Spot the Conclusion Flashcards
We should go to the beach only on nice days. Today is not a nice day. So, we shouldn’t go to the beach.
Premise 1: We should go to the beach only on nice days. Premise 2: Today is not a nice day. Conclusion: We shouldn’t go to the beach.
We shouldn’t go to the beach. We should go to the beach only on nice days and today is not a nice day.
Premise 1: We should go to the beach only on nice days. Premise 2: Today is not a nice day. Conclusion: We shouldn’t go to the beach. (see, the order doesn’t matter!)
Our experiment randomly divided a group of 10,000 people who suffered from headaches into two groups. Over a month, half received tylenol each day and half received only sugar pills. No group knew what pill it was that they were taking. 90% of those who took the tylenol reported a decrease in headaches, while only 1% of those who received sugar pills reported headache relief. Therefore, tylenol is generally more effective than sugar at treating headaches.
Premise 1: we randomly divided a large group of headache sufferersPremise 2: Most of those who took tylenol reported decreased symptoms while those who took sugar did not, in the study.Conclusion: Tylenol is generally better than sugar at treating headaches
Driving above the speed limit on the city’s streets is legal if you are doing it for a good reason. Bill is a doctor called into the hospital for an emergency operation. He speeds there with good reason. Therefore, his actions are (illegal/legal)?
conclusion: legal
Speeding on the city’s streets by up to 20 miles per hour is legal only if you are doing it for a good reason. Bill is a doctor called into the hospital for an emergency operation. He speeds there at 21 miles per hour above the speed limit with good reason. Therefore, his actions are (illegal/legal)?
conclusion: illegal
Everyone from the city of Sicily loves pizza. Everyone from the city of New York loves pizza. So if you have a room filled with people from only New York and Sicily, everyone in that room will love pizza. Mario is from New York and Luigi is from Sicily and they are both in the ballroom. It is just the two of them. Therefore, everyone in the ballroom (Luigi and Mario) love pizza.
Premise 1: Everyone from the city of Sicily loves pizza. Premise 2: Everyone from the city of New York loves pizza.Sub-conclusion: So if you have a room filled with people from only New York and Sicily, everyone in that room will love pizza. Premise 3: Mario is from New York and Luigi is from Sicily and Premise 4: they are both in the ballroom. Main conclusion: Therefore, everyone in the ballroom (Luigi and Mario) loves pizza.
Smoking causes cancer. We studied the cancer rates of smokers over 50 years and the cancer rates of non smokers, and the smokers had much higher rates of developing cancer.
Premise: we studied the cancer rates of smokers and non smokersPremise: Smokers had higher cancer ratesConclusion: Smoking causes cancer
Smoking causes cancer. We studied the cancer rates of smokers over 50 years and the cancer rates of non smokers, and the smokers had much higher rates of developing cancer than the non smokers. Bill is a smoker, therefore, Bill has a much higher chance of developing cancer than a non-smoker.
Premise: We studied the cancer rates of smokers over 50 years and the cancer rates of non-smokers, and the smokers had much higher rates of developing cancer than non smokers. Sub-Conclusion: Smoking causes cancer Premise: Bill is a smokerMain Conclusion: (Therefore/ Thus) Bill has a much higher chance of developing cancer than a non-smoker.
