Spring Final Review Living Earth

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

• provides support and protection
• Makes blood cells
• Provides storage

Question 2

What are the types of marrow in the bones and their jobs in the skeletal system?

Answer 2

Marrow - Canal of soft tissue
Yellow - storage
Red - Makes blood

Question 3

What is the periosteum?

Answer 3

Tough outer layer of the bone parts

Question 4

Name the joints in are body and how they move

Answer 4

Plane joint - wrist and foot
Saddle joint - elbow (abduction joint)
Hinge joint - elbow and knee
Pivot joint - neck (rotations)
Ball and socket joint - back, front, side
Ellipsoid joint - wrist (angular motion)

Question 5

What do ligaments do?

Answer 5

Ligaments are tissues that holds bones in a joint

Question 6

What connect muscles to bones?

Answer 6

Ligaments

Question 7

What are the three types of muscles and their jobs?

Answer 7

Cardiac - Heart striated, involuntary

Skeletal - Moves bones striated, voluntary

Smooth - muscles involuntary, smooth

Question 8

What are the functions and layers of the skin?

Answer 8

Epidermis - Outer layer of skin

Dermis - Inner layer of skin

Question 9

What are the types and functions of blood vessels?

Answer 9

Arteries - carry oxygen-rich blood from heart to body, large and thick to withstand blood pressure

Capillaries - Tiny vessels where materials exchange takes place

Veins - Returns bad blood back to heart

Question 10

What do valves do for the circulatory system?

Answer 10

Valves flap to keep blood flowing in one direction

Question 11

How does the blood pressure compare in the different blood vessels?

Answer 11

Arteries carry the blood from the heart so they are the thickest ones and have most important blood

Question 12

What are the types and functions of the blood cells?

Answer 12

Red - transport oxygen to cells

White - flight diseases

Platelets - clot blood

Question 13

What does the blood do for the body?

Answer 13

Carry oxygen and nutrients to each cells of your body part

Question 14

What does Lymphatic system do?

Answer 14

Collects fluid lost by circulatory system made of vessels, nodes, and organs

Question 15

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 15

Brings in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide

Question 16

What filters the air before it gets to the lungs?

Answer 16

Nose and mouth - have cilia and mucus to clean air

Question 17

What does the diaphragm do?

Answer 17

Muscle at base of rib that contracts and expands chest to breathe

Question 18

How does the foods get from mouth to stomach?

Answer 18

Waves of muscle contractions called peristalsis, force down food through the esophagus to the stomach

Question 19

What are the parts and functions of the digestive system?

Answer 19

Mouth - Mechanical/chemical digestion

Esophagus - Muscles push down food

Stomach - Muscles and acid digest food

Small intestine - food absorbed into body

Pancreas - makes enzyme to help break down food

Liver - Makes bile dissolve fat

Large intestine (colon) - Removes water and compacts leftovers

Question 20

What is in saliva to break down food?

Answer 20

Amylase which breaks down starch

Question 21

What are the two types of digestions?

Answer 21

Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion

Question 22

What is the food called after the stomach has digested it?

Answer 22

Chyme - thick liquid after it has been digested

Question 23

What does the excretory system do?

Answer 23

Removes wastes and maintains blood

Question 24

What are the organs of the excretory system? How do they work?

Answer 24

Kidneys - clean blood

Nephrons - filters in kidneys

Question 25

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 25

Controls and coordinates body functions

Question 26

What are nerve cells called?

Answer 26

Neurons

Question 27

What are the three types of nerve cells and their functions?

Answer 27

Sensory neurons - carry impulses from sense organs

Motor neurons - carry impulses from muscles

Inter neurons - connect sensory and motor neurons

Question 28

What do neurotransmitters do?

Answer 28

Carry chemical signals from one neuron to the other

Question 29

What are two parts of the nervous system? Their functions?

Answer 29

Central nervous system - Brain and spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system - nerves around body

Question 30

Name the parts of the brain and what they control

Answer 30

Cerebrum (top of brain):
- Controls voluntary activities,
(moving, learning, thinking) etc. Divided into 4 parts

Cerebellum (Bottom right)
- Coordinates muscles and controls balance

Thalamus (center of brain)
- Receives and routes sensory messages

Hypothalamus (below thalamus)
- Recognizes hunger, thirst, etc.

Brain stem (middle bottom)
- controls involuntary functions (Breathing, heart rate) etc.

Question 31

What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system? Their functions?

Answer 31

Sensory division - Connects sense organs and central nervous system

Motor division - Connects central nervous system to muscles and glands

Question 32

What are the two parts of the motor division and what do they control?

Answer 32

Somatic nerves - Regulate voluntary activities and reflexes (Moving, talking, etc).

Autonomic nerves - Regulate involuntary activities ( Heart rate, breathing, etc).

Question 33

What are the cells in the eye that let you see color and black and white

Answer 33

Rods - Black/white

Cones - Color

Question 34

What are the parts of the ear that controls balance?

Answer 34

Semicircular canals - sacs of fluid that monitor balance