Sports Vision

Question 1

Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI)

Answer 1

*An injury that affects brain functionality
-caused by blow, jolt, bump, penetrating injury
-secondary to severe sports injury
-sudden trauma causing injury to brain and impact on visual system

Question 2

FL-41 tint

Answer 2

• Migraine headaches
• Light sensitivity
• CVS
• blepharospasm
  blocks 80% of most painful waves

Question 3

Sports Injury Risk Types

Answer 3

Low risk
* Typically no ball, stick, body contact
* Swimming, track/field, gymnastics, cycling
High risk
* Where a ball, racquet, stick or body contact involved
* Baseball, tennis, racquet ball, basketball, football
*Very high risk
Sports activities where eye protection typically not
worn
* Wrestling, martial arts, boxing

Question 4

SPORTS EYEWEAR LENS PERFORMANCE ELEMENTS

Answer 4

• protection: impact resistant
• optimum visual acuity
• contrast enhancement
  *radiation (UV) filtration
• dust, sun, wind
• pinguecula, pterygium, photokeratitis, cataract
• peripheral vision (minimal distortion, optimum clarity)
• glare reduction
  *minimal color distortion

Question 5

Sports Frames

Answer 5

*fully cover orbital region
*proper contact at bridge & temples
*beveled so that lens expulsion is not towards the eye
*properly fitted overall
*follow ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) standards

Question 6

Type I lens

Answer 6

• very curved lens, distortion
• lens and frame front piece molded as one unit
• not available in prescription form

Question 7

Type II Lens

Answer 7

eyeguard with lenses
* polycarbonate lens and frame
* frame with no hinges, sports strap
* most widely used today,

Question 8

Type III lens

Answer 8

-lens less eyeguard with narrow opening
-no longer safe for raquetball, ball can deform opening

Question 8

Type III lens

Answer 8

-lens less eyeguard with narrow opening
-no longer safe for raquetball, ball can deform opening

Question 8

Type III lens

Answer 8

-lens less eyeguard with narrow opening
-no longer safe for raquetball, ball can deform opening

Question 9

Type IV lens

Answer 9

*face masks & shields
* full face
* varying size openings
* shields made of polycarbonate
* bulky, uncomfortable, difficult to hold in place

Question 10

Lens Type

Answer 10

*polycarbonate
* superior to all lens materials
* large or small objects
* high or low velocity objects
*UV protection
*proper absorptive tint color & level of absorption
*Anti-reflection coating
*Consider frame styles/frame manufacturers that permit switching of lenses for multiple sports consideration

Question 11

Swim Goggles

Answer 11

*Considerations: lens material, water
index, plus lens, minus lens; power in air
*Do calculations for appropriate curves
for front and back sides of lens for
optimal visual acuity in water
*Easiest for minus lens: plano front curve
and all minus power on concave side–no
adjustment necessary

Question 12

Snorkeling and Diving Mask

Answer 12

*Typically mounted onto inside flat surface
*Typically not done for plus correction due to curvature requirement on concave surface
*Usually a high minus patient request
*All the minus power on the concave side of lens
*Typically glass lens

Question 13

WRAP EYEWEAR

Answer 13

-maximize performance, better protection, cosmetic
* Default facial wrap angle, usually averages 20 degree
* Pantoscopic tilt, may be greater than 12 degree
* Base curve of demo lens, typically +8.00D
* Vertex distance, 12.5mm or less
* Must have optimum fit at time of frame selection

Question 14

conventional frames

Answer 14

• Default facial wrap angle, typically <10 degree
• Pantoscopic tilt, typically 10-12 degree
• Base curve of demo lens, typically +6.00D
• Vertex distance 13.5mm

Question 15

wrap frame considerations

Answer 15

• Appropriate wrap
• Vertex distance
• Lash consideration
• Lens insert
• Bridge
• Fogging concerns
  *Temple
• Typically flexible conforming style (library)
• Helmet or cap over glasses?

Question 16

lenses requirements

Answer 16

+8.00 base with Rx from +2.00 to -5.00
BO induced on horizontal wrap
BDn induced from more panto

Question 17

Magnitude of prism Formula

Answer 17

Δ = 100 tan θ (t/n) P1

Question 18

TINTED LENSES

Answer 18

*Polarized lenses
*Photochromic lenses
*Polarized photochromic

Uniform tint
* Grey–uniform, neutral density
* Brown–blue light reduction
* Yellow–blue light reduction, brighter
* Green–enhances green
* Red–enhances orange/red wavelengths
* Above tints may alter colors except for grey