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FMS > Spring Final > Flashcards

Spring Final Flashcards

1
Q

When thought content and arousal level are intact but a patient cannot communicate, the patient has:

A

• Locked-in syndrome

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2
Q

A decrease in cerebral perfusion is related to which of the following changes:

A

• Cerebral artery vasodilation

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3
Q

A 48 yo female presents at the ED complaining of an acute, severe HA, nausea, photophobia and nucheal rigidity. These are signs and symptoms probably caused by:

A

• Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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4
Q

An initial clinical manifestation associated with acute spinal cord injury is:

A

• Loss of voluntary control below the injury

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5
Q

A 33 yo male is brought to the ED for treatment of an injury he received in a MVA. An MRI revealed an injury to the cervical cord. Cord swelling in this region may be life threatening disease:

A

• Diaphragm function may be impaired

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6
Q

Six weeks ago, a female patient suffered a T6 spinal injury. She then developed a BP of 200/120, a severe headache, blurred vision, an bradycardia. She is likely experiencing:

A

• Autonomic dysreflexia

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7
Q

A 20 yo male suffers a severe closed head injury in an MVA. He remains in a vegetative state 1 month after the accident. Which of the following structures in most likely to be damaged?

A

• Brain stem

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8
Q

A direct consequence of increased intracranial pressure:

A

• Brain tissue hypoxia

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9
Q

Cerebral edema is an accumulation of fluid in the:

A

• Brain tissue

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10
Q

A 51 yo male is admitted to the neuro-critical care unit with a severe closed head injury. All 4 extremities are in rigid extension, his forearm is hyperpronated, and his legs are in planter extension. This condition is known as:

A

• Decerebrate posturing

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11
Q

Associational neurons:

A

• Transmit impulses from neuron to neuron

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12
Q

The premotor area (Brodmann area 6) is:

A

• Involved in programming motor movements

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13
Q

The subarachnoid space:

A

• Contains CSF

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14
Q

Normal CSF pressure:

A

• 9 – 14 mmhg

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15
Q

The neurotransmitter released by preganglionic parasympathetic fibers is:

A

• Acetylcholine

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16
Q

Seizures are initiated by:

A

• Hypersynchronization and bursts of action potentials

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17
Q

A person is diagnosed with agnosia after a cerebrovascular accident. The PA understands the person may not be able to:

A

• Recognize familiar objects such as a watch

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18
Q

The onset of an acute confusional state is:

A

sudden

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19
Q

Increased intracranial pressure can occur because of:

A

• Cerebral edema

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20
Q

During morning report, a PA is assigned to care for a person who is areflexic. The PA understands this means the person has:

A

• No tendon reflexes

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21
Q

An unconscious person is admitted to the hospital following a motorcycle accident. The person experienced a brief loss of consciousness at the scene followed by an awake, lucid period of 1 hour. The PA suspects this individual has a(n):

A

• Extradural hematoma

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22
Q

Spinal shock is associated with:

A

• Reduced venous return

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23
Q

The primary cause of cerebral hemorrhage is:

A

• Hypertension

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24
Q

Fusiform aneurysms are:

A

• Due to arteriosclerotic changes

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25
Q

A person arrives at the clinic and reports a headache in the left temporal area, nausea, and vomiting that began 1 hours ago. The PA suspects:

A

• Migraine headache

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26
Q

Inflammation, oligodendrocyte injury, demyelinization, and axonal degeneration characterize:

A

• Multiple sclerosis

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27
Q

A person is admitted to the hospital after experiencing delusions. The PA knows that delusions:

A

• Are a persistent belief that is contrary to the background of the individual

28
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibtiros act to:

A

• Increase monoamine levels

29
Q

Excessive and persistent worrying is found with:

A

• Generalized anxiety disorder

30
Q

In a newborn infant, the most inferior part of the spinal cord is found at which level?

A

• L3

31
Q

Caudal herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum is called:

A

• Arnold Chiari Syndrome

32
Q

Which of the following most accurately describes the herniation of meninges and brain tissue (only) through a defect in occipital bones?

A

• Cranium bifidum with meningoencephalocele

33
Q

The choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle is derived from the:

A

roof plate

34
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the sulcus limitans?

A

• It is found between the alar and basal plate

35
Q

Which flexure is found between the metencephalon and the myelencephalon?

A

• Pontine flexure

36
Q

Which of the following contains cell bodies of motor neurons?

A

• Basal plate of spinal cord

37
Q

Microglia cells are derived from which germ layer?

A

• Mesoderm

38
Q

Dorsal root ganglion cells arise from:

A

• Neural crest cells

39
Q

The cells that produce myelin in the PNS arise from:

A

• Neural crest cells

40
Q

Which of the following is the results of the rostral neuropore failure to close during the 4th week?

A

• Meroencephaly

41
Q

What is the condition in which the neural folds fail to fuse in a certain area of the spinal cord?

A

• Spina bifida occulta

42
Q

Which of the following is NOT derived from neural crest cells?

A

• Dura mater

43
Q

Which of the following is derived from mesoderm?

A

• Dura mater

44
Q

Which of the following is derived from both neural crest and placodes?

A

• Sensory ganglia of CN V

45
Q

Which of the following is an alar plate derivative (only alar plate)?

A

• Cerebellum

46
Q

The vascular pia mater, together with the ependymal roof form the:

A

• Tela choroidea

47
Q

Which of the following layers of the neural tube gives rise to white matter?

A

• Marginal zone

48
Q

The diencephalic cavity becomes the ____________.

A

• 3rd ventricle

49
Q

Which of the following is not a part of the diencephalon?

A

• Cerebral cortex

50
Q

____________ pathways carry sensory information toward the central nervous system (CNS).

A

• Ascending

51
Q

Which nerves are capable of regeneration?

A

• Myelinated nerves in the peripheral nervous system

52
Q

Parkinson and Huntington diseases are associated with defects in the:

A

• Basal ganglia

53
Q

The ______ controls reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, sneezing, swallowing, and coughing.

A

• Medulla Oblongata

54
Q

What structure produces cerebrospinal fluid?

A

• Choroid plexuses

55
Q

The brain receives approximately _____ % of the cardiac output.

A

20

56
Q

Cognitive operations cannot occur without the _____ functioning.

A

• Reticular activating system

57
Q

In posthyperventilation apnea (PHVA), respirations stop after hyperventilation followed by the return of rhythmic breathing. What stimulus causes the hyperventilation?

A

• high arterial carbon dioxide

58
Q

Which is a characteristic of brainstem death?

A

• Apnea

59
Q

A sudden, explosive, disorderly discharge of cerebral neurons is termed:

A

seizure

60
Q

Status epilepticus is considered a medical emergency because of the:

A

• Development of cerebral hypoxia

61
Q

What are the areas in the brain that mediate several cognitive functions, including vigilance, reasoning, and executive functions?

A

• Prefrontal

62
Q

Normal intracranial pressure is ____ mmHg.

A

• 5 to 15

63
Q

hat damage is most likely to occur to the brain in a classic cerebral concussion?

A

• Diffuse cerebral disconnection from the reticular activating system

64
Q

____ are most at risk of spinal cord injury from minor trauma.

A

• Older adults

65
Q

The edema of the upper cervical cord after spinal cord injury is considered life threatening because of:

A

• The apnea from the impairment to the diaphragm

FMS (1 decks)

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