Spring Final Review Living Earth Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeletal system
- provides support and protection
- Makes blood cells
- Provides storage
What are the types of marrow in the bones and their jobs in the skeletal system?
Marrow - Canal of soft tissue
Yellow - storage
Red - Makes blood
What is the periosteum?
Tough outer layer of the bone parts
Name the joints in are body and how they move
Plane joint - wrist and foot
Saddle joint - elbow (abduction joint)
Hinge joint - elbow and knee
Pivot joint - neck (rotations)
Ball and socket joint - back, front, side
Ellipsoid joint - wrist (angular motion)
What do ligaments do?
Ligaments are tissues that holds bones in a joint
What connect muscles to bones?
Ligaments
What are the three types of muscles and their jobs?
Cardiac - Heart striated, involuntary
Skeletal - Moves bones striated, voluntary
Smooth - muscles involuntary, smooth
What are the functions and layers of the skin?
Epidermis - Outer layer of skin
Dermis - Inner layer of skin
What are the types and functions of blood vessels?
Arteries - carry oxygen-rich blood from heart to body, large and thick to withstand blood pressure
Capillaries - Tiny vessels where materials exchange takes place
Veins - Returns bad blood back to heart
What do valves do for the circulatory system?
Valves flap to keep blood flowing in one direction
How does the blood pressure compare in the different blood vessels?
Arteries carry the blood from the heart so they are the thickest ones and have most important blood
What are the types and functions of the blood cells?
Red - transport oxygen to cells
White - flight diseases
Platelets - clot blood
What does the blood do for the body?
Carry oxygen and nutrients to each cells of your body part
What does Lymphatic system do?
Collects fluid lost by circulatory system made of vessels, nodes, and organs
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Brings in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide
What filters the air before it gets to the lungs?
Nose and mouth - have cilia and mucus to clean air
What does the diaphragm do?
Muscle at base of rib that contracts and expands chest to breathe
How does the foods get from mouth to stomach?
Waves of muscle contractions called peristalsis, force down food through the esophagus to the stomach
What are the parts and functions of the digestive system?
Mouth - Mechanical/chemical digestion
Esophagus - Muscles push down food
Stomach - Muscles and acid digest food
Small intestine - food absorbed into body
Pancreas - makes enzyme to help break down food
Liver - Makes bile dissolve fat
Large intestine (colon) - Removes water and compacts leftovers
What is in saliva to break down food?
Amylase which breaks down starch
What are the two types of digestions?
Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion
What is the food called after the stomach has digested it?
Chyme - thick liquid after it has been digested
What does the excretory system do?
Removes wastes and maintains blood
What are the organs of the excretory system? How do they work?
Kidneys - clean blood
Nephrons - filters in kidneys
What is the function of the nervous system?
Controls and coordinates body functions
What are nerve cells called?
Neurons
What are the three types of nerve cells and their functions?
Sensory neurons - carry impulses from sense organs
Motor neurons - carry impulses from muscles
Inter neurons - connect sensory and motor neurons
What do neurotransmitters do?
Carry chemical signals from one neuron to the other
What are two parts of the nervous system? Their functions?
Central nervous system - Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system - nerves around body
Name the parts of the brain and what they control
Cerebrum (top of brain):
- Controls voluntary activities,
(moving, learning, thinking) etc. Divided into 4 parts
Cerebellum (Bottom right)
- Coordinates muscles and controls balance
Thalamus (center of brain)
- Receives and routes sensory messages
Hypothalamus (below thalamus)
- Recognizes hunger, thirst, etc.
Brain stem (middle bottom)
- controls involuntary functions (Breathing, heart rate) etc.
What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system? Their functions?
Sensory division - Connects sense organs and central nervous system
Motor division - Connects central nervous system to muscles and glands
What are the two parts of the motor division and what do they control?
Somatic nerves - Regulate voluntary activities and reflexes (Moving, talking, etc).
Autonomic nerves - Regulate involuntary activities ( Heart rate, breathing, etc).
What are the cells in the eye that let you see color and black and white
Rods - Black/white
Cones - Color
What are the parts of the ear that controls balance?
Semicircular canals - sacs of fluid that monitor balance
