SPR Models

Question 1

What can alter the SPR model?

Answer 1

Rate of emmision of pollutant
Rate of transport (pathway)
The chemical and physical transformation that pollutant undegoes during movement/after deposition
The amount reaching the receptor

Question 2

Name intrinsic properties of pollutants (6)

Answer 2

Short/long term toxicity
Persistence
Dispersion properties
Chemical reactions the compound undergoes
Tendency to bio-accumulate 
Ease of control

Question 3

What determines the height particles reach

Answer 3

Particle size/climate

Explosions - can reach 16km up (stratosphere)

Question 4

What degrades gaseous materials in the stratosphere?

Answer 4

UV light

Question 5

What effects pollutants in air? (vague i know read answers)

Answer 5

Pollutants transported by wind until they mix uniform. Horizontal mixing faster than vertical.
Dilution is a factor of turbulence.

Question 6

What controls density of air (5)

Answer 6

Solar radiation, wind speed, cloud cover, land roughness and Temperature.

Question 7

What are chimney plumes and effects?

Answer 7

Point source - chimney/stack
Stability of atmosphere and wind speed is critical.
Try to emit above the inversion layer (where the warmer air is higher) if not it can be trapped close to ground
Downwind impacts = ACID RAIN

Question 8

What is advection and diffusion in relation to dispersion in water?

Answer 8

Advection - movement of water

Diffusion - dispersion in the water body

Question 9

Pathways - Rivers how do you estimate travel time?

Answer 9

Travel time of pollutant, average flow is in the centre of the mass of pollutant in the water body

Question 10

Characteristics of lake pathways?

Answer 10

No gravity flow
Wind generated currents or turnover move pollutants (stratification)
Cold dense bottom - can be ANOXIC (lack of o2) = chemical changes to pollutant

Question 11

Characteristics of lake pathways

Answer 11

Steep gradient in - salt, density and flow rates.

Active sedimentation - pollutants sorbed onto particles can be deposited locally.

Question 12

Characteristics of groundwater- what effects dispersion of pollutant in aquifer

Answer 12

Porous rocks- slow movement
Source of drinking water = problems
Aquifer - Physics of water movement
             - Solubility of pollutant
             - retardation owning to pollutant being sorbed  onto particle surfaces

Question 13

Characteristics of pollutants in soil

Answer 13

Depends on pH and oxygen levels (chemical env)

Question 14

What effects the concentration of ions in solution?

Answer 14

Oxidation, reduction, absorption, precipitation and desorption.

Question 15

Whats a pollutant linkage

Answer 15

When S-P-R exists together.