sports physiology

Question 1

what are the behavioural and psychological benefits for exercise ?

Answer 1

~ acts as a means of catharsis (stress relief)
~ can help improve mental health & reduce anxiety
~ releases dopamine which improves mood states
~ performer is more likely to be able to focus on tasks

Question 2

what are the social benefits of exercise ?

Answer 2

~ those who take part are more likely to make new friends
~ make better lifestyle choices e.g healthy eating
~ reduces strain on NHS
~ people who take part in exercise make better use of leisure time e.g go gym reduces strain on police
~ healthy individuals are less likely to be absent from work, benefits economy

Question 3

write the definition of heart rate

Answer 3

number of times the heart beats in a minute

Question 4

what’s the definition of stroke volume ?

Answer 4

the amount of blood pumped out the left ventricle per beat

Question 5

what’s the definition of cardiac output ?

Answer 5

amount of blood pumped out the left ventricle per minute

Question 6

what’s the equation for cardiac output ?

Answer 6

SV X HR

Question 7

explain how training affects cardiac output and it’s components

Answer 7

~A trained performer has cardiac hypertrophy
~ trained = cardiac hyper trophy
~ trained = higher stroke volume
~ trained = lower resting heart rate
~ trained = higher max cardiac output
~ improved ejection fraction ~ proportion of blood pumped out left ventricle per beat
~ trained = bradycardia (resting HR below 60bpm)

Question 8

explain how it’s possible for a trained and untrained performer to have the same cardiac output at a given intensity

Answer 8

~ a trained performer will have cardiac hypertrophy meaning they have a bigger and stronger heart
~ as a result, during exercise they will have a higher stroke volume and lower HR
~ untrained performer doesn’t have cardiac hypertrophy so they have lower SV and higher HR
~ both performers have the same cardiac output

Question 9

explain how a lower resting HR affects oxygen delivery to the muscles

Answer 9

~ everytime the heart beats it breaks down ATP
~ when a performer has a lower HR it will require less oxygen for aerobic respiration in the heart
~ as a result it would mean that more oxygen can be delivered to the working muscle

Question 10

explain the conduction of the heart

Answer 10

1) the dino atrio node is the hearts pacemaker and sends electrical impulses around the walls of the heart
2) Causes the atria walls to contract forcing blood down ventricles
3) The atrio ventricular node delays 2nd impulse by 0.5 secs to allow ventricles to fill with blood
4) This impulse then travels to the bundle of His
5) Until impulse reaches the purkinje fibres causing walls of ventricles to contract, forcing blood out of the heart

Question 11

what is the systolic phase?

Answer 11

~ Atria walls contract and forces blood into ventricles
~ Ventricles contract forcing blood to lungs and rest of the body

Question 12

what is the diastolic phase ?

Answer 12

~ Atria walls relax and fill with blood from the body to the lungs
~ Ventricles relax and fill with blood forced down from the atria