Sports Pharmacology Flashcards
Corticosteriods
What is banned?
Indications?
What is banned?
Systemic/oral use banned
What is allowed?
- Injected into soft tissue or joint
- Atrophy or decreased tendon strength can cause rupture & systemic distribution
- Inhaled corticosteriods for exercise induced athmatha which is not responsive to albuterol- requires testing & pre-approval from IOC
Indications?
- Used for anti-inflammatory effects
- Exercise induced asthma not responsive to albuetrol
B-agonist
What is allowed?
What is not allowed?
Testing?
Limit
Inhaltion only
Systemic use banned (can increase muscle mass)
Athletes must have certified exercise induced asthma & given a different threshold for a + test
Threshold for a positive test even with permission
1600 mcg/24 hrs, about 16 puffs
Name 3 performance enhancing but legal substances
Creatine
Caffeine
Pseudoephedrine
Creatine
- Mechanism
- Which activities
Combines with phosphate to be a donor for resynthesis of ATP
ATP dependent activities – short high intensity sprints
Sprinters, football players, weight lifters
NOT soccer, basketball, any endurance sport
Caffeine
What is the limit
Stimulant
Limit for a positive test is quite high (5-6 cups coffee), higher than most people can tolerate w/o significant side effects
Pseudoephedrine
Limit
Side effects
Responsible for many inadvertently positive drug tests and sanctions because nasal decongestant
S/E of agitation probably limits usefulness as a performance aid
(150 mcg/ml)
Name recreational drugs
Alcohol – collegiate athletes are more likely to be binge drinkers Nicotine Marijuana Cocaine Heroin
Name 6 perfomance enhancing drugs
Beta blockers Stimulants Narcotics Anabolic androgenic steroids Bone marrow stimulants Hormones
Why would an athlete use beta blockers
Used illegally in sports where suppression of heart rate could be an advantage
Shooting, archery, biathlon
Why would an athlete uses a stimulant
Is it approved?
Enhanced arousal
Avoid/recover from fatigue
Weight loss
? Increased focus (ADD drugs)
Yes but need diagnosis/pre-approval
SIde effects of stimulants
Sudden death Heart arrhythmia Anxiety, tremor, insomnia Dependency Impaired judgment, injury
Why would an athlete us Narcotics
Side effect
Mask pain and allow competition with injury, and to ignore usual signals to stop
Increased chance for injury, addiction
Why would an athlete use anabolic steroids
Why would other patients steroids
Increased lean muscle mass
Faster recovery
Appearance
AIDS waisting
Side effects of anabolic steriods
Increased blood pressure, lowered HDL cholesterol leading to increased risk for MI and CVA
Masculinization in women (not reversible)
Testicular atrophy, impotence & infertility in men
Premature closure of growth plates
Mood swings
Acne
Injury (weakens CT)
Increased liver & brain cancer
Why would an athlete use bone marrow stimulants (Erythropoietin, darbepoietin, CERA
xenon gas)?
Increase oxygen carrying capacity and therefore performance in endurance sports as alternative to blood doping
