spring final study guide

Question 1

hydrolysis

Answer 1

adding water molecules breaks bonds between monomer, polymers broke down when water is added

Question 2

dehydration synthesis reactions

Answer 2

joins two monomers together to form a larger molecule, resulting in a loss of water

Question 3

properties of water

Answer 3

cohesion/adhesion, moderation of temperature through transpiration, expansion upon freezing, solvent of life

Question 4

lipids

Answer 4

store energy, make hormones, insulation

Question 5

proteins

Answer 5

catalyze chemical reactions, regulate passage of substances across cell membrane; sequence of amino acids linked together

Question 6

nucleic acids

Answer 6

genetic blueprint, carry DNA, DNA

Question 7

carbohydrates

Answer 7

quick forms of energy, store energy, simple sugars

Question 8

glycogen vs. starch vs. cellulose

Answer 8

stored in liver as glucose can be quickly broken down for quick energy; storage in plants used for energy; makes plant cells rigid and strong, plant cell wall

Question 9

central dogma

Answer 9

dna –> rna –> protein; rna –> protein

Question 10

rough er vs smooth er

Answer 10

produce proteins that will become part of endomembrane sysmem ; syntehzies hormones and lipids, distbrutibes them throughout cell

Question 11

endomembrane system

Answer 11

rough er –> golgi –> vesicles –> cell exterior

Question 12

vesicles

Answer 12

move molecules, digest, regulate pressure in cell

Question 13

vacuole

Answer 13

store nutrients, water

Question 14

what organelles do prokaryotic cells lack

Answer 14

ER, golgi, mitochondria, chloroplast

Question 15

simple diffusion

Answer 15

high to low, small non charged/lipid soluble molecules pass through phospholipids

Question 16

facilitated diffucion

Answer 16

high to low; diffusion of solutes through transport proteins

Question 17

active transport

Answer 17

low to high; requries use of energy in form of ATP; membrane proteins transport molecules across cells

Question 18

osmosis

Answer 18

diffusion of water molecules; high to loww

Question 19

water potential

Answer 19

water moves from high (more water, less solutes) to low water potential (less water, more solutes)

Question 20

PCR

Answer 20

polymerase chain reaction, used to make copies of a particular DNA region

Question 21

lac operon system

Answer 21

group of genes with single promoter, presence of lactose turns on transition of genes for its own metablolism

Question 22

trp operon

Answer 22

repressible control; uses proteins bound to operator sequence to prevent binding of RNA polymerase