Sports Psychology Flashcards
What is operant conditioning in sport ?
Conditioning through manipulation,trial and error,reinforcement and improving the stimulus to response bond.
What is positive reinforcement I sport ?
A stimulus is given a when a desired response occurred
For example: getting a sticker for scoring a goal
What is negative reinforcement in sport ?
A stimulus is not given when the desired response doesn’t.
For example: not getting a sticker when scoring a goal
What is punishment in sport ?
Giving a stimulus to prevent a response form occurring.
For example: making the strike run the pitch for missing an easy shot
What is thorndikes law of exercise ?
Repeating or rehearsing the stimulus response connections is more likely to strengthen them if the desired response occurs reinforcement is necessary
For example: a gymnastics routine
What is thorndikes law of effect ?
Pleasant outcomes are more likely to motivate the performer to repeat the Acton.
For example: successful action like seeing the ball go into the net in football
What is thorndikes law or readiness ?
The performer must be physically and mentally able to complete task effectiveness
For example: applying new strategies and setting more tasks so players don’t become demotivated
Name the 4 Positives of operant conditioning?
- ensures performance of correct technique
- good for beginners
- reinforcement is used to ensure plates replicate
- allows performers to focus on different areas of a game once skill is measured
Name the 3 negatives of operant conditioning ?
- does not allow for problem solving
- too many rewards can reduce motivation
- not always realistic to game scenarios
What is the cognitive theory of learning in sport ?
- The Gestalitist approach
- intervening variables
- insight learning
- previous experiences
- taking into account for are environment and what surround us
What is the Gestalitic approach?
Looking at perception which links to are thoughts
What is intervening variables ?
Example: when taking a free kick in football some intervening variables can be
- positioning of wall
- distance
- wind
- positioning of goalkeeper
- position of teammates
What is insight learning ?
Is problem solving involving memory, thinking and understanding
What’s an example of taking into account are environment ?
Example: different surface conditions on a football pitch
What is precious experience?
Working out what is happening using our memories and prior knowledge and perception
What’s an example of past experiences?
Example: in football a defender will use past experiences to decide that the ground is too slippery and has to be more cautious when lunging into tackles to try not commit a foul.
Name the 6 positives of the cognitive approach?
- develop a better understanding
- may be able to apply a skill/tactic more effectively
- can make quicker processes
- helps with future problem solving
- can adapt to different situations
- can learn to self correct
Name the 6 negatives of the cognitive approach?
- might find whole skill/tactic to difficult
- might give up easily/loose motivation
- learning can be slower if they do not understand
- might understand but physically unable to execute
- might have no past experience
- learning may not occur successfully compared to watching others
Which practice is better in cognitive approach?
Whole practice
What is social learning theory?
- Role models/people of higher status and imitate their actions
- repetition of a high quality demonstration
What is attention in social leading theory in sport?
The performer focusing on the demonstration
Example: observing a netball player bending knees when shooting
What is retention in social learning theory in sport?
Being able to retain information and create a mental image.
Example: remembering that you have to bend your knees in netball when shooting
What is motor reproduction in social learning theory in sport?
The performer physically being able to replicate the skill
Example: the performer physically being able to bend there knees when shooting in netball
What is motivation in social learning theory in sport?
Performer must be motivated to copy the skill.
Example: being motivated to shoot in netball
What is ARMM?
Attention
Retention
Motor reproduction
Motivation
