Sprains Flashcards

1
Q

What is gait?

A

refereed to as walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

you need how many degrees of flexion during the swing phase?

A

60 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when maximally hyper extend you need up to how many degrees at heel off?

A

10 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

with the screw home mechanism, what happens to the tibial?

A

ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

if the knee doesn’t reach full extension what happens to the ankle?

A

it becomes hypermobile

SN; THE HIP WILL NOT COMPENSATE BC IT NEEDS TO IR WHEN KNEE ER AT THE HEEL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Descending from stairs you need how many degrees of flexion

A

90 degrees, but may need up to 120 degrees of flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Doing a sit-to-stand from a toilet or chair you need how many degrees of flexion?

A

105 degrees of flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many degrees of flexion for cycling do you need?

A

120 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the goal with a total knee arthroplasty?

A

120 degrees of flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when kneeling and going into a deep squat you need?

A

full flexion and arthrokinematic from 120-150 degrees of flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

going into a squat the femoral will?

A

ER, posterior glide, and lateral glide

anything of the motions sound different.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Knee flexion the tibia is?

A

IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

knee extension the tibia is?

A

ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a sprain?

A

stretching or tearing of a ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stretching or tearing of a ligament may lead to what?

A

joint laxity and dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is increased accessory motion and inadequate neuromuscular function

A

joint instability

17
Q

what is functional instability?

A

able to offset laxity through neuromuscular function

18
Q

what is mechanical instability?

A

unable to offset laxity and likely requires surgery

19
Q

mild S&S, activity may continue, fibers are stretched but NOT torn so minimal to no change during ligamentous special test

A

Grade 1- 1st degree sprain

20
Q

Moderate S&S, activity stops, fibers stretched and torn so increased laxity with softer late empty end feel during ligamentous test

A

Grade 2-2nd degree sprain

21
Q

Severe S&S, Activity stops; fibers torn completely with possible avulsion, significant increased in laxity with empty end feels during ligamentous tests

A

Grade 3-3rd degree sprain

22
Q

Ligaments and capsule

A

-dense connective tissue
-type 1 collagen-resist tension
-low elastin, better joint stabilization
-fibrocytes

23
Q

Ligament are more multi-directional fibers than tendons

A
24
Q

mid substance area of a ligament is

A

hypovascular
hyponeural

25
Q

the insertional end of the ligament is?

A

-Hypervascular: high metabolic activity for greater healing capacity

Hyperneural: for proprioception or position sense

26
Q

Extraarticular (exterior to the joint)

A

Blend with capsule and often heals without surgery.

27
Q

Intraarticular

A

within the joint space
often needs surgery for repair due to dilution from synovial fluid

SN; ACL and PCL

28
Q

What are the symptoms of a sprain?

A

Traumatic onset
swelling
likely reduce function

29
Q

what are observations of a sprain?

A

Antalgic and asymmetrical gait
swollen joint

30
Q

Sprain observations

A

ROM: likely impaired and painful(not all directions)
Resisted/MMT: possibly weak and painful
Combined Motions: likely inconsistent blocks
Stress tests: distraction positive, compression relief
Palpation TTP

31
Q

Healing of sprains

A

Initial tensile strength at 3-5 weeks

Dense connective tissue by 12 weeks

10 to 12 months to normal strength postoperatively

32
Q

what should be some ultimate purpose needing to be achieved following a sprain?

A

Tissue proliferation and integrity and stabilization.

33
Q

Distinctive RX of a sprain

A

Policed
assistive device and external support
protecting ligament in shortened position for better long term stability.

34
Q

MET primarily for sprains?

A

tissue proliferation and integrity and stabilization