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Z. Vision Therapy — Class Final > Sports Vision > Flashcards

Sports Vision Flashcards

1
Q

What is Sports Vision?

A

Enhancing visual needs of athletes

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2
Q

How much of all sensory information comes from the eyes?

A

70-80%

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3
Q

Visual information is processed by ___ which must the interpret the info and send a signal to ___

A

Brain; body

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4
Q

T/F: Functional vision is dynamic

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

Brain’s ability to modify itself and to form new circuits to support

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6
Q

T/F: Sports Vision is primarily used to improve the performance of college athletes, and usually not recommended for minors or the elderly.

A

FALSE; all ages and skill levels

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7
Q

3 Reasons to encourage Sports Vision

A
  1. Improve sports performance
  2. Achieve elite status
  3. Prevent sports-related concussion
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8
Q

Providers of Sports Vision

A
  1. Optometrists
  2. Vision Therapists
  3. Athletic Trainers
  4. Coaches
  5. Physical/Occupational Therapists
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9
Q

Difference between Sports Vision and Vision Therapy

A

Sports Vision simulates sports activity w/ cognitive and/or physical loading

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10
Q

Study of little league baseball players found that the number of hits in the batting cage improved ___% after training eye movements with the ___

A

90%

‘Eyeport’

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11
Q

Stroboscopic Training improves what (6) skills?

A
  1. Dynamic Visual Acuity
  2. Attention
  3. Short term memory
  4. Foveal motion sensitivity
  5. Anticipatory Timing
  6. Balance
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12
Q

(3) Findings from the Ice Hockey Study

A

After 6-weeks…
1. Improved BV skills
2. Significantly improved performance
3. Players reported positive impact on individual performance

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13
Q

(2) Findings from Collegiate Baseball Study

A
  1. Stereopsis can improve with training
  2. Such training can improve field/situational awareness, which can prevent injuries
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14
Q

In terms of cognitive function, most recover from concussions in ___

A

3 months

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15
Q

According to the American Academy of Neurology, what are the long term effects of concussions?

A

Unknown

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16
Q

Delayed recovery from concussions are more likely in…

A
  1. HS athletes
  2. Those w/ HX of previous concussions
  3. Those w/ higher number of and duration of concussion SX
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17
Q

Findings from Concussions in Football Study

A

Vision training —> better field awareness —> awareness to avoid concussion-causing injuries

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18
Q

According to Sports Vision Systemic Review, our sensorimotor system is governed by 3 main mechanisms

A
  1. Perception of external info (vision)
  2. Decision based on what is perceived (interpretation/processing)
  3. Execution of action based on processing
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19
Q

Sports Visions assessment evaluates how many visual skills?

A

17

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20
Q

Features of Sport Specific Tinted Lenses

A
  1. UV protection
  2. Impact resistance: poly, trivex
  3. Can be colored: vermilion (rose), brown/gray/green, yellow/gold/amber
  4. Glare reduction: mirrored, polarized
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21
Q

For an athlete, is a slightly steep or slightly flat fit better?

A

Steep —> more stability

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22
Q

Benefit of zeaxanthin + lutein

A

Protects vision and improves contrast sensitivity, flare recovery, color saturation, and light sensitivity

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23
Q

Poly vs Trivex

A

Poly - standards, sports goggles, children

Trivex - superior impact resistance, optical clarity, and scratch resistance

24
Q

Benefits of Vermilion tinted lenses

A
  1. Enhance contrast
  2. Excellent clarity in low light
  3. Enhance visibility against blue/green
25
Q

Benefits of Brown/Grey/Green tinted lenses

A
  • Reduce glare
  • Effective in bright light
26
Q

Benefits of Yellow/Gold/Amber tinted lenses

A
  • Provides strong depth perception
  • Efficient under hazy lighting
27
Q

When designing a Sports Vision Program, what are our focuses? (Pyramid)

A
  1. Monocularly sensory processing: VA, contrast sensitivity
  2. Binocular sensory processing: stereo, depth perception
  3. Neural processing: visual decision making
  4. Visual integration/mechanics
  5. On field goals
28
Q

In Sports Vision, what system is used for a baseline evaluation?

A

SENAPTEC Sensory Station

29
Q

Dynamic Visual Acuity

A

Either object is in motion and/or athlete is in motion

30
Q

Difficulties with Dynamic VA can negatively impact:

A
  1. Depth perception
  2. Timing
  3. Object detail variation
  4. Perception span
31
Q

Anticipation Timing

A

Amount of time it takes to determine where and when an object and an athletic movement will coincide

32
Q

Peripheral Awareness

A

Ability to pay attention to what is in front (central vision) while being aware of that which is to the side (peripheral)

33
Q

Deficits in Peripheral Awareness can cause an athlete to…

A
  1. Lose objects
  2. Be easily distracted by objects in periphery
34
Q

Peripheral Field of Vision

A

Full extent of vision extending to 180 degrees, while focusing on a central fixed target

35
Q

What is trained by SENAPTEC Strobe?

A

Visual processing/anticipation skills

Trains connection between body, brain, and eyes

36
Q

Perception Span

A

How quickly athlete can acquire visual information

37
Q

Parts of brain associated with perception span

A

Parietal lobe
Frontal lobe
Hippocampus

38
Q

Describe procedure for Football Drills w/ Strokes
+ How to make more difficult

A
  1. Trainer and athlete 10 yards away
  2. Trainer throws football to athlete until catches 5/5 throws
  3. Decrease flicker rate

More difficult:
1. Continue to decrease rate (increase level)
2. Vary trajectory and speed of throw
3. Decrease separation
4. Vary location of throw
5. Bosu ball or other balance system or on one foot
6. Change to monocular strobe

39
Q

Visual Concentration

A

Ability to focus attention on given task at hand while filtering distractions

40
Q

Deficit in visual concentration can cause

A
  1. Objects to be visually lost
  2. Decrease in accuracy and efficiency to react to stimulus
41
Q

Go/No Go

A

Activity or inhibition based on sensory demand (visual or auditory)

42
Q

Go/No Go:

Go activated by:
Inhibited by:

A

Activation: Pre-frontal cortex
Inhibition: Dorsolateral and orbits frontal cortices

43
Q

Depth Perception

A

Ability to interpret combined images from both eyes to judge distance, speeds, and spatial relationships

44
Q

What part of the brain is important for motion perception?

A

Middle temporal visual area (V5)

45
Q

Eye Movements: Pursuits + training methods

A

Following a moving target

  1. Dynavision
  2. Rotary pursuit
  3. Marsden ball
  4. Senaptec Sensory Station
  5. Flashlight tag
46
Q

Eye Movements: Saccades/Jumps + training methods

A

Ocular motility

  1. H, V, and rotational saccades
  2. Senaptec Sensory Station
47
Q

Eye Movements: Z-axis Tracking + training methods

A

Follow moving object coming at you or away from you

  1. Brock string
  2. Ball toss
48
Q

Multiple Object Tracking

A
  1. Identify multiple objects in space
  2. Identity objects as near, far, low, high, left, right
  3. Maintain orientation of self in space
  4. Determine priorities of objects in relation to task at hand
49
Q

Focus Flexibility

A

Ability to change focus from one point in space to another rapidly w/o excess effort

50
Q

Speed of Recognition + training methods

A

Ability to make quick visual decisions

  1. Tachistoscope training
  2. Scanning
51
Q

Visualization

A

Positive mental imaging

the more details, the better

52
Q

Raw Foot Speed

A

How fast an athlete can run various distances

53
Q

Eye-Foot Patterning

A

How proficiently an athlete can execute run patterns

54
Q

Eye Foot REaction Time

A

How quickly athlete reacts visually to get their feet where they need to be

55
Q

Eye to Hand Speed

A

Ability to react and respond with hands to a visual signal

56
Q

Reaction Time

A

time required to perceive and respond to stimulation

57
Q

Visual Reaction and Response Timing

A

Amount of time it takes for stimuli to travel from our visual system into out motor system to produce physical reaction

Z. Vision Therapy — Class Final (7 decks)

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