sports psyc

Question 1

5 mental skills

Answer 1

self confidences

concentrations

arousal regulation

motivation

stress and tension management

(scams)

Question 2

5 strategies to enhance the mental skills

Answer 2

goal setting

relaxation

imagery

performance routines

self talk

(grips)

Question 3

stress management definition (skill)

Answer 3

Stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the demands of the task and the ability level of the performer to respond in a situation where failure has consequences.

Question 4

concentration (skill)

Answer 4

Is the ability to focus on a task at hand whilst ignoring irrelevant cues or distractions.

Question 5

arousal (skill)

Answer 5

Is the degree of stimulation or alertness present in a performer about to perform a skilled task.

Question 6

motivation (skill)

Answer 6

The direction and intensity of effort by a performer towards a given task.

Question 7

self confidence (skill)

Answer 7

Is the belief that a performer has the ability to successfully perform a desired skill or behaviour.

Question 8

goal setting (strategy)

Answer 8

The process of deciding on something you want to achieve, planning the steps to follow that will help reach that goal, then working towards achieving that goal

Question 9

relaxation (strategy)

Answer 9

An activity undertaken to reduce tension and the effects of physical and mental stress.

Question 10

imagery (strategy)

Answer 10

The mental recreation, using as many senses as possible, of a successful past performance or skill.

Question 11

performance routines (strategy)

Answer 11

A ritual a performer follows in the preparation, during, or after an execution of a task.

Question 12

self talk (strategy)

Answer 12

Talking to/thinking to yourself positively before, during, or after performance.

Question 13

types of goals

Answer 13

outcome;
Focus on the end results, times, finishing place, medals EG: making school netball team

performance;
Comparing present performance with previous performance eg: improve fitness testing

process;
Focus on actions, physical movements, strategies that athletes must execute during performance. E.g. swimmer maintaining a smooth S-shaped pull in freestyle

Question 14

mental skills and strategies

Answer 14

the strategies can help the mental skills eg; self confidence and performance routines

Question 15

group cohesion

Answer 15

Group cohesion is a term used to describe the extent to which a group stays together and is united in the pursuit of common goals and objectives.

Question 16

2 components of group cohesion

Answer 16

task cohesion

social cohesion

Question 17

task cohesion is…

Answer 17

how prepared and committed members are to put in and sacrifice to achieve their aim (goal)

Question 18

social cohesion is …

Answer 18

the degree to which team members like each other and enjoy being together

Question 19

4 factors that affect team cohesion (carrons model)

Answer 19

1. personal factors
2. environmental factors
3. leadership factors
4. team factors

Question 20

personal factors

Answer 20

Refer to the individual characteristics of group members, such as their motives for participating.

3 main reasons to participate;
task motivation

affiliation motivation

self motivation

Question 21

environmental factors

Answer 21

Refers to the normative forces that bring and hold a group together. E.g. Contracts, family/significant other expectations

Question 22

leadership factors

Answer 22

Refers to the leadership style and how this affects the dynamics of the group.

Good leadership is a key factor in developing a socially and task cohesive team.

This requires appropriate leadership styles in the context of the team.

Ensure the most appropriate style of leadership is used for the environment they are working in

Question 23

team factors

Answer 23

Relates to the characteristics of the team including team stability, prior successes and failures.

Question 24

3 levels of communications

Answer 24

co-acting activities (little or no communication)

mixed activities (combination)

interacting activities (require high levels of communications)

Question 25

group dynamics (norms)

Answer 25

formal norms;
Usually improve task cohesion. For example: arriving at the ground one hour before game

informal norms;
Usually improve social cohesion. They are not official rules or policies, but a set of expectations developed by a leadership group aimed at introducing new players to the team and its individual culture.

Question 26

3 ways to measure group cohesion

Answer 26

1. questionnaires
2. sociograms
3. observation

Question 27

questionnaires

Answer 27

The “Group Environment Questionnaire” (GEQ) which recognises that group cohesion is made up of task and social cohesion

Question 28

sociogram

Answer 28

A sociogram is a diagram that shows the inter-relationships between individuals in a team. It is often used to represent the answers to a questionnaire presented to the team.

Question 29

observation

Answer 29

A coach can use a checklist to observe how players in the group relate to each other, who they mix with, who they avoid and who they interact with.

Question 30

developing task cohesion

Answer 30

Communicating clearly and regularly.

Having clear and understandable expectations/norms.

Having clear individual roles.

Developing pride within subunits and team

Question 31

developing social cohesion

Answer 31

Encouraging social interaction away from the sport e.g. paintballing, barbecues etc.

Maintaining open and honest communication.

Resolving conflicts quickly.

Question 32

benefits of group cohesion

Answer 32

Communication and motivation within the group is extensive.

There is an increased feeling of the group as a whole, rather than individuals.

Players work together to achieve team goals ahead of personal goals.

Players enjoy each other’s success.

Question 33

barriers of group cohesion

Answer 33

Personality clashes between members.

Unclear/conflicting roles among group members.

Frequent changes to the group.

Disagreement on group objectives

Question 34

social loafing

Answer 34

Social loafing is the tendency of individuals to lessen their effort when they are part of a group. The larger the group, the greater the likelihood of social loafing. It occurs as a result of a decrease in individual motivation

Question 35

traits of people social loafing

Answer 35

Decreased effort at training

Arriving late, leaving early to/from training

Missing training

Not fulfilling designated role in the team

Lack of form

Question 36

impact of social loafing on individual and team performance

Answer 36

Individual athletes are prone to social loafing if they feel that the team can still perform well without a maximum contribution from them

Some individual athletes perceive that the team will win even without every player performing at their best and consequently puts in less effort.

has a negative impact on the team and individual

Question 37

how to minimize social loafing

Answer 37

contracts

team rules

feedback

set challenges and goals