many sought to go to Canada

A

Underground Railroad

72
Q

It is estimated between 1810- 1850 100,000 escaped using this opportunity;

A

Underground Railroad

73
Q

What was Harriet Tubman known as?

A

She was known as Moses and was the most famous conductor

74
Q

It became law in 1854 and effectively repealed the Missouri Compromise; it established 2 new territories and allowed for popular sovereignty

A

Kansas- Nebraska Act

75
Q

Established in 1854, often referred to as the GOP (Grand Old Party); it was founded in Ripon, Wisconsin

A

Republican Party

76
Q

Who won the presidency in 1860 as a Republican?

A

Abraham Lincoln

77
Q

1857 trial in which the Supreme Court determined slaves were not citizens therefore they could not sue in court

A

Dred Scott Decision

78
Q

Roger B Taney, Cheif Justice, went further to say blacks had no rights white men had to observe

A

Dred Scott Decision

79
Q

The act of formally withdrawing from the Union

A

Secede

80
Q

States that has slavery, but did not withdraw from the Union; there were 4: Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland

A

Border States

81
Q

The belief that the rights of the individual states superseded the laws of the nation; States’ Federal Government

A

States’ Rights

82
Q

1st conflict between the Confederacy and the Union; Confederate troops captured the Union fort in Charleston Habor on April 12, 1861

A

Fort Sumter

83
Q

Also known as the Battle of Manassas; 1st major battle of the war

A

Battle of Bull run

84
Q

It occurred near Washington D.C and proved to be an embarrassing loss for the Union

A

Battle of Bull Run

85
Q

Also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg; it occurred September 17, 1862, in Maryland

A

Antietam

86
Q

It ended the South’s plan to invade the North; it is still considered the bloodiest single-day battle in American history with over 23,000 killed

A

Antietam

87
Q

Fought from July 1-3, 1863, it was the largest land battle in the history of the Western hemisphere

A

Gettysburg

88
Q

It proved to be the turning point in the war for the Union

A

Gettysburg

89
Q

Fought at the same time as the Battle of Gettysburg

A

Vicksburg

90
Q

The Union victory gave the North control of the Mississippi

A

Vicksburg

91
Q

Also known as the Battle of Elk Horn Tavern, it was fought in NWA March 7-8, 1862

A

Pea Ridge

92
Q

With over 26,000 participants, it was the largest battle west of the Mississippi; The Union victory gave them control of Missouri

A

Pea Ridge

93
Q

Pirates or smugglers who broke through the Union lines to deliver

A

Blockade Runners

94
Q

Another word for the draft; it is forcible entry into the military service

A

Conscription

95
Q

During the Civil War, it included men from 18- 45

A

Conscription

96
Q

The 12-year period 1865- 1877 when the South was being rebuilt by the federal government and much of the South was under military occupation

A

Reconstruction

97
Q

What was Reconstruction?

A

A 12-year period 1865- 1877 when the South was being rebuilt by the federal government and much of the South was under military occupation

98
Q

Issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863; it freed slaves held in Confederate States

A

Emancipation Proclamation

99
Q

Many considered this propaganda because Lincoln did not have the authority to free the slaves

A

Emancipation Proclaimation

100
Q

Laws passed in the South during Reconstruction to limit some of the freedoms acquired by blacks

A

Black Codes

101
Q

It was the largest of a number of hate groups that arose following the Civil War

A

Ku Klux Klan

102
Q

Where and who established the 1st Ku Klux Klan?

A

1st started in Pulaski, Tennesse by former Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest

103
Q

Northerners who came south seeking fortune following the war

A

Carpetbaggers

104
Q

Who were most carpetbaggers?

A

Northerners

105
Q

Southerners who supported Reconstruction and often worked for the Republicans; the term originated in the early 1800s and referred to a worthless animal

A

Scalawags

106
Q

Who was the most famous scalawag?

A

General James Longstreet, (one of General Lee’s most trusted advisors)

107
Q

To take away the right to vote

A

Disfranchisement

108
Q

Infamous ways of disfranchisement

A

The 2 most infamous ways of doing this were literacy tests and poll taxes

109
Q

People who did not own their own land, therefore, worked the land of others. In exchange, they shared a portion of their harvest with the landowners

A

Sharecroppers

110
Q

How many people ended up totally in debt due to sharecropping? (Some, most, or a lot)

A

most ended up totally in debt

111
Q

The term used to describe a Southern government when Democrats had regained control of the state legislature during Reconstruction

A

Redemption

112
Q

When did “Redemption” take place?

A

During Reconstruction they regain control of the state legislature

History- Finals (1 decks)

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