Sports Psychology

Question 1

What is operant conditioning in sport ?

Answer 1

Conditioning through manipulation,trial and error,reinforcement and improving the stimulus to response bond.

Question 2

What is positive reinforcement I sport ?

Answer 2

A stimulus is given a when a desired response occurred

For example: getting a sticker for scoring a goal

Question 3

What is negative reinforcement in sport ?

Answer 3

A stimulus is not given when the desired response doesn’t.

For example: not getting a sticker when scoring a goal

Question 4

What is punishment in sport ?

Answer 4

Giving a stimulus to prevent a response form occurring.

For example: making the strike run the pitch for missing an easy shot

Question 5

What is thorndikes law of exercise ?

Answer 5

Repeating or rehearsing the stimulus response connections is more likely to strengthen them if the desired response occurs reinforcement is necessary

For example: a gymnastics routine

Question 6

What is thorndikes law of effect ?

Answer 6

Pleasant outcomes are more likely to motivate the performer to repeat the Acton.

For example: successful action like seeing the ball go into the net in football

Question 7

What is thorndikes law or readiness ?

Answer 7

The performer must be physically and mentally able to complete task effectiveness

For example: applying new strategies and setting more tasks so players don’t become demotivated

Question 8

Name the 4 Positives of operant conditioning?

Answer 8

• ensures performance of correct technique
• good for beginners
• reinforcement is used to ensure plates replicate
• allows performers to focus on different areas of a game once skill is measured

Question 9

Name the 3 negatives of operant conditioning ?

Answer 9

• does not allow for problem solving
• too many rewards can reduce motivation
• not always realistic to game scenarios

Question 10

What is the cognitive theory of learning in sport ?

Answer 10

• The Gestalitist approach
• intervening variables
• insight learning
• previous experiences
• taking into account for are environment and what surround us

Question 11

What is the Gestalitic approach?

Answer 11

Looking at perception which links to are thoughts

Question 12

What is intervening variables ?

Answer 12

Example: when taking a free kick in football some intervening variables can be

• positioning of wall
• distance
• wind
• positioning of goalkeeper
• position of teammates

Question 13

What is insight learning ?

Answer 13

Is problem solving involving memory, thinking and understanding

Question 14

What’s an example of taking into account are environment ?

Answer 14

Example: different surface conditions on a football pitch

Question 15

What is precious experience?

Answer 15

Working out what is happening using our memories and prior knowledge and perception

Question 16

What’s an example of past experiences?

Answer 16

Example: in football a defender will use past experiences to decide that the ground is too slippery and has to be more cautious when lunging into tackles to try not commit a foul.

Question 17

Name the 6 positives of the cognitive approach?

Answer 17

• develop a better understanding
• may be able to apply a skill/tactic more effectively
• can make quicker processes
• helps with future problem solving
• can adapt to different situations
• can learn to self correct

Question 18

Name the 6 negatives of the cognitive approach?

Answer 18

• might find whole skill/tactic to difficult
• might give up easily/loose motivation
• learning can be slower if they do not understand
• might understand but physically unable to execute
• might have no past experience
• learning may not occur successfully compared to watching others

Question 19

Which practice is better in cognitive approach?

Answer 19

Whole practice

Question 20

What is social learning theory?

Answer 20

• Role models/people of higher status and imitate their actions
• repetition of a high quality demonstration

Question 21

What is attention in social leading theory in sport?

Answer 21

The performer focusing on the demonstration

Example: observing a netball player bending knees when shooting

Question 22

What is retention in social learning theory in sport?

Answer 22

Being able to retain information and create a mental image.

Example: remembering that you have to bend your knees in netball when shooting

Question 23

What is motor reproduction in social learning theory in sport?

Answer 23

The performer physically being able to replicate the skill

Example: the performer physically being able to bend there knees when shooting in netball

Question 24

What is motivation in social learning theory in sport?

Answer 24

Performer must be motivated to copy the skill.

Example: being motivated to shoot in netball

Question 25

What is ARMM?

Answer 25

Attention
Retention
Motor reproduction
Motivation